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IDIT:Felton:Exam 3
Bugs
33
Microbiology
Professional
02/02/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Pesudomonas  Characteristics(3)

Definition
  • Motile, polar flagella, obligate aerobe, can grow in nitrogen
  • Grow on simple media, likes water and associated with plant material
  • some produce water soluble pigments and mucoid polysaccharide capsule.
Term

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Characteristics

Definition
  • Pyocyanin (blue/green) and Fluorescin  (green/yellow) H2O soluble pigments
  • Grape like aroma
Term

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pathogenic Characteristics

Definition

* Opportunistic (debillitated, immunocompromised patients)

* Resistant to many antibiotics

* Cause septicemia, endocarditis, pulmonary, ear, burn, urinary tract, gastrointestinal, eye, musculoskeletal infections

 

Term

Pseudomonas aerigonosa Virulence Factors

(non toxin factors)

Definition

* pili-attachment

* capsule- antiphagocytic, attachment in CF patients

 

Term

P. aeruginosa

Exotoxin A

Definition
* same action as diptheria toxin, 90% have it
Term

P. aerigonosa

Exoenzymes

Definition
* ADP-ribosylation of g protein, type III secretion in 40%. Results in cytoskeleton collapse
Term

P Aerigonosa

Cytotoxin

Definition
* leucocydin. Pokes holes in most cells
Term

P. aerigonosa

Other Pathogenic Enzymes

Definition

* Variety of proteases: elastase, alkaline protease.

* Elastase causes hemorrhage and necrosis

Alkaline protease causes degradation of complement, IgG and IgM

Term

P. aerigonosa

Phospholipase C

Definition
* breaks down the plasma membrane, destroying the cells and evenually the tissue is then destroyed.
Term

Vibrionaceae Characteristics

Definition

* Facultative, motile with polar flagella

* Grow well in alkaline media pH9-9.6

* Simple nutritional requirements

* Cholerae, parahaemolyticus, vulnificus, alginolyticus commone pathogens

Term

Cholera

Definition

* Caused by V. cholerae O1 and O139 serotypes

* Spread via conaminated water

* colonizes brush border, remains in intestine lumen

*Cholera toxin

* Watery diarrhea, "rice" mucus spots, no blood

* Severe loss of water, hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis

 

Term

Cholera Toxin

Definition

* Enterotoxin inducing secretory diarrhea

* A and 5B units, same function as in diptheria

* ADP ribosylates G proteon, increase cAMP.

* Hypersecretoin of Cl- and HCO3-, water follows osmotically

Term

V. parahaemolyticus Characteristics

Definition

* Halophilic, Marine, unlike cholerae--> needs salt to grow

* Free living in coastal water

 

Term

V. parahaemolyticus Infection

Definition

* Gastroenteritis from uncooked, raw seafood

* Explosive water diarrhea

* Self limiting

* Pathogeni strains have kana gawa hemolysin (WTF?)

Term

V. vulnificus Infection

Definition

* Causes rapidly progressive wound infections

* From exposure to contaminated seawater

*Septicemia following raw oyster consumption

             50% mortality

             Pre-existing liver disease predisposes to          septicemia

Term

Campylobacter Characteristics

Definition

* Curved rod, highly motile, microaerophilic

* Gram stain shows S shape, comma shape, and gull winged shape

Term

C. jejuni Infection

Definition

* Main cause of diarrheal disease

* Widely in animals- milk, water, food contamination transmits to humans

* Bloody, mucus diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps

* Infects sml and lrg intestine

* Self limiting within about 1 week

Term

Heliobacter

Characteristics

Definition

* Mainly causes stomach and duodenal diseases

* Strongly curved, hard to culture

* Highly motile, microaerophilic

* Urease: allows it to grow at low pH

* Oxidase Positive

 

Term

H. pylori Infection

Definition

* Gastritis, duodenitis, peptic and duodenal ulcers.

*  Found in mucosa of epithelial but doesn't invade mucosa layer

* Exotoxin called vacuolating cytotoxin

* CagA--> unknown function

* Pathogenicity Island--> type IV secretion. Produces a proinflammatory cytokine IL-8

Term

Treponema Characteristics

Spirochetes

Definition

* long, slender, spiral Gram -

* Similar wall and membrane to gram - but more flexible

*All motile with periplasmic flagella

* Hard to stain (use darkfield, silber, or Anitbody)

*Slender tightly coiled, 6-10 axial filaments

Term

T. pertenue and T. carateum

Definition
  • * T. pertenue Cause Yaws in tropics 
  • * T. carateum Cause pinta in S.A.
  • * Common characteristics:
    • chronic skin lesions
    • non veneral
    • poor personal hygiene, insect vectors
    • give false positive for syphyllis with serological test
    • penicillin sensitive

 

Term

T. pallidum infection

Definition
  • syphyllis
  • systemmic onset
  • two phases
  • Diagnose under microscope, serologically, or with Ag. Cannot grow in lab
  • Penicillin treatment over long period of time
Term

Congenital Syphyllis

Definition
Affected women can transmit to their fetus during any stage of infection. Results in spontaneous abortion or severe developmental problems.
Term

Borrelia Characteristics

Definition

* Causes relapsing fever, Lymes disease

* Transmitted by blood sucking arthropods

*  not common to culture for diagnosis

* long, thick spirochetes loose irregular coils with 15-30 axial filaments

Term

Relapsing Fever:

Louse Borne

Definition

* From B. recurrentis

* person to person transmission

* Crowding, cold, poverty

* Same clinical picture as Tick borne (another flash card)

Term

Relapsing Fever:

Tick Born

Definition

* Caused by B. hermsil

* Tick to human transmission via an animal reservior

* Vacation, outdoor, warm weather

*Same clinical picture as Louse Borne

Term

Relapsing Fever:

Clinical Picture

Definition

Sudden onset, fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, vomit, diarrhea

Recovery-disease-Recovery-disease cycle

Illness=Bacteremia

Recovery= Antibody response

Relapse= New Antigen

*Stain with Wright, Gram, or Gimensa to diagnose, no serological testing

Term

Lyme Disease

Definition

Caused by B. burgdorferi

3-30 days after bite, erythema chronicum migrans skin lesion

Flu lke symptoms for one month

If persists: neuro-cardio, arthralgias, arthritis

Serological diagnosis for early stage from CSF and blood

Late Stage: no more spirochetes but cross reactivity to Ig cause symptoms

Term

ANUG  (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis)

Definition

* B. vincentii, Vincent's Infection, "Trench Mouth"

* Painful, oral infection, inflammation, gingivae ncrosis

* Mix of Borrelia and fusiform gram (-) bacteria make fusispirochete complex.

* Gram stain useful for diagnosis

* Bad oral hygiene, stress, anxiety contribute to infection

*Treat with antibiotics

Term

Leptospiria Characteristics

Definition

* Slender, tightly coiled, hooked end(s), 2 axial filaments

* Obligate anaerobes

* Unlike most spirochetes, can be cultured on normal media

 

Term

Leptospirosis

Definition

*Typically animal disease

* L. interrogans is pathogeni species. Pig, Dog, rat serotype transmit to humans via contaminated water or urine in exposed skin or mucus membranes

* Infects brain, lungs, liver, kidney,

*Fever, chills, headache, phtophobia, GI disturbance, msucle pain

* Signs of jaundice, hemorrhage, azotemia=poor prognosis

Term

Leptospirosis

Diagnosis

Definition

* Examine specimen with darkfield microscopy

* Culture on Fletcher's media, aerobic, 25C

* Agglutination with serum

          Week 1 use CSF and Blood

          After 1 week, use urine sample

* Treat with antibiotics

Term

Spirochetes

Definition

Treponema

Borrelia

Leptospira

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