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Details Title: Human Relations Description: Exam 2 - Ch. 3 Total Flash Cards: 38 Created: 09/26/2007 19:47:45	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term internal locus of control Definition the state in which individuals who feel that what happens to them and what they achieve in life is due to their own abilities, attitudes, and actions Term self efficacy Definition our belief about our ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes Term social learning theory Definition the theory that suggests that personality development occurs through observational learning Term observational learning Definition learning that occurs when an individual's behavior is influenced by the observation of others - modeling Term operant conditioning Definition conditioning based on the principle of reinforcement; the consequences of a response determine whether that response will persist Term learning Definition a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience or practice Term novel stimuli Definition people, places, or things that are new, different, unique, or original Term significant stimuli Definition anything directly related to another person's needs, wants, interests, and desires Term conflicting stimuli Definition things that are in conflict with your beliefs and values Term positive reinforcement Definition anything that increases a behavior by virtue of its presentation Term punishment Definition anything that decreases a behavior by virtue of its presentation Term self-change program Definition a systematic program in self modification Term external locus of control Definition characteristic of individuals who see their lives as being beyond their control; they believe what happens to them is determined by external factors - whether it be luck or fate, or other people Term desensitization Definition method of behavioral modification whereby the individual's fear of an object or person is replaced by relaxation Term modeling Definition imitating a behavior one observes Term behavioral contract Definition an agreement (commitment) made to change your behavior Term reinforcers Definition pleasant or unpleasant stimuli that strengthen behavior Term reinforcement Definition the effect of applying reinforcers Term primary reinforcers Definition a reinforcer to which we respond automatically, without learning (food, drink, heat, cold, pain, physical comfort, or discomfort) Term secondary reinforcers Definition stimuli to which we have attached positive or negative value through association with previously learned conditioned reinforcers Term negative reinforcement Definition anything that increases a behavior by virtue of its termination or avoidance Term self-control Definition a person's sense of their ability to control their own behavior Term operant level Definition the number of responses prior to conditioning or baseline of behavior prior to conditioning Term consequences Definition the results of your behavior - positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, or punishment Term explanatory style Definition the story you construct about why things happen Term optimism Definition a general tendency to envision the future as favorable Term optimistic explanatory style Definition using external, unstable, and specific explanations for negative events Term pessimism Definition a general tendency to envision the future as unfavorable Term pessimistic explanatory style Definition using internal, stable, and global explanations for negative events Term initial response level Definition every response of the targeted behavior that occurs within a specific period of time prior to conditioning Term learned helplessness Definition the assumption-based on past failures-that one is unable to do anything to improve one's performance or situation and gives up Term conditioned response (CR) Definition a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning Term neutral stimulus (NS) Definition classical conditioning begins with a stimulus that does not elicit a response; eventually becomes a conditioned stimulus Term target behavior Definition the goal you have set for yourself-your behavioral goal Term classical conditioning Definition a type of learning in which a neutral acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus Term conditioned stimulus (CS) Definition a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response Term unconditioned response (UCR) Definition an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning Term unconditioned stimulus (UCS) Definition a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning