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HTC:modern Lec7
iron tower - 2nd empire - prussia
20
History
Undergraduate 2
04/21/2009

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Term
The first American structure to be erected with an iron frame that also supported its 
masonry envelope was
Definition
structure-McCullough Shot Tower, Bogardus, NYC, 1855 (1st non-loadbearing masonry on an iron frame)?
building-
-    U.S. Warehousing grain elevator, Badger, Brooklyn, 1860 (1st building w/ non-loadbearing masonry)
Term
The cast iron-fronted building in America is generally regarded as the invention of
Definition
“fireproof building”
Term
Describe Bogardus' proposed design for the 1853 New York World's Fair :
Definition
- central tower 350 ft tall consisting of 4 concentric towers supporting each other cast iron front four stories high about 300 feet out all the way around building and then roofed it with iron chains swung in caternary shape and then enclosed it with sheet metal  … multi-story system to build tall towers
Term
Describe the construction system Bogardus used in the McCollough Shot Tower:
Definition
-1st non-loadbearing masonry on an iron frame
iron columns with iron beams with masonry infill
Term
Bogardusʼs primary competitor in the New York City market was ____________________ 
Definition
- Daniel Badger
Term
The inventor of the American iron skeleton frame was ____________________________
Definition
-James Bogardus
Term
The first city in the U. S. where cast iron was used to any great degree was:  __________
Definition
-New York City
Term
Briefly discuss the major difference between the theories of Pugin, Ruskin, and Violet-le- Duc as they apply to their view of gothic architecture
Definition
- Viollet-le-Duc's choice of Gothic was based intellectually more on his perception of its structural rationalism
rather than Pugin's and Ruskin's morally-based issues

Term
What was the effect on architecture of the Franco-Prussian War?
Definition
America was stalled during the Civil War.  During this period, the
French, enabled by Haussmann's redevelopment of Paris, caught up with America and quickly became the leading designers of iron-framed buildings, until the Franco-Prussian War slowed the French economy, in turn putting a stop to the architectural progress they were making
Term
The name given the style of architecture constructed during the reign of   
 Napoleon III is ____________________________________
Definition
- Second Empire
Term
Napoleon III appointed ___________________________ as Prefect of the Seine,
 who was responsible for the urban renovation of Paris in the mid-19th century.
Definition
-Georges‐Euguene Haussmann
Term
List three laws that controlled the design of buildings in Haussmann's Paris:
Definition
-eclectic (but mainly Classical) decoration
-mansard roof
-heroic statues
Term
The architect of the Bauakademie in Berlin was _________________________________
Definition
-Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Term
11. Name the four types of construction that Semper used to order The Four Elements of
 Architecture:
Definition
1. Hearth and ceramics (fired material)
2. Earthen platform and stome (layered material)
3. Roof on columns and carpentry (connect two pieces together)
       4. Enclosure and weaving (intertwined pieces)
Term
What past style did Semper champion as being capable of further development?  
Definition
-Romanesque
Term
What was the precedent for the Brandenburg Gate? _____________________________
Definition
-Athenian Propylaea
Term
The first theoretician to speculate about the woven qualities of the primitive curtain wall 
 
 was_____________________________
Definition
-Gottfried Semper
Term
17. The German artist usually credited as having coined the term “gesamtkunstwerk” is 
Definition
-Richard Wagner
Term
12. Der Stil was written by _______________________________
Definition
-Gottfried Semper
Term
The German architectural theorist who noted the inferior quality of German manufactured 
 
 goods at the 1851 World's Fair was ______________________
Definition
- Gottfried Semper
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