Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Human Physiology
Chapter 1
31
Physiology
Not Applicable
08/31/2007

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Physiology
Definition
study of how the body works to maintain life
Term
Pathophysiology
Definition
how physiological processes are altered in disease or injury
"what when wrong?"
Term
Scientific Method (4)
Definition
1) testable hypothesis
2) conduct and analyze experiments to test hypothesis
3) draw conclusions, do results support hypothesis
4) develop a theory
Term
Theory
Definition
a general statement explaining natural phenomena that is based on proven hypothesis
Term
Complex Systems Approach
Definition
Look at the system as a whole
- disregard the elements
- "can't see the forest for the trees"
Term
Claude Bernard
Definition
Father of Modern Physiology
- milieu interieur and milieu exterieur
- preserving constant the conditions of life in the internal enviornment
Term
Walter Cannon
Definition
Established HOMEOSTASIS as a unifying concept of human physiology
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
condition of uniformity which results from the adjustments of living things to changes in their enviornment
Term
More definitions of Homeostasis
Definition
- state of equilibrium in internal
- relative constance of body fluids
- steady state (SYN)
- resistance to change
- status quo (SYN)
Term
Set Point
Definition
- Reference signal
- Desired value
- Activation threshold
- Point of balance
Term
Negative Feedback Loop
Definition
* SENSOR - detects deviation from st pt
* INTEGRATING CENTER - determines response
* EFFECTOR - produces response
Term
Regulatory Mechanisms:
* Intrinsic control
* Extrinsic control
Definition
* Intrinsic Control - built into organ being regulated
* Extrinsic Control - comes from outside of organ; by nervous or endocrine systems
- nervous control of body temp
- can overlap
Term
Rheostasis
Definition
a condition or state in which, at any one instant, homeostatic defenses are still present but over a span of time there is a change in the regulated level
Term
Rheostasis:
Programmed vs Reactive
Definition
* Programmed - changes occur at certain phases of the life cycle; puberty, pregnancy
* Reactive - changes occur in response to a stimulus that may or may not be encountered; fever, stress
Term
Primary Tissues of the Body (4)
Definition
* Muscle
* Nervous
* Epithelial
* Connective
Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition
Specialized for contraction
3 types:
- skeletal: voluntary, linear
- cardiac: involuntary, sorta line
- smooth: involuntary, not linear
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
Consists of neurons and supporting/glial cells
- neurons are specialized for conducting electrical signals
Term
Nervous Tissue:
- cell body
- dentrites
- axon
- supporting/glial cells
Definition
*Cell body - contains nucleus, metabolic center
*Dendrites - branched extensions of cell body, recieve inputs
*Axon - single extensions of cedll body, conducts nerve impluses to others
*Sup/Glial Cells - provide physical and functional support of neurons; 5x more abundant than neurons
Term
Epithelial Tissue
Definition
- Lines and covers body surfaces
- Consists of cells that form membranes and glands
- Regularly replaced
Term
Epithelial Tissue:
Simple vs Stratified
Definition
*Simple - one cell thick, specialized for transport
~ capillaries, lung lining
*Stratified - multiple layers, specialized for protection
~ skin
Term
Epithelial Tissue:
Squamous
Columnar
Cubiodal
Definition
Squamous - flattened
Columnar - taller than wide
Cubiodal - cube-shaped
Term
Exocrine Glands
Definition
- derived from epithelial cells
- secrete onto epithelium via ducts
- can be simple tubes or clusters=(acini)
Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition
- derived from epithelial cells
- secrete hormones
~ into the blood
Term
Connective Tissue
Purpose? (6)
Definition
* Has lots of extracellular material deposited in space between its cells
- Binding
- Supporting
- Protecting
- Forming blood
- Storing fats (adipose)
- Filling space
Term
Types of Connective Tissue:
Connective Tissue Proper
Definition
Loose C.T. - consists of scattered fibrous proteins (colleagen) and tissue fluid
`dermis of skin; blood vessels/nerves
- dense fibrous c.t. is packed with fibers of collagen
~regularly arranged as in tendons or irregularly oriented as in capsules or sheaths
Term
Types of Connective Tissue:
Adipose
Definition
specialized loose connective tissue for fat synthesis, breakdown, and storage
Term
Types of Connective Tissue:
Cartilage
Definition
-specialized for support and protection
-made of chondrocytes and elastic ECM
-serves as precursor for bone
-forms articular surfaces for joints
Term
Types of Connective Tissue:
Bone
Definition
- formed as concentric layers of calcified material
- contains 3 cell types:
* osteoblasts - boneforming cells
* osteocytes - trapped inactive osteoblasts
* osteoclasts - the bone resorbing cells
Term
Organs
Definition
anatomical and functional units made of two or more primary tissues
Term
Systems
Definition
groups of organs working together to maintain homeostasis
Term
Body-fluid Compartments
Definition
*intracellular - inside the cell
*extracellular - outside cells
-separated by cells outer membrane
there is communication and movement between inter and extra
Supporting users have an ad free experience!