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IM
UWORLD 6
79
Medical
Graduate
02/05/2014

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

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Term
sympathetic ophthalmia
Definition
spared eye injury

immune mediated inflammation of one eye after a penetrating injury to the other

result of "uncovering" of hidden antigens
Term
reagin mediated eye disease?
Definition
IgE allergic conjunctivitis
Term
when do circulating immune complexes affect the eye
Definition
SLE
Term
who gets ocular injury by non-caseating granulomas?
Definition
pts with sarcoidosis
Term
what tick causes lymes
Definition
ixodes
Term
Conn's syndrome
Definition
primary hyperaldosteronism
Term
signs of conn's syndrome
Definition
hypertension
hypernatremia
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis

mm weakness and decreased exercise tolerance 2/2 hypokalemia
Term
metabolic change seen when giving hydrochlorothiazide
Definition
hyperglycemia
Term
extra-renal complications of ADPKD
Definition
1. hepatic cysts
2. valvular heart disease
3. colonic diverticula
4. abdominal wall and inguinal hernia
Term
when do you also give steroids in pts with PCP
Definition
when paO2 < 70 mmHg on RA

or

A-a > 35
Term
what is alanine converted to in gluconeogenesis
Definition
pyruvate
Term
major substrates of gluconeogenesis
Definition
alanine
lactate
g3p
Term
what drugs cause drug-induced interstitial nephritis?
Definition
penicillins
cephalosporins
sulfonamides
Term
clinical features of drug induced interstitial nephritis
Definition
fever
joint pains
dark urine
rash
white cell casts, eosinophiluria, proteinuria
Term
most common cause of osteomyelitis in adults with nail puncture wound?
Definition
pseudomonas
Term
characteristic changes in chronic renal failure
Definition
1. secondary hyperparathyroidism
2. hi PTH
3. hi P
4. lo Ca
Term
"sticking" sensation in throat
Definition
scleroderma
Term
manometric findings in scleroderma
Definition
1. absence of peristaltic waves in lower two thrids of esophagus
2. decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter tone
Term
manometric findings in achalasia
Definition
decrease or absense of peristaltic waves
increased LES tone
Term
glucocorticoid defieciency signs
Definition
1. weakness
2. fatigue
3. loss of appetitie
4. eosinophilia
Term
primary vs secondary adrenal insufficiency
Definition
primary: salt wasting, hyperkalemia, hyperpigmentation. weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, eosinophilia

secondary: only weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, eosinophila
Term
most common cause of secondary adrenal insuff
Definition
pituitary tumor
Term
tx for hairy cell luekemia
Definition
cladribine
Term
tx CLL
Definition
chlorambucil, prednisone
Term
CHOP therapy?
Definition
used for NON-hodgkins
Term
TRAP stain
Definition
tartrate resistant acid phosphatase stain + in hairy cell leukemia
Term
bone marrow findings in hairy cell
Definition
fibrotic
yields dry taps
Term
microcytic andmia and target cells
Definition
beta thalssemia minor
Term
features of beta thalessmia minor
Definition
asymptomatic
mild anemia
hi RBC count, low MCV
Term
best way to tell beta thalessmia minor from
Definition
both will have microcytic anemia
beta thal will have hgb > 10
will be less in IDA
Term
who gets ankylosing spondylitis
Definition
men 20-30 yo
Term
sx of anylosing spondylitis
Definition
Term
clinical features of pan hypopituitarism
Definition
1. ACTH def (2ndary adrenal insufficiency)= postural hypotension, tachycardia, fatigue, wt loss, decreased libido, hypoglycemia, eosinophilia

hypothyroid (central) = fatigue, cold intol, dec appetite, constip, dry skin, brady, delayed dtr

lo gonadotropins = women (amenorrhea, infertility, hot flash) men (dec energy and libido)
Term
extrarenal features of ADPKD
Definition
1. cerebral aneurysm
2. hepatic and pancreatic cysts
3. cardiac valve issues (MVP)
4. diverticulosis
5. hernias
Term
tx hairy cell leukemia
Definition
cladribine
Term
ade cladrbine
Definition
neuro
kidney
Term
HLAB27
Definition
associated with ankylosing spondylitis
Term
major sx of ankylosing spondylitis
Definition
progressive back pain
morning stiffness over 3 mo
sacroiliac tenderness
Term
imaging of ankylosing spondylitis
Definition
plain film will show sacroiliatits
Term
systemic signs of ankylosing spondylitis
Definition
uveitis
(pain, blurring, photophobia)
Term
anti-CCP antibody
Definition
RA
Term
glutamic acid decarboxylase Abs
Definition
seen in type 1 dm
Term
Ach receptor antibodies
Definition
myaesthenia gravis
Term
cabergoline
Definition
like bromocriptine for microprolactinoma
Term
pathogenesis in paraoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
Definition
cell membrane molecule GP1 should anchor CD55 and CD59 which prevent complement destruction of RBCs

pts with PNH have broken GP1 --> increased hemolysis
Term
lab values to indicate intravascular hemolysis
Definition
hi LDH
hi bilirubin (unconjugated)
low haptoglobin
low hgb
Term
big give-away feature of PNH
Definition
heptaic vein thrombosis
Term
major difference between lupus arthritis and RA
Definition
lupus arthritis is non-deforming
Term
key features of sarcoid
Definition
1. cough
2. erythema nodosum
3. hyperclacemia
4. hi ACE
Term
histo features of follicular thyroid cancers
Definition
invasion of capsule and blood vessels
Term
which thyroid cancer is most likely to have ln involvement
Definition
papillary
Term
which thyroid cancer has calcitonin
Definition
medullary
Term
which thyroid cancer hars hurthle cells
Definition
follicular and papillary
Term
most common thyroid malignancy
Definition
papillary
Term
dyspnea and elevated proBNP
Definition
dsypnea 2/2 congestive heart failure
Term
compare contrast viral URI vs flu vs strep thoat in onset of symptoms
Definition
1. viral URI = slow, step wise, migratory
2. flu = abrupt and dramatic
3. strep = variable
Term
compare contrast viral URI vs flu vs strep thoat in regards to upper respiratory symptoms
Definition
1. vURI = rhinorrhea, coryza, sneeze, mild phayngitis
2. flu = mild
3. strep = mostly pharyngeal sx
Term
compare contrast viral URI vs flu vs strep thoat in regards to systemic symptoms
Definition
1. vURI = mild
2. flu = v hi fever, myalgia, HA
3. strep = variable, maybe fever and myalgia
Term
compare contrast viral URI vs flu vs strep thoat in regards to PE findings
Definition
1. vURI = nasal edema, normal or slightly erythematous pharynx
2. flu = unremarkable
3. pharyngeal erythema, tonsillar hypertrophy, exudates, tener cervical lns
Term
what does a PPV mean
Definition
proportion of people with positive test results that actually have disease
Term
treatment of SIADH
Definition
start with fluid restriction

if they have symptoms of the hyponatremia give hypertonic saline

if super severe give demoecloclycline
Term
which type of thyroid cancer is seen in MEN syndromes
Definition
medullar
Term
who gets thyroid lymphomas
Definition
pts wih hashimotos thyroiditis
Term
what RA med causes oral ulcers and weird LFTs, and myelosuppression
Definition
methotrexate
Term
how does methotrexate work?
Definition
it is an antimetabolite agent
Term
what drug type in infliximab?
Definition
anti-cytokine
Term
what are the other anti-cytokine agents
Definition
adalumab, etanercept
Term
ade of anti-cytokin agents
Definition
predisposition to infection
cytopenia
lymphoma
Term
what acid base abnormality seen status post seizure
Definition
anion gap metabolic acidosis
(lactic acidosis)
Term
tx for anion gap metabolic acidosis post seizure
Definition
watch
should resolve once seizure is over (60-90) minutes
Term
presentation of MASSIVE pulmonary embolism
Definition
JVD, new onset RBBB, bradycardia, death
Term
most common cause of death in patients with acute MI
Definition
reentry ventricular arrythmia (v fib)
Term
side effects of loop diuretic administration after chf exacerbation
Definition
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis
prerenal renal failure
Term
enthesitis
Definition
inflammation and pain at the site of tendon/ligament attachment to bone

seen in anklyising spondylitits
Term
most common sites of enthesitis
Definition
hells
tibial tuberosity
iliac crest
Term
post nasal drip tx?
Definition
first gen antihistmine with antihistamine decongestatnt
Term
what is the functino of the hepatojugular reflex
Definition
differentiates between cardiac and liver causes of LE edema. +hepatojugular reflux only seen in heart causes
Term
major features of non inflammatory chronic prostatitis
Definition
1. afebrile
2. irritative voiding sx
3. negative culture of prostate secretions
4. normal leukocytes in prostate secretions
Term
first line tx for pagest
Definition
bisphosphonate
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