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Human Physiology
The Autonomic Nervous System
19
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
04/22/2013

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Term
single-unit smooth muscle
Definition
muscle cells are connected by gap junctions, groups of muscle cells function as a "single unit"
Term
multiunit smooth muscle
Definition
muscle cells are innervated individually by varicosities
Term
calmodulin
Definition
similar in structure to troponin, activates the myosin light chain kinase, which in turn acts as an enzyme for the phosphorylation of the myosin heads
Term
myogenic
Definition
refers to depolarization which occurs in the absence of external stimulation, i.e. SA node
Term
neurogenic
Definition
originating from or stimulated by the nervous system
Term
functional syncytium
Definition
large group of muscles that contract as a single functional unit
Term
ganglion
Definition
group of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS
Term
antagonism
Definition
any relationship where the effects of two things are opposite each other
Term
dual innervation
Definition
antagonistic neural stimulation of an effector
Term
nicotinic receptor
Definition
ACh receptor, stimulated by Nicotine, found on the motor end plate of skeletal muscle cells, in autonomic ganglia, and in some parts of the CNS
Term
muscarinic receptor
Definition
ACh receptor, stimulated by muscarine, found in CNS and plasma membrane of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands innervated by autonomic motor neurons
Term
cholinergic
Definition
ACh receptor
Term
adrenergic
Definition
epinephrine and/or norepinephrine receptor
Term
acetylcholine
Definition
ACh, neurotransmitter
Term
norepinephrine
Definition
hormone / neurotransmitter
Term
epinephrine
Definition
hormone / nt, sympathetic effects, secreted from the adrenal medulla
Term
alpha adrenergic receptors
Definition
more sensitive to norepinephrine, uses Ca++ second messanger system
Term
beta adrenergic receptors
Definition
more sensitive to blood epinephrine, use cAMP
Term
varicosity
Definition
found along the length of the autonomic motor neuron, forms synapse en passant with smooth muscles
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