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Hypothalamus and Pituitary 2
Downstate > MS2 Endocrine > Hypothalamus and Pituitary (Leibovitz)
36
Medical
Graduate
03/04/2011

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Term
TRH stimulates secretion of...
Definition
TSH and PRL
Term
PRL secretion is increased by...
Definition
TRH and VIP
Term
What stimulates ACTH secretion?
Definition
CRH and ADH
Term
dopamine inhibits...
Definition
TSH and PRL
Term
definition of poikilothermia
Definition
body temperature varies with environmental temperature
Term
deletion of genes on paternal chromosome 15; dx?
Definition
Pradar-Willi syndrome
Term
hypogonadism, obesity of subcutaneous fat; dx?
Definition
Pradar-Willi syndrome
Term
obesity and retinal pigmentosa; dx?
Definition
Bardet-Biedl
Term
the hypothalamus surrounds the ___ ventricle
Definition
3rd
Term
posterior pituitary secretes...
Definition
vasopressin and oxytocin
Term
effects of GH (3)
Definition
insulin resistance, lipolysis, IGF-1 production
Term
levels of GH is highest at ___ and ___ in a person's lifetime
Definition
birth and puberty
Term
stress and sleep [increases/decreases] GH
Definition
increases
Term
DM, anorexia nervosa, renal failure, and liver failure [increase/decrease] GH
Definition
increase
Term
serotonin [increases/decreases] PRL
Definition
increases
Term
what is the first abnormality to occur in ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors?
Definition
loss of circadian regulation
Term
inhibin is produced by ___ and inhibits ___
Definition
ovaries/testes; FSH
Term
GnRH is used clinically for...(3)
Definition
medical castration, amenorrhea, metastatic prostate cancer
Term
goiter formation requires...
Definition
TSH
Term
estrogen [increases/decreases] cortisol binding globulin
Definition
increases
Term
hot flashes are seen in [primary/secondary] gonadal failure
Definition
primary
Term
how does PRL inhibit LH release?
Definition
PRL changes GnRH release
Term
effect of PRL on testosterone
Definition
PRL decreases testosterone
Term
what is the pathogenesis of a pt with primary hypothyroidism and his presenting complaint of galactorrhea?
Definition
low T3/T4 -> high TSH, high TRH; TRH -> PRL -> galactorrhea
Term
cabergoline
Definition
dopamine agonist; tx for PRL tumors
Term
what test is used for screening for Cushing's syndrome?
Definition
overnight dexamethasone test
Term
metabolically, GH is similar to [insulin/glucagon]
Definition
glucagon
Term
surgery for acromegaly pituitary tumor is curative in __% of pts
Definition
50%
Term
GH receptor antagonist
Definition
pegvisomant
Term
differential for hypotonic polyuria
Definition
1. drinking a lot of water (primary)
2. central diabetes insipidus
3. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Term
3 forms of hereditary diabetes insipidus
Definition
1. autosomal dominant central DI: vasopressin mutation
2. X-linked nephrogenic DI: vasopressin receptor mutation
3. autosomal recessive nephrogenic DI: aquaporin-2 mutation
Term
hypotonic polyuria without polydypsia; dx?
Definition
essential hypernatremia
Term
pt in motor vehicle accident shows signs of SIADH; dx?
Definition
triphasic diabetes insipidus
Term
pathogenesis of triphasic diabetes insipidus
Definition
acute injury to posterior pituitary causes release of ADH from storage -> hyponatremia; when stores are depleted, ADH secretion falls -> hypotonic polyuria polydypsia = diabetes insipidus
Term
tx for central diabetes insipidus
Definition
desmopressin
Term
tx for nephrogenic DI
Definition
diuretics (to tx hypernatremia, not polyuria)
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