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Immune response
Immune response
67
Pathology
Undergraduate 2
04/02/2011

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Term
hypersensitivity
Definition
refers to an inappropiate activation of the immune system
Term
hypersensitivity reactions
Definition
disorders caused by immune responses
Term
what are the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions?
Definition
type 1 IGE mediated, type 2 antibody mediated,type 3 complement, type 4 T cell
Term
type 1 hypersensitivity
Definition
IgE mediated. allergic reaction. fast. 
Term
what 2 cells are very important for type 1 hypersensitivity?
Definition
type 2 helper cells and mast cells or basophils
Term
what is another name for type 2 helper t cells?
Definition
tH2 cells
Term
what are the twotypes of helper t cells?
Definition
type 1 and type 2 helper t cells
Term
type 1 helper t cells do what?
Definition
they help B cells differentiate into IgM and IgG producing plasma cells
Term
type 2 helper t cells help produce?
Definition
cytokines that stimulate B cells into producing IgE plasma cells. 
Term
what else do helper t cells help do?
Definition
they act as growth factors for mast cells and they recruit and activate eosinophils. 
Term
basophils are a type of...
Definition
blood cell
Term
where are mast cells located?
Definition
in the connective tissues
Term
type 1 hypersensitivity begins with...
Definition
sensitization of mast cells and basophil's
Term
what happens during the sensitization stage?
Definition
allergen specific IgE antibodies attach to receptors on the mast/basophil's surface
Term
subsequent exposure to an allergen causes...?
Definition
degranulation of mast and basphils. causes them to release their preformed mediators. 
Term
mast cells have cytokines, prostaglandins and leukotrienes...what does this do?
Definition
they help continue the allergic response
Term
what are preformed mediators?
Definition
histamine, ACH, enzymes...
Term
enzyme release leads to the generation of...?
Definition
kinins
Term
histamine..
Definition
vasodilator and increased capillary and venous permiability
Term
ACh
Definition
bronchial smooth muscle contraction and dilation of small blood vessels
Term
kinins
Definition
inflammatory peptides that produce vasodilation and smoth muscle contraction
Term
leukotrienes and prostaglandins...
Definition
produce affects similar to histamine however it is a severely delayed response.
Term
IgE not only do allergic response...they also do...?
Definition
they also attack during parasite infections. they kill the larvae
Term
what are symptoms of hypersensitivity?
Definition
itching, hives, skin erythemia, ,vomiting, cramps,obstrution or air, shock, death
Term
atopic reactions
Definition
type 1. hay fever, food allergies,asthma. family history, lots of basophils in the blood
Term
allergic rhinitus
Definition
type1. sneezing, itching, watery discharge of nose.
Term
severe allergic rhinitus ha what symptoms?
Definition
fatigue, no fever,sinus obstruction, systemic malaise
Term
what are some allergen associated with allergic rhinitus?
Definition
grasses, trees, weeds, dust mites, animal dander, feathers, ragweed
Term
type 2 anti-body mediated response
Definition
mediated by IgG and IgM
Term
complement antibody mediated cell destruction
Definition
cells are coating,opsonization,so that they can be killed ex: rh incompatible
Term
complement and antibody mediated inflammation
Definition
rejection of grafts. when chemical are released in matrix and cause inflammation
Term
antibody mediated cellular dysfunction
Definition
binding to an antigen whcih causes a change in function
Term
type 3
Definition
deposisiting antibody complexes that cause damage and inflammation of vessels etc.
Term
systemic immune complex disorders
Definition
when IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited and cause damage
Term
what are some symptoms?
Definition
urticaria, patchy rash, edema, and fever. damage is usually temporary
Term
localized immune complex reactin
Definition
injection of an antien caused a lesion and necorses of lesion=arthus reaction. binds to IgG
Term
type 4
Definition
cell mediated. 2 types-dalayed and direct.
Term
direct cell mediated cytotoxicity
Definition
cytotoxic t lymphocytes attack all infected cells and cause tissue injury
Term
delayed type hypersensitivity disorders
Definition
Th1 cells are activated and secrete mediators and cytokines. takes 24-72 hours
Term
what is a good example of delayed type hypersensitivitydisoders?
Definition
tb test
Term
delayed type hypersensitivity causes what kind fo rejection?
Definition
organ rejection
Term
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Definition
exposure to inhaled organic dusts. or antigens. dry cough,chills,fever,headache
Term
self tolerance
Definition
the ability to deferentiate self from non self
Term
central tolerance
Definition
the elimination of self reactive t and b cells in central lymphoid tissues
Term
peripheral tolerance
Definition
the deletion or inactivation of autoreactive t cells or b cells that escaped elimination in the central plymphoid tissues
Term
anergy
Definition
the state of unresponsivness to antigens. 
Term
b cell tolerance
Definition
when the body attacks bad b cells
Term
t cell tolerance
Definition
bodt attacks t cells
Term
positive selection
Definition
t cell receptors for a non self antigen are allowed ot mature in the thymus
Term
negative selection
Definition
t cells with a high affinity for hostcells undergo apoptosis or death
Term
b cells make?
Definition
antibodies
Term
humoral immunity
Definition
b lymphocytes. immediately reactions, has memory cells, fights bacteria and viruses
Term
humoral immunity continued..
Definition
makes the antibodies. anaphylactic shock, transfusion reactions
Term
c mediated immunity
Definition
t cells. has memory cells. delayed reaction. fights fungus, tumors, and some viruses.
Term
cell mediated immunity continued...
Definition
TB, fungal infections, contact dermatitis, destruction of cancer cells, graft rejections
Term
plasma cells are...
Definition
b cells!
Term
killer t cells
Definition
cytotoxic cells that bind and kill pathogens. 
Term
what do t helper cells do?
Definition
they stimulate b cells into developing into plasma cells. 
Term
what is the outcome of hypersensitivity?
Definition
tissue damage
Term
alloimmunity
Definition
immune reaction other people's tissues. ex: organ rejection
Term
autoimmunity
Definition
disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self antigens
Term
cell mediated delayed respone
Definition
sensitized t cells that end up have a lymphokine release.
Term
in type 2 hypersensitivity what binds to what??
Definition
IgE binds to the FC receptors
Term
what you have a large amount of histamine being released what happens to your BP?
Definition
it drops
Term
SLE
Definition
chronic multi system inflammation disease against blood, lymphocytes, blood cloting factors
Term
symptoms of SLE
Definition
changes in connective tissues, vascular lesions, multisystem inflammation.
Term
clinical manifestations of SLE
Definition
renal diseae, cardio problems, arthritis, and rask. butterfly rash!!
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