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Humanities Test 5
19th c., Realism, Impressionism, Post Impressionism,
74
Art History
11th Grade
04/22/2009

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Term
Auguste Comte applied...
Definition
Enlightenment philosophy
Term
August Comte created...
Definition
sociology
Term
Sociology is...
Definition
the study of human society
Term
Charles Darwin wrote...
Definition
On the Origin of Species
Term
Charles Darwin's key beliefs were...
Definition
1. life is a struggle for existence
2. humans evolved from primate family
3. humans are integral part of natural world
Term
Herbert Spencer combined...
Definition
natural science & sociology (social darwinism)
Term
What was symbolized by the Crystal Palace?
Definition
Great Exhibition of 1851 (showed inventions & spread ideas)
Term
Karl Marx wrote...
Definition
Communist Manifesto
Term
Friedrih Nietzche desired...
Definition
spiritual & intellectual freedom
Term
w/ the help of Fredrich Engels, Communist Manifesto states...
Definition
humans must destroy gov't & personal property
Term
Friedrich Nietzche attacked...
Definition
roots of W. civilization
Term
The roots of W. civilization are...
Definition
Greco-Roman & Judeo-Christian
Term
The women's movement grew out of...
Definition
the abolitionist movement
Term
the two main figures in the women's movement were...
Definition
Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Term
Which document was based on the Declaration of Independence?
Definition
Declaration of Rights & Sentiments (women)
Term
What is the most important in Realism?
Definition
novels
Term
What is the purpose of Realism?
Definition
show life as it actually is
Term
Who were often the subject of Realism?
Definition
lower class
Term
Realism lit. was influenced by...
Definition
1. rising literacy of the middle class
2. spread of journalism
Term
Alhazen invented...
Definition
Camera Obscura (dark room)
Term
Balzac wrote...and was from...
Definition
The Human Comedy (based on Divine Comedy)... France
Term
Flaubert wrote... and was from...
Definition
Madame Bovary (shows dangers of Romanticism)... France
Term
What was so popular about Charles Dickens?... and he was from...
Definition
1. partially autobiographical works
2. serialized... England
Term
Thackery hated... wrote... which alludes to... and is about... and was from...
Definition
materialism... Vanity Fair... Pilgrim's Progress... about Victorian smugness w/ material "progress"... England
Term
Mark Twain wrote... and was from...
Definition
Huckleberry Finn... U.S.
Term
Dostoevsky thought...
Definition
salvation only came from suffering
Term
The purpose of Naturalism is...
Definition
1. to show how people are limited by their environment
2. religion, class, ethnicity, gender, & race
3. shows limits of free will
Term
Naturalism is influenced by...
Definition
1. Social Darwinism
2. Realism (subjects talso lower class)
Term
Dreiser wrote...
Definition
(Naturalism) "Sister Carrie"
Term
Stephen Crane wrote...
Definition
(Naturalism) "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets"
Term
The purpose of Symbolism was...
Definition
to capture only images of life, not everything
Term
Symbolism is influenced by...
Definition
haiku
Term
Baudelaire wrote... which showed... he influenced...
Definition
"Les fleurs du Mals"... 1. the reality of urban life
2. beauty in ugliness of modern life... Manet
Term
Niepce learns... him & his son worked with...
Definition
how to make image permanent (1st photograph 1826)... Daguerre
Term
Daguerre & Niepce invent... which causes...
Definition
daguerrotype - on metal, no duplicates, one positive image, no negatives... portraits to become popular
Term
Talbot invents...
Definition
calotype - negative/positive process
Term
Muybridge is the 1st to...
Definition
photograph movement (horse race, bet)
Term
Eastmen invents... which is important because...
Definition
the kodak camera... available to the public
Term
Impressionism is influenced by...
Definition
1. Japanese wood block prints
2. Realism
3. photography
4. industry in city (don't turn back on it)
Term
Millet... was part of which movement...
Definition
REALISM
1. Barbazon school artist
2. peasants working w/ soil
3. natural light
4. Gleaners (women pick up left behind pieces of harvest)
Term
Corot.. was part of which movement...
Definition
REALISM
1. classical
2. paints outdoors
3. real things, real light, truthful
Term
Daubigny... was part of which movement...
Definition
REALISM
1. reflection of light off water
2. forerunner of Impressionism
3. uses unblended images
Term
Courbet... was part of which movement...
Definition
REALISM
1. true leader of Realism
2. Direct visual experience
3. Natural color, neobaroque
Term
Realism style...
Definition
1. natural sunlight
2. paint what you see
3. less detailed
4. painterly close brush strokes
5. no drawing
Term
Realism subject matter...
Definition
1. peasants (not history or imagination)
2. against industry
3. common life
4. landscapes
Term
impressionism style ...
Definition
1. optical mixing
2. natural color and sunlight
3. loose brushwork
4. vibrant bright colors
5. no strong emotion or drama
Term
Describe Edouard Manet's individual style
Definition
1. middle class infulence
2. pure painting
Term
Describe Claude Monet's style
Definition
1. optical mixing
2. leader of impressionate style
3. interested in natural sunlight and landscape
Term
Describe Pierre Auguste Renoir's style
Definition
1. painting with monet
2. LOVES the figure
3. more delicate brush style
Term
Describe Berthe Morisot's style
Definition
IMPRESSIONISM paints middle class women and housewives
Term
Describe Edgar Degas's style SLUT..
Definition
1. likes drawing
2. indoor theatrical lighting, NO natural sunlight
3. subject = the ballet
Term
Describe Camille Pissarro's style HO
Definition
1. more sense of depth
2. experimental, contrasting colors
Term
Describe Mary Cassatt's Style...
Definition
1. Subject mother and child
2. brings impressionism to U.S.
3. paints in Paris
Term
Describe James Abbott Mcneill Whistler style..
Definition
1. philosophy : art for artsake
2. usa to london
Term
Post-Impressionism style includes..
Definition
a more individual movement, artist go in their own direction
Term
Post-impressionism infulences
Definition
still influenced by Jap. Block Painting and photography
Term
Post-Impressionism subject matter..
Definition
to choose something out of impressionism, to build their own
Term
Describe how Paul Cezanne changed impressionism.. poop face
Definition
1. all forms of nature based on a cone, sphere, or cylinder
2. underlying geometry to nature
3. adds structure
Term
Descrive how George Seurat changed impressionism.. loser
Definition
1. art should be based on a system
2. to be neo-impressionism
3. based on optical mixing called, POINTILISM
Term
Describe how Vincent Van Gogh changed Impressionism..
Definition
added emotion w/... 1. brush strokes 2. contrasting color 3. distorted perspective
Term
Describe how Paul Gauguin changed impressionism...
Definition
1. adds religious symbolism
2. unnatural color
Term
Describe how Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec changed Impressionism..
Definition
1. he created posters for commercial use ( 1st time )
2. expert draftmen
3. expressive use of line
Term
Influences of Realism ART...
Definition
1. Barbazon school 2. rejection of Neo classicism & romanticism 3. history has no meaning, imagination is for dreamers
Term
Chopin wrote... was interested in... combined... was rarely...
Definition
piano music, waltzes, nocturnes, & polonaises... interested in new musical form... German classicism, Italian bel canto, Polish folk music... dramatic
Term
Franz Liszt was... the 1st person to... wrote...
Definition
most brilliant pianist of the late 19th c.... use the term recital... Hungarian Rhapsodies, symphonies Dante & Faust
Term
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was the... his music was filled w/... wrote... his orchestral pieces were...
Definition
greatest Russian composer... Russian folk music... ballets: nutcracker & sleeping beauty... Romeo & Juliet, 1812 overture
Term
Brahms wrote... his tone color was... sometimes called...
Definition
1 orchestral work... Double Concerto for violin & cello... rich, dark... last classical composer
Term
Wagner used... called his operas... wrote...
Definition
leitmotivs: important character, objects, places & ideas that have musical motive... "music dramas" because the action is continuous... Ring of Nebelung
Term
What were the changes from before Impressionism to during Impressionism????? MUSIC
Definition
1. systems govern pitch vs. no system to govern pitch 2. organized on central tone vs. relationships unique to each piece 3. builds on listener's expectations vs. does not rely on listeners expectations 4. great demands are made of listener vs. great demands are made of listener
Term
Mahler wrote... his music reflects...
Definition
programmatic music... search for life's meaning
Term
Debussy created... wrote... which he described as...
Definition
pictorial images... "La Mer" (the sea)... 3 harmonic sketches
Term
Faure influenced...
Definition

IMPRESSIONISM MUSIC

the teaching of George Gershwin & Haron Copland

Term
Stravinsky wrote...
Definition
The Rite of Spring (for the Ballet Russes), the premier caused a riot
Term
Ravel...
Definition
1. mom from Spain
2. painted idealized picture of Spaine
3. part of "Society of Outcasts" (progressive musicians)
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