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i.Chapter 10 John Daollard and Neal Miller
Chapter 10 quiz(:
57
Psychology
Graduate
11/04/2013

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Term
learned
Definition
Miller and Dollard beleive that most behavior is _________.
Term
radical behaviorism/cognitive psychology
Definition
Because Dollard and Miller embraced this moderate form of behaviorism as theor model for explaining psychoanalytic phenomena, their work can be seen as representing the transition from the ____________ of Watson and Skinner to contemporary _______________
Term
Biofeedback
Definition
the use of some mechanical device, such as an auditory signal or flashing light, to provide individuals with information about the functioning of one or more of their internal biological processes.
Term
reinforcement
Definition
In Hull's theory of learning, drive reduction constitutes this ____________.
Term
Drive Reduction
Definition
Constitutes reinforcement in Hull's theory
Term
Drive reduction
Definition
this happens when a stimulus reduces a certain drive that you may have. This is the only way that a stimulus can be considered a reinforcer.
Term
reinforcer
Definition
a stimulus capable of reducing a drive
Term
habbit
Definition
an association between a stimulus and a response
Term
rat, and neurotic human who seeks proffessional help
Definition
These are the two best sources of unformation about the normal human personality according to Dollard and Miller
Term
Hull's heory of learning
Definition
Dollard and Miller followed this. This theory equates reinforcement with drive reduction. In other words, for learning to take palce, the organism must engage in an activity that leads to the elimination or reduction of a need.
Term
drive,cue,response,and reinforcement
Definition
the four concepts that Dollard and Miller borrowed from Hull's Theory of Learning.
Term
drive
Definition
any strong stimulus that impels an organism to action and whose elimination or reduction is reinforcing.
Term
aquired drive
Definition
drive that is learned, not innate. Fear is an example of this.
Term
aquired drives
Definition
primary drives are the building blocks of personality, and all _________ultimately depend on them.
Term
cue
Definition
a stimulus that indicates the appropriate direction an activity should take. These things guide behavior
Term
response
Definition
these are elicited by the drive and cues present and are aimed at reducing or eliminating the drive.
Term
learning
Definition
the rearangement of response probabilities as new conditions emerge or as old conditions change.
Term
drive
Definition
reward is impossible in the absence of a ____________
Term
habbit
Definition
if a cue leads to a response and the response leads to reinforcement, the association between the cue and the response will be strengthened. If this process is repeated, eventually the organism will develop a strong habbit.
Term
reinforcement theory
Definition
in order to learn one must want something, notice something, do something, and get something.
Term
habbit family heiarchy
Definition
a group of responses elicited by a single stimulus that are arranged in accordance with their probability of occurance.
Term
innate heirarchy of responses
Definition
habbit family heiarchy that is genetically determined.
Term
dominant response
Definition
this is the response most likely to occur at any given time. This is also the response that has been the most successful in bringing about drive reduction
Term
initial hierarchy of responses
Definition
prior to learning experience, the arrangement of responses that are elicited by a cue are called?
Term
resultant hiearchy of responses
Definition
after learning has occured the revised arrangement of responses are called ?
Term
learning dilema
Definition
contention that for learning to occur, both innate responses and previously learned responses must be ineffective in solving a problem. Therefore learning is said to depend on failure.
Term
gradient of reinforcement
Definition
the observation that if a series of responses lead to reinforcement, the last response in the series will be strengthned the most, then the second to last, etc.
Term
conditioned fear reaction
Definition
learning to fear something that was not previously feared.
Term
stimulus generalization
Definition
tendency for stimuli other than the stimulus present in the learning process to elicit a learned response. The more similar these stimuli are to the one actually used in the learning process, the greater the probability is that they will elicit a learned response.
Term
discrimination
Definition
opposite of generalization. that is, stimuli similar to the stimulus in the learning process do not elicit a learned response.
Term
primary generalization
Definition
based on the physical similarity among stimuli. The closer two stimuli are in theor physical attributes, the greater the probablity is that they will elicit the same response
Term
secondary generalization
Definition
based on verbal labels, not on the physical similairty among stimuli.
Term
conflict
Definition
situation in which two or more incompatible response tendencies exsist simultaneously.
Term
approach-approach conflict
Definition
exists when two equally attractivve people ask someone fora date on the same night or when one is both hungry and sleepy. This is a conflict between two positive gials that are equally attractive at the same time
Term
avoidance-avoidance approach
Definition
here the person must choose between two negative goals.  two types: 1. vacillation or indescision 2. escape.
Term
aproach avoidance conflict
Definition
here the person is both atracted to and reppelled by the same goal.
Term
double approach avoidance conflict
Definition
here the person has ambivlent feelings about two goal objects.
Term
displacement
Definition
act of substituting one goal for another when the primary goal is not available or feared.
Term
displaces agression
Definition
agression toward a substitute person or object when the actual subject of agression is either not available or is feared.
Term
frustration agression hypothesis
Definition
originally the contention that frustration always leads to agression and agression results only from frustration. Later modified to state that agression is only one of several possible reactions to frustration.
Term
frustration
Definition
that condition that exsists when a goal response sufferes interference
Term
agression
Definition
an act whose goal response is injury to an organism.
Term
first signal system
Definition
physical stimuli that precede biologically significant events allowing their anticipation and thus apropriate responses to them.
Term
second signal system
Definition
according to Pavlov, the verbal lables that symbolize environmental events
Term
cue producing responses
Definition
images, perceptions and words, the main functions of which are to determine subsequent behavior. Thinking is an example of this.
Term
reasoning
Definition
attempted solution of an immediate problem through the use of cue producing responses rather than through overt trial and error.
Term
planning
Definition
use of cur producing responses in attempting to solve some future problem.
Term
supression
Definition
actively putting an anxiety provoking thought out of one's mind. This is reinforced by the escape from anxiety
Term
repression
Definition
learned response of "not thinking" an anxiety provoking thought. The reinforcemnt for this response comes from the avoidance of anxiety.
Term
repression, supression
Definition
_____________ is triggered when unnacceptable material starts to emerge from the unconsious, and _______________ is triggered when such material is already conscious.
Term
neurosis
Definition
condition that causes a person to function at less than maxiamal efficiency, which typically results from unconcious conflict that originated in early childhood.
Term
psychotherapy
Definition
for Dollard and Miller, a situation in which repressed conflicts can be unlearned, that is, extinguished.
Term
anger-anxiety conflicts
Definition
they want to be agressive but inhibit this impulse because of fear of punishment. this may result in being to passive to compete successfully in odern society.
Term
cleanliness training
Definition
this has to do with how you potty train your child. The way in which you go about training them can have serious negative consequences on your child.
Term
early sex training
Definition
often such behavior as masturbating which is the first sexual experiences for most children, elicits physical punishments or such terms as nasty and dirty. the sex drive is innate but the fear of sexual thoughts and activities is learned in childhood.
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