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Immune 7
T Cells
11
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
04/11/2017

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Cards

Term
What are the 3 T cell antigen processing pathways? What types of antigens do they present, what MHC molecule do they use and what type of T cell do they activate
Definition
Endogenous pathway
-intracellular proteins loaded onto MHC I (viruses, cancer cells)
-CD8 cells

Exogenous
-peptides from extracellular proteins (bacteria) loaded onto MHC Class II
-CD4 T cells

Cross-presentation
-endogenous antigens taken up by an APC and presented as MHC Class I
-CD8 cells
Term
Anatomical location of T cell maturation
Definition
thymus
Term
What phenotypic marker is unique to vet species, what T cell subset expresses it
Definition
marker: WC1

expressed on gamma/delta T cells which are primarily found in the skin & mucosal surfaces
Term
What other cells express CD4 in dogs?
Definition
T cells, neutrophils and macrophages all express this marker in dogs
Term
Components of immunological synapse
Definition
T cell receptor + antigen + MHC I/II
Term
2 signals required to activate T cells
Definition
-formation of trimolecualr complex
-costimulation
Term
Targets of CD4 & CD8 T cells
Definition
CD4 binds MHC Class II - kills bacteria

CD8 binds MHC Class I - kills viruses
Term
Three ways CTLs can kill
Definition
-Perforin punches holes in cell mmb

-Granzymes trigger caspase cascade leading to apoptosis

-Fas/Fasl pathway triggers caspase cascade leading to apoptosis
Term
Why can a superantigen trigger toxic cytokine storms
Definition
T cell superantigen = mitogen that non specifically links MHC on an APC and T cell receptor on a T cell
-bypasses the classical antigen presentation pathway, so lots of T cells are activated

T cells produce IFN-gamma which activates macrophages to produce IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. All are toxic, but TNF alpha especially
Term
INDEPENDENT STUDY THING MAY BE ON EXAM
|||Which vet won nobel prize in phys/med
What was their field of expeertise
What scientific finding earned the reward?
Definition
Peter Doherty - immunology

Discovered how T cells recognize cells that are infected by viruses (histocompatability antigens)
Term
Which T cell types are classified as helper T cells? Why?
Definition
CD4 - they secrete cytokines to activate other effector cells
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