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IBHOWC Final Review
N/A
93
History
9th Grade
06/09/2012

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Similarities with Hammurabi’s Code and Justinian’s Code.
Definition
They are both united sets of law codes
Term
Chief concerns of the Byzantine Empire after Justinian.
Definition
They were weak and focused on borders
Term
Women in the Byzantine.
Definition
Were able to be a part of politics
Term
How Christianity spread through the Balkans and Russia.
Definition
Two missionaries (Cyrill and Methodius) spread christianity
Term
Which direction did Christianity spread?
Definition
East to west
Term
How Russia became a state. It was started by. . . hint: Red.
Definition
Scandinavians; Rurik the Red
Term
What happened when the Tartars overthrew the hint (organized) Byzantine Empire. Did it . . . . chaos?
Definition
It became disorganized, fell apart, and caused chaos
Term
How historians categorize the Middle Age timeframe. (Start and finish)
Definition
From after the fall of rome to the feudal collapse
Term
Differences between slaves and serfs.
Definition
Slaves were bought and traded by owners while serfs belonged to the land.
Term
Collapse of Charlemagne’s empire, the pattern of political life in western Europe
Definition
Feudalism
Term
Medieval universities and schools
Definition
They trained students in divinity, religion, law, and medicine
Term
Major lasing result of the Crusades
Definition
The gained learning, ideas, and technologies
Term
Scholars in the Middle Ages
Definition
Practiced rationalism, thought logically, and combined religion and reason
Term
Hanseatic League
Definition
Protected trade; was an early form of a merchant protectant group
Term
Compare western merchants with those in Muslim and Indian societies
Definition
Muslim and indian were viewed as a higher class
Term
What did later civilizations in Mesoamerica do with the previous accomplishments of the Olmecs and Maya
Definition
They borrowed and built on the previous accomplishments of the Olmecs and Maya. No one surpassed them in knowledge
Term
Religion in the Aztec period.
Definition
A combo of gods and forces of nature. They lived and strongly believed these dilusional ideas
Term
What were the chinampas?
Definition
Floating agricultural gardens in water to extend land and grow more crops
Term
Level of technological development, Aztec work and production
Definition
They had no draft animals and no wheels, the people did all of the work, meaning little to no technological development
Term
Demographics e of the Aztec Empire in around 1500.
Definition
They were densely populated and did not live in the cities.
Term
The system of split inheritance
Definition
After an emperors death, the power went to his successor and the money went to his sons
Term
Land in the Inca state
Definition
Was state owned and distributed to all of the citiczens.
Term
What is the period of political disorder and chaotic warfare that followed the Qin-Han era?
Definition
The Era of Division
Term
What was the capital of the southern Song dynasty?
Definition
Hangzhou
Term
Describe the urbanization in China during the Tang-Song era
Definition
Chinese urbanization mushroomed during the Tang-Song era with higher proportion of the population living in cities
Term
What was the dynasty that ended political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han?
Definition
Sui
Term
What made possible the rapid revival of empirer under the tang?
Definition
The rebuilding of the imperial bureaucreacy using Confucian ideas
Term
Who was the man responsible for the creation of the sui dynasty?
Definition
Wendi
Term
Which kingdom was conquered by Wendi in 589?
Definition
Chen
Term
What made the reunification of china under the first sui emperor possible?
Definition
The support of the nomadic warrior elite
Term
What was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first Sui emperoe?
Definition
The reconstruction of the COnfucian scholar-gentry
Term
Unlike his father, what did the second Sui emperor favor?
Definition
The Confucian scholar-gentry class
Term
What led to the downfall of the Sui dynasty?
Definition
Unsuccessful military campaigns
Term
Who was the founder of the Tang dynasty?
Definition
Li Yuan
Term
Describe the extent of the Tang empire
Definition
The tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han an empire whose boundaries in many directions extended beyond the borders of modern China
Term
What was the attitude of the Tang emperors toward the Confucian scholar-gentry?
Definition
The Tang supported the rebirth of the Confucian scholar-gentry, often at the expense of the aristocracy
Term
Members of the elite class of China were more attracted to what variant of Buddhism?
Definition
Chan
Term
What tang ruler actually attempted to have Buddhism recognized as a state religion?
Definition
Empress Wu
Term
What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhism's popularity with the people during the early Tang dynasty?
Definition
The Confucians' succsesful campain to convince the emperor that the buddist monastic establishment represented an economic threat
Term
In what decade did open persecution of Buddhism within the chinese empire begin?
Definition
840's
Term
What was the result of the imperial attempt by the Tang to suppress Buddhism within the Chinese empire?
Definition
Buddhism survived the repression, but in a reduced state without the political influence of the early Tang years
Term
What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhists?
Definition
Confucianism emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization untill the 20th century
Term
Which emperor's reign marked the high point of the Tang power?
Definition
Xuanzong
Term
Describe the position of the scholar-gentry under the Song dynasty
Definition
The domination of the scholar-gentry over its aristocratic and Buddhist rivals was fully secured in the Song era
Term
Who was the most prominent of the neo-Confucians during the Song era?
Definition
Zhu Xi
Term
Who was the founder of the Song dynasty?
Definition
Zhao Kuangyin
Term
The first Song emperor restored the unity of China EXCEPT for what northern dynasty?
Definition
Liao
Term
How did the Song empire compare to the Tang?
Definition
The Song empire was smaller in territorial extent than the Tang empire
Term
Wang Anshi, a prime minister in the 1070s and 1080s attempted to reform Song government on the basis of what confucian school of thought?
Definition
Legalism
Term
What caused the flight of the Song dynasty from its capital in northern China?
Definition
The invasions of the Jurchens who had formed the Qin kingdom
Term
Why was the constructio of the Grand Canal necessary?
Definition
The Yangtze River valley was becoming the major food-producing region of China by the late Tang era
Term
What was a primary difference between marriages, families, and households of the upper and lower classes in Tang-Song China?
Definition
Extended family households were more common in upper-class households than in lower class ones
Term
Give an accurate statement concerning the status of women in the Tang-Song era
Definition
The assertion of male dominance within the family was especially pronounced in the thinking of the neo-Confucian philosophers
Term
Give an accurate statement about Chinese landscape painting
Definition
Members of the ruling political elite in China produced many of the paintings in the Song era
Term
In what way did foot-binding serve to diminish the independence of Chinese women by the end of the Song era?
Definition
Foot binding sufficiently crippled women to effectively confine their mobility to their household
Term
Which of the intellectual schools was responsible for the production of most literary and artistic works during the Tang-Song era?
Definition
Confucian
Term
What artisian was responsible for the development of movable type?
Definition
Bi Sheng
Term
Who was the outstanding poet of the Tang era?
Definition
Li Bo
Term
During the Song dynasty, what was the intrest of Confucian intellectuals in nature most aparent in?
Definition
Their landsccape paintings
Term
What ministry of the central imperial government was responsible for the administration of the examination system?
Definition
Rites
Term
Who was the title of jinshi was reserved for?
Definition
The peope who passed the most difficult exams on Chinese literature
Term
Describe the entry into the Chinese bureaucracy
Definition
Birth and family connections continued to be important in securing high office
Term
What regions of Asia were most drawn to Chinese cultural and political models?
Definition
The agrarian societies in the East and South
Term
What is the name of the nature spirits of Japan?
Definition
Kami
Term
What religion played a key role in the transmission of Chinese civilizations to Japan?
Definition
Buddhism
Term
In which Japanese period was Chinese cultural influence most significant?
Definition
Taika
Term
What were the reforms enacted in 646 that intended to thoroughly inccorporate Chinese culture and political structure into Japanese society?
Definition
Taika
Term
What was the central purpose of the reforms of 646 in Japan?
Definition
To remake the Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor
Term
What group so threatened the security of the Japanese imperial court in the 8th century that the imperial family moved to Heian?
Definition
Buddhist monks
Term
What was the immediate impact of the imperial move to Heian?
Definition
The aristocracy was restored to counterbalance the power of the Buddhist monasteries and took over most of the positions in the central government.
Term
What was the military organization of the Heian government in Japan?
Definition
Local members of the arisocracy were ordered to organize militia forces
Term
Life in the imperial court at Heian was described in what Japanese novel?
Definition
Tale of Genji
Term
What appears to have been the primary concerns at the imperial Japanese court at Heian?
Definition
Social interacction and status
Term
By the middle of the 9th century, what aristocratic family exerted exceptional influence over imperial affairs at the Japanese court at Heian?
Definition
Fujiwara
Term
What were the warrior leaders in the 10th century in Japan who controlled provincial areas and ruled from small fortresses in the countryside called?
Definition
Bushi
Term
What were mounted troops owing loyalty to the military elite called?
Definition
Samurai
Term
Make an accurate statement concerning the nature of warfare among the bushi
Definition
In the absence of an imperial military force, law and order broke down leading both the emperor and high officials to hire provincial lords and their military retainers
Term
What was the impact of the rise of the samurai on the peasantry in Japan?
Definition
Japanese peasants were reduced to the status of the serfs bound to the land they worked
Term
By the 11th and 12th centuries, what was the status of the Japanese court aristocracy?
Definition
Aristocratic families at the court depended on alliances with the provincial warrior elite in order to exercise any power
Term
Between 1180 and 1185 the struggle between the two major provincial families, the Taira and the Minamoto, was decided in what wars?
Definition
Gempei
Term
The victory of the Minamoto in 1185 led to the creation of what?
Definition
The bakufu, or military government at Kamakura
Term
The victory of the Minamoto marks the beginning of what period in Japanese history?
Definition
The feudal age
Term
The development of regional power bases in Japan among the warrior elites of the countryside corresponded to what events in china?
Definition
The decline of the Tang dynasty
Term
What title was given to the military leader of the bakufu at Kamakura?
Definition
Shogun
Term
Make an accurate statement that describes the nature of the Japanese government following the death of Yoritomo
Definition
Real power rested in the hojo family who manipulatd the Minamoto shoguns, who in turn claimed to rule in the name of the emperor at kyoto
Term
During the period of the warring daimyos, what was the factor that led to a revival of Chinese influence on the cultural level?
Definition
Zen Buddhism
Term
What kingdom was successful in establishing a unified and independent government in korea?
Definition
Silla
Term
What is the list of the correct chronological sequence for the Korean dynasties?
Definition
Silla, Koryo, Mongol, Yi
Term
Make an accurate statement concerning the Korean bureaucracy under the influence of China
Definition
Korea established a Confucian examination system on the Chinese model, but admission to the bureaucracy was determined almost exclusively by birth rather than test scores
Term
What was the religious preference of the Korean elite?
Definition
Confucianism
Term
What was the political result of the Vietnamese drive to conquer regions south of the Red River basin?
Definition
The division of the Vietnamese into two kingdoms with capitals at Hue and Hanoi
Term
What was a critical factor in the failure of Chinese to conquer or assimlate the Vietnamese
Definition
The Vietnamese resistance to Chinese crossed both class and gender barriers
Term
Following the assertion of Vietnamese independence from China in the tenth century, what aspects of Chinese culture were retained by the Vietnamese rulers?
Definition
The Chinese administrative system based on the Confucian examination system
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