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Immune and oncology
Pharm
101
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
07/11/2012

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Cards

Term
Nonspecific Body Defense
Definition
Skin, phagocytes, natural killer cells
Term
Nonspecific Body Defense
Definition
Barrier to microbes or environmental hazards
Term
Specific Body defenses
Definition
Immune Response
Term
Two major divisions of immune system
Definition
Antibody-mediated (humoral)
Cell-Mediated
Term
Lack of immune response equals?
Definition
immunodeficiency
Term
Excess Immune response may lead to?
Definition
Allergic Reaction or Immune disorders
Term
Active immunity
Definition
Immunity that is physically manifested within the individual. Takes time to take effect, but last long
Term
Passive immunity
Definition
Received from mother's milk, short lasting
Term
Antibody-Mediated Immunity is initiated how?
Definition
When antigen encounters B Cell. B cell is activated and divides becoming plasma cell
Term
What do Plasma cells secrete
Definition
Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
Term
What are memory B cells capable of
Definition
Speeding up future defense against a known specific antigen
Term
What cells initiate the Cell-Mediated immunity
Definition
Helper T cells (CD4 receptor)
Term
What do Helper t cells do
Definition
Activate most other immune cells
Term
What do Cytotoxic Tcells (CD8 receptor) do
Definition
Travel through body, killing bacteria, parasites, viruses, cancer cells
Term
T cells secrete what substance
Definition
Cytokines
Term
What are Cytokines
Definition
Hormone like protein that regulate intensity and duration of immune response
Term
What is the function of Cytokines?
Definition
Mediate cell to cell communitcation
Term
Examples of Cytokines
Definition
Interferon, Interleukins, and perforin
Term
Vaccine that contains killed or deactivated microbes
Definition
MMR
Term
Vaccine that contains microbes that have been weakened (attenuated)
Definition
Flu, Hep A
Term
Vaccines that contain partial microbe componenets
Definition
Hep B
Term
How do you assess effectiveness of a vaccine.
Definition
Blood test, checking a titer.
Term
High risk groups that require vaccines
Definition
Very young, old, high exposure to people, chronic diseases, and those who take immunosuppressant meds
Term
How long are tetanus shots good for
Definition
10years
Term
What should you inform the pt of in regards to a tetanus shot
Definition
Injection site will be sore
May run fever for 24hrs
Tylenol, tylenol, tylenol
Term
Immunostimulants AKA
Definition
Biological response modifiers
Term
Two types of Interferons
Definition
Alfa and Beta
Term
Interferon Alfa used for?
Definition
Hiv pts to combat opportunistic infections
Term
Interferon Beta used for
Definition
Severe MS
Term
Interleukins do?
Definition
Increases B cell and plasma cell production and promote inflammation
Term
What are interleukins contraindicated with?
Definition
Renal and liver failure
Term
Nursing implications for immunostimulants
Definition
Keep well hydrated
assess for encephalopathy
May interfere with BCPs
No pregnant woman
Term
DRUG!!! Echinacea actions?
Definition
Increase phagocytosis
Inhibit the enyzyme hyaluronidase
Term
Echinacea uses?
Definition
Colds and other viral infections
Term
Echinacea S/E
Definition
Upset stomach, nausea, dizziness, and can worsen asthma
Term
Echinacea
Definition
Can't prevent colds and haven't been proven to shorten the course of colds or flu
Term
Echinacea nursing implications
Definition
Don't take on an empty stomach and take with food or a large glass of water
Term
Most common type of immune response to transplanted organ
Definition
Humoral Response (Acute)
Term
Immunosuppressants
Definition
Inhibit T cells
Block antibody production by B cells
Term
Immunosuppressants uses
Definition
Prevent transplant rejection
Suppress bone marrow
Term
Classes of Immunosuppressants
Definition
Glucocorticoids, antimetabolites, antibodies, and calcineurin inhibitors.
Term
Immunosuppressant Prototypes
Definition
Cytoxan, Methotrexate, cyclosporine
Term
Immunosuppressant Nursing Imp's
Definition
Watch for infection
reverse isolation
watch cbc, temp
May interfer with BCP's
Term
What is inflammation and what does it result in?
Definition
Vascular reaction that results in a deliver of fluid, dissolved substances, and cells from the blood into the interstitial space
Term
Acute inflammatory Response
Definition
Immediate response
Nonspecific
Short lived
Term
Acute inflammatory response S/S
Definition
Redness, edema, warmth, pain, fever
Term
Inflammatory mediatiors
Definition
Histamine
Plasma proteases
prostaglandins
leukotrienes
Platelets
Term
NSAID Properties
Definition
Analgesic, Antipyretic, and Anti-inflammatory
Term
NSAID Action
Definition
Decrease prostaglandin synthesis COX-1 and/or COX-2
Term
NSAID uses
Definition
Mild to moderate inflammation/pain
Term
Example of Selective NSAID
Definition
Celebrex
Term
Ex. of Nonselective NSAID
Definition
ASA
Term
CREATE CARDS P.469 SELECTIVE VS. NONSELECTIVE
Definition
Term
What should a pt do prior to NSAID admin
Definition
Take nonselectives w/ food to decrease GI distress
Term
What age should ibuprofen not be given
Definition
6 months or younger
Term
What disease processes can NSAIDS make worse
Definition
CHF, HTN, and bleeding disorders
Term
ARE NSAIDS safe for pregnancy?
Definition
Not safe in pregnancy or lactation
Term
Fish oil Action
Definition
Contains EPA & DHA
Term
S/E of fish oil
Definition
Increase bleeding tendencies, increase BS, diarrhea, GI discomfort, rash
Term
Fish oil Research has shown?
Definition
improvements in morning stiffness & joint tenderness especially when combines with an NSAID
Term
Glucocorticoids FX
Definition
Suppress histamine and other prostaglandins, inhibits COX 2, SUPPRESS PHAGOCYTOSIS AND LYMPHOCYTES
Term
Glucocorticoids uses
Definition
Severe inflammation, asthma, Cancer, arthritis
Term
Glucocorticoid Drug examples
Definition
Prednisone, decadron, celestron
Term
Nursing imp Glucocorticoids
Definition
Take w/ food
Reverse isolation
monitor blood sugar and bp
don't give if already sick
Term
Antipyretics EX
Definition
Tylenol and Motrin
Term
Antipyretic AX
Definition
Reduce fever by direct action at level of hypothalamus and dilation of peripheral blood vessels

Enables sweating and dissipation of heat
Term
How often can Tylenol and motrin be given
Definition
Q4, Q6
Term
S/S of tylenol toxicity
Definition
N/V & Abdominal pain
Term
What two organs does tylenol affect
Definition
Kidney, liver
Term
Can antipyretics be given as a suppository?
Definition
Yes, for faster reduction of fever
Term
What should the nurse tell a parent whose child has a fever above 101?
Definition
Tell the parent to give Tylenol or Motrin and bring the child in.
Term
What is a Pathogen
Definition
Organism that can cause disease
Term
What two ways do pathogens cause disease
Definition
Divide rapidly to overcome body defenses
Secrete toxins Disrupting normal cell function
Term
Pathogenicity
Definition
Ability of organism to cause infection
Term
Virulence
Definition
Measure of disease producing potential
Highly virulent pathogen can cause disease when present in small numbers
Term
Shapes of Bacteria
Bacilla
Cocci
Spirilla
Definition
Rod
Circle
Spiral
Term
Aerobic bacteria
Definition
ability to use o2
Term
Anaerobic bacteria
Definition
lacks ability to use o2
Term
Bactericidal
Definition
Kill bacteria
Term
Bacteriostatic
Definition
Slow growth of bacteria
Term
Is it ok to prophylacticly use antibiotics?
Definition
Sometimes, yes.
Term
What shouldn't be done with antibiotics
Definition
Use with viral infections
Early d/c
Stored improperly
Shared
Term
What should the nurse do prior to initiating antibiotic therapy
Definition
Deteremine causative agent causing infection
Term
Other Nursing imps for Anti-infectives
Definition
Must give at scheduled time
Monitor lab work
Know whether it needs to be taken on an empty or full stomach
INcrease fluids
Term
What was the first mass produced antibiotic
Definition
PCN
Term
PCN USES
Definition
DOC against strep, pneumococci, gonorrhea, syphillis, and staph organisms that do not produce penicillanase
Term
3 types of PCN
Definition
Penicillinase resistent
Broad Spectrum
Extended Spectrum
Term
Penicillinase-resistant Ex.
Definition
Oxacillin
Term
Broad Spectrum
Definition
Amoxilcillin
Term
Extended spectrum
Definition
Piperacillin
Term
Cephalosporins prototype drug
Definition
Cefotaxine (Claforan)
Term
Cephalosporins Uses
Definition
STD's, RTI's, UTI's and prophylactically for osteomyelitis
Term
How many generations of Cephalosporins are there and what are the changes?
Definition
4 generations with each subsequent generation Increasing in activity against gram – organisms & anaerobes w/ each generation
Term
4th generation Cephalosporin is effective against what?
Definition
gram + cocci & gram - bacilli
Term
What shouldn't be given with Cephalosporins
Definition
Antacids, H2 blockers, and Iron supplements
Term
What is the bare minimum amount of time cephalosporins can be used?
Definition
10 days
Term
What should be monitored while on Cephalosporins
Definition
liver and renal fx
Term
What should be assess prior to giving any cephalosporin
Definition
hx of bleeding disorders
Term
Why should alcohol be avoided on cephalosporins
Definition
Could create an antabuse like reaction
Term
Tetracycline is a?
Definition
Bacteriostatic
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