: the expression of gender identity in social behavior

- what clothes we wear

- how we walk and talk

- what sex we claim to be

: a framework of ideas about gender that influences perceptions, judgments, and memories

- highly polarized schemas of masculinity and femininity

: a female-to-male transexual

- as young girls, they say they are boys or insist they want to become boys

- in puberty, they resent developing signs of womanhood and seek to hide them

- in adulthood, they are usually sexually attracted to women

: a male-to-female transexual

1. opp. of transmen. sex reassignment ASAP

2. - sexually attracted to women, heterosexual to their birth sex

- fetishistic elements in their interest in women

- aroused by wearing women's clothes

- want to incorporate the object of attraction into themselves

- take lessons on how to be a woman as it does not come naturally

: the process by which transexuals change sex

1. client evaluated psychologically and physically

2. the "real-life experience"

3. hormones are given to begin the process of bodily change

4. sex-reassignment surgery

5. surgical, endocrinological, and psychological follow-up lasting years

: surgery to change a person's genitals or other sexual characteristics

- for MtoF: removal of penis/testicles, construction of vagina, labia, clitoris, breast augmentation. Also surgery to vocal cords, reduction of Adam's apple and nose, liposuction of waste.

- for FtoM: removal of breasts, ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina. Also scrotum and penis may be constructed.

: a hormone secreted by the conceptus and by the placenta; its presence in a woman's blood is an indicator of pregnancy.

Blocks the regression of the corpus luteum that normally causes menstruation.

: a person who stands in for another; for example, as a sex partner or as the bearer of a child.

Done because a woman's uterus is malformed or has been removed, her general medical condition deems it inadvisable, or a gay couple wishes it

: a collection of birth defects caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21; mild or moderate intellectual disability and a characteristic of facial appearance.

Happens  1/885 births at 30. 1/25 births at 45.

: implantation and resulting pregnancy at any site other than the uterus. 1% of all pregnancies. Oviducts most common, but also cervix, ovary, or other abdominal cavity.

- caused by congenital malformations of the oviducts or uterus, damage to the oviducts resulting from PID or appendicitis, or by treatment with sex steroids/contraceptives that interfere with normal movement of embryo to uterus

- main culprit inc prevalence of PID due to chlamydia infections

: a "rule of thumb" that a pregnant woman's due date is 9 months plus onne week after the onset of her last menstrual period.

- longer for woman's 1st pregnancy

- true average 3-8 days longer than this

-  80% natural births occur withing 2 weeks before/after due date

: a collection of physical and behavioral symptoms in a child who was exposed to high levels of alcohol as a fetus

- short eye slits

- a flat mid-face

- short nose

- indistinctive groove between nose and lip

- thin upper lip

: the sampling of the amniotic fluid for purposes of prenatal diagnosis

- needle inserted into amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance

- a sample of amniotic fluid, containing free-floating cells derived from the fetus, is removed

: the sampling of tissue from the placenta for purposes of prenatal diagnosis

- a catheter is passed through the cervix into placenta

- a small fregment of placental tissue derived from the fetus is removed

: a method of childbirth instruction that focuses on techniques of relaxation and other natural means of pain prevention.

- relax abdominal and perineal muscles

- do not appose anesthesia now

: a method of child-birth instruction that stresses the partner's role as birth coach and that seeks to avoid medical interventions

- these woman less likely to take anesthesia than woman in Lamaze method

: delivery of young; child-birth

- prevented by inability of uterine musculature to contract in an organized manner

- by cervix whose thick wall contains a dense network of connective tissue that resists expansion

: the sinking of a fetus's head into a lower position int he pelvis in preperation for birth. Also called lightening.

- noticed by mother when extra space opens between her breasts and swollen belly

- 1st pregnancies, occurs week or more before birth

- later, occurs shortly before or during labor

: the canal formed by the uterus, cervix, and vagina through which the fetus passes during childbirth

Formed by contractions mediated by the pituitary hormone oxtocin

: labor or birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestational age. sometimes halted by drugs 10% in US

Predisposing factors include multiple fetuses, teen pregnancy, mother's use of tobacco/drugs, malnutrition, and illnesses during pregnancy

: depression in a mother during the period after birth. Succeptibility peaks between 10 to 20 days after childbirth. 7x more likely than mothers of older children

- accompanied by depressive psychosis

: (bacteria) a sexually transmitted disease caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum. Facial disfig. accompanies it. Resist elimination

-32000 new cases/yr

-Spread by direct contact (usu sexual) and mother to fetus

-Primary: chancre at site of infection (bump then sore). Secondary: painless rash, fever, swollen lymphnodes, sore throat, muscle pain

[Tertiary syphilis: large ulcers on skin/organs. 15% of cases]

-Chancre transmit HIV. Latent phase, no longer infectious. Treated by injected Penicillin

: insects (Phthirus pubis) that preferentially infest the pubic region.

-Transmission through direct contact of body or shared clothing, bedding, towels, etc. Spreads to other hairy areas.

-Itching at site of irritation. "Nits"- eggs.

-Treated by topical insecticidal lotions/shampoos. Shaving area. Washing items

: (insects) infestation with a mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) that burrows within the skin

-Passed by close physical contact/crowded conditions

-Symptoms: itching, rash (disrupt sleep). visible reddish tracks, spots, pustules (tunneling by females)

-Not usu seen. Not req. hairy skin. Treated by topical insecticidal lotion or cream. Possibly infested items washed/dried

: infection with the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Also called "trich".

-Usually passed through sexual contact

-Men: slight discharge from urethra, frequent and painful urination (usually asymptomatic)

Women: foul smelling/frothy/greenish vaginal discharge, abdominal discomfort. Vaginal itching and redness. Urinate frequently

-Infected person Px should be treated bc Pxs can pass it back and forth. Treated by Oral Flagyl

: a sexually transmitted disease caused by the infection with the bacterium Neisseria gonnorrhoeae

-Transmitted by sexual contact (inc. oral/anal)

-Men (may be asympto.) : thick discharge of pus from urethra, burning during urination, epididymitis

Woman (may be asympto.) : yellow, or bloody vag discharge, bleeding during urination/coitus, may cause PID

both: rectal discharge, anal itching, painful bloody bowel movements

-Common. Babies can be infected, usu happens in eyes and during birth, treated with oral antibiotics

: a sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

-Transmitted by sexual contact (possible to mouth/throat/rectum) and woman to infant at birth

-Men (may be asympto.): thin urethral or anal discharge, burning during urination, epididymitis, prostatitis

Woman (often asympto.): infects cervix/urethra and causes thin vaginal/anal discharge

-relatively new, most common of reportable infectious diseases, oral antibiotics