Shared Flashcard Set

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Humanism
Notes from the personality puzzle sixth edition
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/04/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

What is throwness?

Definition

 



An important basis of your experience is your thrownness Heidegger used the German word Geworfenheit. This term refers to the time, place, and circumstances into which you happened to be born

 

Term

 

 

 

 

What is the classic argument of humanism and what are its implications?

 

Definition

 


argued the mind  is fundamentally different because the human mind is aware.

 

two implications, psychology needs to address this unique phenomenon of awareness and Second self-awareness brings to the fore many uniquely human phenomena that do not arise such as willpower, reflective thinking and introspection

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What are the eight characteristics of humanism and their defnitions?

 

Definition

 

The eight characteristics are: humanistic, holistic, historic, phenomenological, Real life, Positivity, Will & value

 

Humanistic Study of humans, not animals

 

Holistic Human system is greater than sum of its parts

 

Historic Whole person from birth to death

 

Phenomenological Focus on interior, experiential, and existential aspects of personality

 

Real life Person in nature, society, and culture—not the experimental lab

 

Positivity Joy, fruitful activities, virtuous actions and attributes

 

Will Choices, decisions, voluntary actions

 

Value A philosophy of life that describes what is desirable

 

Term

 

 

 

 

What is a construal? What approach are construal’s associated with and what is the assumption of that approach?

 

Definition

 


Your particular experience of the world is called your construal forms the basis of how you live your life

 

Associated with the phenomenological approaches that  assume that immediate, conscious experience is all that matters broader reality might exist, but only the part of it that you perceive matters

 

Term

 



What research method did Wilhelm Wundt primarily use and when was his laboratory first opened

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

The primary method he followed was introspection first opened in 19th century

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is Existentialism and what is it composed of?

 

Definition

 

began in Europe in the mid-1800s.

 

existentialism begins with the experience of the single individual at a single moment in time. All else, it claims, is illusion

 

existential questions are: What is the nature of existence? How does it feel? And what does it mean?

 

Composed of The Three Parts of Experience which are biological, social and psychological experience

 

is biological experience, or Umwelt, which consists of the sensations you feel by virtue of being a biological organism.

 

social experience, or Mitwelt, which consists of what you think and feel as a social being.

 

Third component is inner, psychological experience, or Eigenwelt. In a sense, this is the experience of experience itself.

 

Term

 



What problems are associated with Existentialism?

 

Definition

 

existential anxiety : The unpleasant feelings caused by contemplating these

 

existential questions are: Why am I here? and What should I be doing

 

ignoring existential issues is very common it has three problems

 

to ignore these troubling facts of existence amounts to selling your soul for comfort. (Living in bad faith)

 

even if you manage to ignore troubling existential issues by surrounding yourself with material comforts, you still will not be happy.

 

Impossible to ignore as because choosing not to worry still a choice

 

Term

 

 

 

 

According to Existentialism what is the essence of human discovery? What is this approach to life called?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

The discovery that every person is alone and doomed to die. This approach/acceptance is called authentic existence and entails being honest, insightful, and morally correct.

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What does Buddhism teach and what is the key idea?

 

Definition

 

teaches that What feels like your “self” is merely a temporary composite of many things—including your physiology, environment, social setting, and society—all of which are constantly changing.

 

The key idea of Buddhism is anatta, or “nonself,” the idea that the independent, singular self merely an illusion

 

everything and everyone are interconnected now, and not only in this moment but also across time.

All consciousness and all of time have equal claim to existence and are equally important

Term

 

 

 

 

 

In Buddhism what is enlightenment, how is it achieved and what does it lead to?

 

Definition

 


Enlightenment is the essence of wisdom and is achieved through caring for others the same as for yourself, which leads to universal compassion

 

Achieved through embracing the ideas of anitta that the independent self is an illusion and anicca the idea that nothing lasts forever

 

leads to a serene, selfless state called nirvana

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the basis of Optimistic Humanism?

 

Definition

 



began with the standard existential assumption  that experience is central and that people have free will and added idea that people are basically good

 

Term

 

 

 

 

What Humanist approach did Carl Rogers and Maslow found and what are the components on Roger’s take on it?

 

Definition

 

Optimistic Humanism

 

Carl Roger’s take focused on Self Actualization the organism has one basic tendency and striving—to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism

 

This need has much in common with Freud’s notion of libido

 

person can be understood only from the perspective of their phenomenal field,

 

Term

 




What does Maslow’s approach consist of? What applications does it have?

 

Definition

 

Hierarchy of Needs

 

begins with the same basic assumption as Rogers’s claimed that self-actualization motive becomes active only if the person’s more basic needs are met first.

 

human motivation is characterized by a hierarchy of needs

 

a person requires food, water, safety, and the other essentials of survival then sex, meaningful relationships, prestige, money and finally self-actualization

 

applied to issues of employee motivation and is used to explain how people in different cultures may have different bases of happiness.

 

Term

 



What concept do both Roger’s and Maslow’s theory contain and how does it differ in the two theories?

 

Definition

 

The concept of a fully functioning person faces the world without fear, self-doubt, or neurotic defenses

 

Rogers believed this was only possible if unconditional positive regard from the important people in your life, especially during childhood was received

 

if you feel that other people value you only if you are smart, successful, attractive, or good, then, you will develop conditions of worth Conditions of worth limit your freedom to act and think

Maslow believed that anybody from any background could become a fully functioning person

Term

 

 

 


How is Roger’s theories applied to psychotherapy?

 

Definition

 

Goal is to help the client become a fully functioning person. To achieve this goal, the therapist develops a genuine and caring relationship

 

The therapist’s job is to help the client perceive his own thoughts and feelings without the therapist seeking to change them in any way, and to make the client feel appreciated no matter what he thinks, says, or does

 

two problems First, the results seem to be about equally due to changes in clients’ ideal views as to changes in their self-views.  Second describing oneself as highly similar to one’s idea of a perfect person is not always a good measure of psychological adjustment

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Describe Personal constructs and Kelly’s contribution

 

Definition

 


Kelly’s contribution was to emphasize how one’s cognitive system assembles one’s various construals of the world into individually held theories

 

personal constructs  are theories on the world based on construals. help determine how new experiences are construed

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

How are personal constructs viewed and how are they determined?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

viewed as bipolar dimensions

 

assessed using the Role Construct Repertory test (REP)

 

The Rep test asks you to identify three people who are or have been important in your life. Then it asks you to describe how any two of them seem similar to each other and different from the third.

 

you follow the same process with three important ideas, three traits you admire, and so on.

 

 In each case, the question is the same: How are two of these similar to each other and different from the third

 

that the ways you discriminate among these objects, people, and ideas reveal the constructs through which you view the world.

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Where do personal constructs come from?

 

Definition

 



comes from the sum of your experiences and perceptions

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is sociality corollary?

 

Definition

 



the sociality corollary,  understanding another person means understanding her personal construct system

 

Term

 

 

 

 


What is the basic lesson of Kelly’s theory? Define Constructive Alternativism

 

Definition

 

 

 

Basic lesson is you choose the construals you use

 

Constructive altenativism means that your personal reality does not simply exist apart from you; you construct it in your mind. Furthermore, you can always choose to reconstruct reality differently

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the satisficing goal and what is it’s second goal?

 

Definition

 



satisficing goal is doing what you want as long as you can pay for it

 

second goal maintains that you must maximize your gain, and that unless you make as much money as possible, you have failed. This is an optimizing goal.

 

Term

 

 

 

 

What is flow and who proposed this?

 

Definition

 

The subjective experience of an autotelic activity—the enjoyment itself—is flow

 

Established by Csikszentmihalyi

 

the experience of flow is characterized by tremendous concentration, total lack of distractibility, and thoughts concerning only the activity at hand

 

flow arises when the challenges an activity presents are well matched with your skills.

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What opposing concept to Flow did Maddi propose?

 

Definition

 

 

 

hardiness, a lifestyle that embraces rather than avoids potential sources of stress.

 

Properly approached, stressful and challenging experiences can bring learning, growth, and wisdom, and dealing with them successfully is an important part of what gives life meaning

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

In what ways can happiness be sought? (self-detemination theory)

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Through maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain or through seeking a deeper meaning to life by pursuing important goals, building relationship and taking responsibility for life choices

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

who came up with SDT and what ae the names of the two routes to happiness?

 

Definition

 

DECI AND RYAN

 

Maximizing pleasure/reducing pain is known as hedonia

 

Hedonia is dangerous as The more one seeks  to maximize pleasure and minimize pain the more one risks a life without significant meaning

 

Eudaimonia is finding and seeking intrinsic goals

 

there are three central intrinsic goals, according to SDT.

 

Autonomy means finding your own way in life and making your own decisions.

 

Competence involves finding something you are good at, and becoming better.

 

Relatedness means establishing meaningful and satisfying ties to other people

 

According to SDT you must attain all three of these intrinsic goals to become a fully-functioning person

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the goal of Positive Psychology?

 

Definition

 

 

 

Correct long-standing overemphasis on psychopathology and malfunction

 

positive psychology focuses on phenomena such as “positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions” to improve quality of life

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

How is Positive Psychology conducted?

 

Definition

 


investigate the traits, processes, and social institutions that promote a happy and meaningful life. Focus on positive subjective experience

 

investigates the benefits of explaining and anticipating events from an optimistic viewpoint

 

focusses on identifying and promoting strengths

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

How are attributes determined to be virtues and what are the six key virtues?

 

Definition

 

their attributes whose universality suggests they are evolutionarily based

 

six key virtues are courage, justice, humanity, temperance, wisdom and transcendence

 

Courage

 

Emotional strengths that involve the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of opposition;

 

 examples include bravery, perseverance, and honesty.

 

Justice

 

Strengths that underlie healthy community life;

 

 examples include fairness, leadership, and teamwork

 

Humanity

 

 Strengths that involve protecting and taking care of others;

 

examples include love and kindness.

 

Temperance

 

 Strengths that protect against excess;

 

 examples include forgiveness, humility, prudence, and self-control.

 

Wisdom

 

Strengths that entail the acquisition and use of knowledge;

 

 examples include creativity,curiosity, judgment, and perspective.

 

Transcendence

 

Strengths that give meaning to life by connecting to the larger universe;

 

examples include gratitude, hope, and spirituality.

 

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