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HRM Chapter 11
HRM Ch 11
112
Business
Undergraduate 4
03/08/2010

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Cards

Term
Effort
Definition
Energy Expended
Results from being motivated
Amount of energy used in performing a task
Term
Performance
Definition
Measured in terms of results
Term
Job Performance
Definition
results from interrelationships among effort, abilities, and role perceptions
Term
Abilities
Definition
Personal characteristics used to perfrom. Don't fluctuate much over short time
Term
Role Perceptions
Definition
Directions in which one believes he/she should channel effort on the job
Term
Role Perceptions
Definition
Activities and behaviors we believe are necessary to perform job
Term
For acceptable performance, must have a minimum level of _______ in each of the ________
Definition
proficiency/ performance components
Term
Performance requires ?
Definition
effort
Ability
Clear Role Perception
Term
___________ are not direct determinants of individual performance, but modify the effects of _________,__________,and _______
Definition
Environmental factors/ effort, ability, direction
Term
Poor ventilation or worn out equipment may affect______ an individual expends
Definition
effort
Term
Unclear policies can produce ___________
Definition
misdirected effort
Term
______________ can result in underutilized abilities
Definition
Lack of training
Term
Management responsible to provide
Definition
adequate working conditions
supportive environment to get rid or minimize performance obstacles
Term
HR Dept is responsible for designing ____________ and select methods and forms used for appraising employees
Definition
performance management stystem
Term
HR Dept is responsible for ______ managers in conducting performance appraisals
Definition
training
Term
HR dept is responsible for maintaining ____________ ensuring appraisals are conducted on a timely basis
Definition
reporting system
Term
HR dept is responsible for maintaining performance _____________ _________
Definition
appraisal records
Term
Management Responsibilities in Performance Appraisal
Definition
Evaluate employee performance
complete appraisal form and submit to HR Dept
Review appraisal with employees
establish plan for improvement with employees
Term
Process of evaluating and communicating to an employee how he/she is performing the job and establishing a plan for improvement?
Definition
Performance Appraisal
Term
What should a Performance Appraisal do ?
Definition
Let employees know how well they are performing
Influence their future level of effort and task direction
Term
Employee's _____ _______ should be clarified through a plan for performance improvement
Definition
task perception
Term
Common uses of performance appraisals
Definition
Making administrative decision regarding promotions
firings
layoffs
pay increases
Term
______ __________ is often most significant consideration in whether to promote a person
Definition
Current performance
Term
Performance appraisal can provide input for determining individual and organization ____________________
Definition
training and development needs
Term
Performance Appraisal can encourage performance appraisal causing
Definition
better communication with how employees are doing
Suggesting needed changes in behavior, attitude.skills and knowledge
Term
_______ clarifies managers job expectations but must be followed by ______ and _______
Definition
Feedback/coaching/ training
Term
Performance appraisal infor can be Input in to:
Definition
Validate selection procedures
HR planning
Term
Performance appraisal must be ______
Definition
Job related
Term
Organization must conduct __________ and develop _________
Definition
job analysis / job descriptions
Term
How often do you conduct performance appraisal
Definition
as often as necessary
Term
Performance appraisals are done as often as necessary to let employees know ?
Definition
How well they are doing
what can be done to improve
Term
________ performance appraisals can be conducted _____ times a year and an _________ performance appraisal
Definition
Informal/2-3/ Annual formal
Term
17
Definition
Term
Management by objectives used more with ________ and ___________
Definition
professionals/ managers
Term
Management by objectives gives a ______ ________ of employee's work objectives
Definition
clear statements
Term
MBO provides a ______ _____ how objectives will be achieved
Definition
action plan
Term
MBO _______ objective achievement
Definition
measures
Term
MBO takes_______ ______ if necessary
Definition
corrective action
Term
MBO establish _____ _______ for future
Definition
new objectives
Term
For MBO to be successful objectives must be
Definition
Quantifiable and measurable
challenging yet achievable
written in clear language
Term
Employees should be active______ in objective-setting and action plan development
Definition
participants
Term
Employees should be in regular ________with managers employee's performance; discuss _______ and _____ objectives when necessary
Definition
discussions/ progress/ modify
Term
20
Definition
Term
21
Definition
Term
21
Definition
Term
What uses managers,peers,customers,suppliers or colleagues to complete questionnaires on employees, person being assessed completes questionnaires, and HR dept provides results to employee
Definition
Multi-Rater Assessment (360 degree feedback)
Term
Graphic scale ratings rate on factors quantity of work, _______, job knowledge,________
Definition
dependability, copperativeness
Term
Graphic rating scales include _______ and _______
Definition
numerical ranges and written descriptions
Term
Evaluators unlikely to inerpret written descriptions in the same manner due to differences in background, expereince and personality is a _______ ________ in the graphic rating scale
Definition
potential weakness
Term
Potential weaknesses also include ______ ________ allowing categories to be chosen with little relationship to job performance, or omit significant categories
Definition
choice of rating categories
Term
drawbacks of checklist rating?
Definition
1. bias
2. time consuming
3. questions have diff meaning to raters
Term
Rater answers yes-or-no to a series of questions about the employee’s behavior
Definition
checklist rating
Term
What are broad categories of duties and responsibilities that make up your job?
Definition
Job Dimensions
Term
Each job is likely to have several ___ ______ and separate scales must be developed for each
Definition
job dimesions
Term
What are specific categories of performance?
Definition
scale values
Term
What are written statements of actually behaviors indicating level of performance
Definition
Anchors
Term
Managers and Job incumbents must do these steps in _____ ________
1. Identify relevant job dimensions for job
2. write behavioral anchors for each dimensions
3. reach consensus on scale values and grouping anchors statements for each scale value
Definition
BARS Development
Term
Advantage of BARS: developed through ______ of managers and job incumbents
Definition
participation
Term
Advantage of BARS:Anchors developed from _____ observations and ________ of employees who actually perform the job
Definition
observations, expereiences
Term
Bars can be used to provided _____ concerning an employees performance
Definition
specific feedback
Term
Taking time and commentiment to devlop and separate form must be made for different jobs is _______ to BARS
Definition
drawback
Term
Rater must rank a set of statements describing how employee carries out duties and responsibilities
Definition
forced-choice rating
Term
Rater keeps written record of incident illustrating both positive and negative employee behaviors
Definition
Critical incident appraisal
Term
Raters uses these incidents as _____ for evaluating employees performance
Definition
basis
Term
Incidents should involve job behaviors illustrating both ________ and ______ performance
Definition
satisfactory, unsatisfactory
Term
Recording incidents regularly is time consuming
What is critical incident is . is unclear
Can lead to friction btw manager and employees
These are _______ of critical incident appraisal
Definition
drawbacks
Term
Rater prepares written statement describing an individuals strengths, weakness, and past performance. Evaluation describe employee's performance in a narrative form
Definition
Essay appraisal
Term
In an essay appraisal instructions are often provided on _____ _________
Definition
topics to be covered
Term
What are the employee's strengths and weakness is an example of ?
Definition
Essay appraisal questions
Term
Essay method can be supplemented by ?
Definition
critical incident method
Term
after rater ranks all the forced choice statements what department applies weights and computes a score?
Definition
HR
Term
drawbacks of forced choice rating
Definition
1. reporting to irritate raters
2. results can be difficult to communicate
Term
Performance of an employee is ranked relative to the performance of others
Definition
Ranking Methods
Term
3 commonly used rankign methods
Definition
1. alternation
2. paired comparison
3. forced distribution
Term
what Act does not permit use of ranking methods for federal employees?
Definition
Civil Service Reform Act
Term
how does ranking differ from other methods?
Definition
performance evaluation is a function of performance of other eployees
Term
Paired Comparison Ranking?
Definition
comparing 1st to 2nd to 2nd to 4th employee
Term
ranked on left side and includes ranking the MVP of the employees
Definition
Alternation Ranking
Term
Process is repeated until each employee has been compared to every other employee on all of the chosen performance criteria
Definition
Paired Comparison Ranking
Term
In paired comparison ranking the employee with the fewest checkmarks is the ___________ performer.
Definition
lowest
Term
In paired comparison ranking the employee with the most check marks is the ___________ performer.
Definition
best
Term
drawback to paired comparison ranking?
Definition
becomes unwiedly when comparing more than 5 or 6 employees
Term
Rater compares employees’ performance, placing a certain percentage of employees at various performance levels
Definition
forced distribution
Term
drawbacks of forced distribution?
Definition
in small groups the bell shaped curve might not be applicable
Term
Mostly used for production employees and is a form of goal setting for employees
Definition
work standards
Term
t/f is is easy to define a fair day's output
Definition
false
Term
advantages of work standards
Definition
1.pref rev based on objective factors
Term
drawbacks of work standards
Definition
lack of comparability standards
Term
A manager’s ratings are grouped at the positive end instead of being spread throughout the performance scale
Definition
leniency
Term
Tendency of manager to rate most employees’ performance near the middle of the performance scale; everyone “about average”
Definition
Central Tendency
Term
Tendency of manager to evaluate employees on work performed most recently
Definition
Recency
Term
A rater allows a single prominent characteristic of employee to influence rater’s judgment on each separate item in the performance appraisal
Definition
Halo Effect
Term
employee receives approximately same rating on every item
Definition
halo Effect
Term
what 3 things can cause erroes in performance appraisals
Definition
preferences
prejudices
biases
Term
managers also allow ______________ to influence later judgements of an employee
Definition
first impressions
Term
what is the 1st approach to overcoming performance appraisal errors?
Definition
refine design of appraisal methods
Term
attempts to overcome errors of leniency and central tendency
Definition
forced distribution
Term
are designed to reduce halo, leniency, and central tendency errors, by providing managers with specific examples of performance
Definition
BARS
Term
2nd approach to overcomign errors in performance appraisals
Definition
improve the skills of raters
Term
evaluators should be trained to observe ________ more accurately and judge it more fairly
Definition
behavior
Term
at a minimum raters should receive training in what 4 areas?
Definition
1. performance appraisal method use
2. rater's role
3. use of pref apprasial info
4.communication skills
Term
if not properly conducted, can result in an unpleasant experience for both manager and employee!
Definition
feedback interview
Term
Manager must know the employee’s job description
Evaluation must be based on employee’s performance and not on personality
Manager must be positive and build on the employee’s strengths
Manager must be candid and specific
Manager must listen to employee as well as presenting own views
Manager must elicit employee feedback on how to improve performance
Definition
guidelines for managers conducting interviews
Term
the more employee participation the more satifies the employees are of what?
Definition
the manager and interview and are likely to accept and meet objectives
Term
t/f postitive motivational techniques intern make an employee more satisfed
Definition
true
Term
_____________ improvement plan is often ignored in a completed performance appraisal
Definition
performance
Term
managers must recognize and employee's development is a _____________ cylcle
Definition
continuous
Term
What are 2 questions to ask about performance improvement plan components?
Definition
Where are we now?
Where do we want to be?
How does employee get from here to there?
Term
Title VII of the Civil Right Act permits the use of a what?
Definition
bona fide performance appraisal system
Term
t/f generally not considered to b bona fide when appraisal results in adverse effects on minorities, women, or older employees.
Definition
true
Term
Brito et al. v. Zia Company
Mistretta v. Sandia Corporation
Chamberlain v. Bissel, Inc.
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins
Definition
court cases that have ruled that performance appraisal systems used by organizations were discriminatory and not job related
Term
performance appraisals are tryign to be becom more _________ acceptable
Definition
legally
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