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Humanities Test 4
final exam!
68
History
Undergraduate 1
04/19/2009

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Term
Hierarchy
Definition
Any vertical arrangement of things by rank or importance. They are a way of life; the medieval worldview views the universe as rigid and unchanging.
Term
date of "hierarchy" in the later middle ages
Definition
1000-1500
Term
                is the "period of balance"
Definition
late medieval ages
Term
example of hierarchy in religion
Definition
Medieval Catholic church developed into a powerful hierarchy
Term
example of hierarchy in architecture
Definition
Verticality of the gothic cathedral reflects hierarchal power and authority.
Term
examples of hierarchy in political and social structures
Definition

Medieval society was divided into "3 estates"

1)kings

2)commoners

3)the church 

Term
3 stages of the afterlife
Definition

1)inferno

2)pergatory

3)paradise

Term
  • Adventure stories (novels) tht sometimes included romantic plots
  • Ex:Arthurian Romance; Holy Grail; Tristan and Isolde
Definition
Romance
Term

rigid hierarchy means......

Definition
that no one can change their position
Term
What were the crusades?
Definition
They were a series of military adventures in which the medieval Christendom tried to win back the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Term
only "successful" crusade in that Jerusalem was captured and held for a generation
Definition
first crusade (1096-1099)
Term
date of first crusade
Definition
1096-1099
Term
mounting a Crusade involved tapping into the resources of both Church and State, political tensions were greatly increased. What kind of impact is this? 
Definition
Political Impact
Term
Second Crusade
Definition
1147-1148
Term
Rediscovery of classical texts from the Arabs is known as what type of impact?
Definition
Intellectual Impact
Term
........ impact is when trade routes were opened up with the Middle East
Definition
Economic Impact
Term
......... Impact was the growing affluence and emergence of the middle class.  
Definition
Social Impact
Term
What is the most significant thing to know about the emergence of the western culture?
Definition
the emergence of the middle class
Term
the 3 ways of identifying a "paradigm"
Definition

1) structured sets

2) "worldview" in that its a structure you can plug info into to get answers from

3) Think of it as a software program in which you key in data to get usable info from it

Term
what does the culture-epoch theory predict?
Definition
that chaos will follow balance
Term
what century is thought to be the worst?
Definition
14th century
Term
10% of population died in ........
Definition
the famine
Term
...... killed 30% of the population
Definition
the Black Death
Term
What does the formula for Greek Humanism begin with?
Definition
introspection (self-discovery)
Term
Who stated "know thyself"?
Definition
Socrates
Term
the formula for Greek Humanism ends with what?
Definition
projection (rationalism)
Term
Who stated "man is the measure of all things"?
Definition
Protagoras
Term
What was the positive effect of renaissance humanism?
Definition
The dignity and worth of human life was "rescued" from the false dualistic views of medieval culture.
Term
Mirandola's "Oration" illustrated the negative side of renaissance humanism
Definition
  • 1486
  • "Pico della Mirandola"
  • humanist and Christian
  • "as though the maker and molder of thyself..." (self-made man)
  • "to be reborn into the higher forms, which are divine"
Term
what is an Atmospheric Perspective?
Definition
an optical phenomenon where distant objects appear smaller and less clear.
Term
What is the example of hierarchy in religion?
Definition
  • Medieaval Catholic Church developed into a powerful hierarchy.
Term
What is a Linear Perspective?
Definition
The use of straight lines to create the illusion of 3-dimensionality
Term
Leonardo DaVinci's "The Annunciation" 
Definition
  • c. 1475
  • horizon line (our visual apparatus toward the world)
  • orthogonal lines (blocks,tiles,etc); they intersect at the vanishing point

 

Term
What are the 4 characteristics of Renaissance art?
Definition
  1. Revival of interest in All Things Classical
  2. Emergence of the Modern Concept of "Individual"
  3. Capturing in art a Dramatic Moment
  4. The development of Perspective
Term
Who are the 2 artists involved in the revival of interest in all things classical?
Definition
  1. Boticelli
  2. Raphael
Term
Who are the 2 artists associated with the emergence of the modern concept of "individual"?
Definition
  1. Boticelli
  2. Jan van Eyck
Term
What 2 artists are associated with capturing in art a dramatic moment?
Definition
  1. DaVinci
  2. Michelangelo
Term
What 2 artists are associated with the development of perspective?
Definition
  1. Masaccio
  2. Da Vinci
Term
What picture did Boticelli paint for revival of interest in all things classical?
Definition

radical painting, "The Birth of Venus" c.1485

typical painting, "Cimabue, Madonna & Child Enthroned) c.1280

Term
What 2 perspectives are seen in Masaccio's painting of "The Tribute Money"? 
Definition
  1. Atmospheric perspective
  2. Linear perspective
Term
Example of hierarchy in theology
Definition
  • Dante's "Divine Comedy": theological picture of the cosmos, arranged as a hierarchy from heaven to purgatory hell.
Term
Example of hierarchy from philosophy
Definition
Philosophers use the term "A great chain of being" means that everything God created is connected and ranked.
Term
Example of hierarchy in architecture:
Definition
  • Verticality of the gothic cathedral reflects hierarchal power & authority.
Term
Examples of hierarchy in political and social structures:
Definition

Medieval society divided into 3 estates:

  1. Kings
  2. Commoners
  3. the Church
Term
What 2 things are especially surprising about medieval literature?
Definition
  • diversity
  • lack of morality
Term
Lyrics
Definition
  • all about love
Term
Troubadours
Definition
French musicians
Term
Minnesingers
Definition
German musicians
Term
In what country was the sonnet developed?
Definition
Italy
Term
Epic
Definition
  • Beuwolf
  • Nibelungenlied
  • Song of Roland
  • Elcid
Term
When did the first crusade take place?
Definition
1096-1099
Term
Where did Beuwolf take place?
Definition
Anglo-Saxon England
Term
Where did the Nibelungenlied take place?
Definition
Medieval Germany
Term
Where did the Song of Roland take place?
Definition
Medieval France
Term
Where did Elcid take place?
Definition
Medieval Spain
Term
Romance
Definition
  • adventure stories that sometimes included romantic plots
  • Exs: Arthurian Romance; Holy Grail; Tristan and Isolde 
Term
Religious Works
Definition
  • Homilies: collections of sermons
  • this was very popular
Term
Secular Stories
Definition
  • "Dirty Stories," aka "fabilaux"
  • Ex: Chaucer's "The Miller's Tale"
Term
Medieval Drama
Definition
  • Mystery Plays (reinactment of Bible stories)
  • Miracle plays
  • Morality plays(like Everyman)
  • Spiritual Allegory: battle of good & evil
Term
what IS the Renaissance?
Definition
  • Rediscovery of learning and knowledge
Term
Modern/Horizontal worldview
Definition
truth is grounded in one's own individual experience of the world, not in some authority like the Church or the Bible.
Term
Medieval/Vertical worldview
Definition
  • How do you know something is "true"?
  • On what basis do you seek to have a relationship w/God?
Term
Third Crusade
Definition
1189-1192
Term
Fourth Crusade
Definition
1202-1204
Term
Political Impact of Crusades
Definition
  • Since mounting a crusade involved tapping into the resources of both Church & State, political tensions were increased.  
Term
Intellectual Impact of Crusades
Definition
  • Rediscovery of Classical Texts from the Arabs, who were intellectually advanced (unintended consequence)
Term
Economic Impact of the crusades
Definition
  • New trade routes were opened up with the Middle East, (European cuisine; spice routes) wealth was created
Term
Social Impact of crusades
Definition
  • Growing affluence & the emergence of the middle class (small part)
  • Puritans, merchants, begin colonizing, becoming wealthiest part of western culture.  
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