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HR Chapter 19
Test 3
73
Management
Undergraduate 4
04/12/2010

Additional Management Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Negotiation, drafting, administration, and interpretation of a written agreement between             an employer and a union for a specific time period

 

??

Definition
collective barganing
Term
How long is the average collective barganing time?
Definition
3 years
Term

    Contract sets forth joint understandings as to wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment is the purpose of ______ ?

Definition
collective barganing
Term
4 main issues with reasons to join a union?
Definition

wages

benefits

working conditions

job security

Term
what is an important factor effecting union membership??
Definition

employees perception that the union can change the situation including:

          Better communication with management.

          Higher quality of management and supervision.

          Increased democracy in the workplace.

          Opportunity to belong to a group where they can share experiences and comradeship.

 

Term
4 reasons for NOT joining a union?
Definition

wages

benefits

working conditions

job security

Term
6 ways organizations avoid unions??
Definition

          Providing satisfactory wages, benefits, working conditions, and job security.

          Creating procedure to handle employee complaints

          Eliminating arbitrary or heavy-handed management practices.

          Establishing meaningful system of two-way management-employee communication.

          Eliminating threats to employees’ job security.

          Making employees feel like they are part of organization.

Term
what is the first step in forming a union in an organization??
Definition

campaigns:

          Typically, union begins a campaign to interest employees in joining it:

          Employees sign authorization cards indicating they would like to have an election.

          NLRB may be requested to supervise an election: If 30% of employees sign authorization cards

          In practice, NLRB is petitioned only if over 50% sign authorization cards

 

Term
what are the restrictions on when and where union support can be solicitied??
Definition

          Employees can orally solicit support from other employees only on non-work time.

          If allowed to engage in casual conversation while working, employees can discuss union matters if production is not hindered.

          Union literature can be distributed only on non-work time, and management can limit distribution of literature to non-work areas.

Term
what is the exception to managers being able to prohibit union orgnizers from entering a company?
Definition

          Management can prohibit union organizers from entering company property for solicitation.

          Exception: If management allows other solicitors to enter company property, they cannot exclude union organizers.

Term
what are the two parts of the Captive Audience Doctrine?
Definition

management rights:

          Can speak against union on company time to employees and require employees to attend meeting.

          Prohibited from giving a speech on company time to mass employee audience in 24 hours immediately before election.

          24-hour rule applies only to a speech before a large group.

union rights:

do not have the right to reply on company time

 

Term

When can   Either union or employer can petition NLRB to conduct a representation election.

??

Definition
union obtains signed authorization cards from atleast 30% of the companies employees
Term

when can a union

make a direct request to employer to become bargaining agent of employees.

??

Definition
when they have signed authorization cards from atleast 50% of the employees
Term

          Group of employees --- recognized by employer, agreed on by all parties, or designated by NLRB --- as appropriate for collective bargaining purposes.

 

???

Definition
barganing unit
Term

          Union elections in which parties have agreed on appropriate bargaining unit.

???

Definition
consent elections
Term

NLRB makes a bargaining unit decision based on areas of employee commonality

???

Definition
community of interest
Term
areas of community of interest include??
Definition

          Similar wages, hours, and working conditions.

          Employees’ physical proximity.

          Common supervision.

          Amount of interchange of personnel within proposed unit.

Degree of integration of employer’s production process of operation

Term
four illegal unfair labor practices??
Definition

          Physical interference, threats, or violent behavior by employer toward union organizers.

          Employer interference with employees involved in organizing drive.

          Discipline or discharge of employees for  pro-union activities.

          Threatening or coercing of employees by union organizers.

Term
three conditions for a union to be able to picket?
Definition

          Employer is not presently unionized.

          Petition filed with NLRB within the past 30 days.

          Representation election has not been conducted during preceding 12 months.

Term

Individuals patrol at, or near, place of employment carrying signs to publicize fact that union is requesting an election to become bargaining agent for employees

??

Definition
informational picketing
Term
prior to an election campaign, what rights does management have?
Definition

          State opinions about possible ramifications of unionization if based on fact and not threatening.

          Explain positive aspects of current situation.

          Conduct polls to verify union strength, but not question employees individually about preferences, or threaten or intimidate.

Term
What is the 12 Month Rule??
Definition

          No election can be held in a bargaining unit if a valid election was held in preceding 12-months.

Term

NLRB will not permit another election in bargaining unit within 12 months of a union’s certification.

???

Definition
Certification Bar
Term

 NLRB prohibits an election for up to 12 months after employer voluntarily recognizes a union.

??

Definition
recognition bar
Term

NLRB will not permit an election in bargaining unit covered by a contract until contract expires, up to maximum of 3 years

??

Definition
contract bar doctrine
Term
during a secret ballot, if the union receives most of the votes what happens?
Definition

          If union receives a majority of votes cast, union becomes Exclusive Bargaining Representative.

Term

Union represents all employees (both union members and non-members) in bargaining unit in negotiating wages, hours, and terms and conditions of employment.

???

Definition
exclusive barganing representative
Term

          when union has been certified, by law it remains exclusive bargaining representative for all employees until employees within unit desire otherwise.

???

Definition
decertification
Term
three steps in decertification of a union?
Definition

employees: •          File petition with NLRB for decertification election.

          If 30% of employees support petition to decertify --- and a valid election to oust union has not been held within preceding 12 months --- decertification election is conducted.

          If a majority of voting employees vote to decertify union, it no longer legally represents them

Term

          Sincere intention of both parties to negotiate differences and reach mutually acceptable agreement.

??

Definition
good faith barganing
Term
What acts deal with good faith barganing for private orgs and for federal agencies?
Definition

          National Labor Relations Act: Private organizations.

          Civil Service Reform Act: Federal agencies.

Term

Management makes best offer at outset of bargaining and firmly adheres to offer throughout bargaining sessions.  NLRB ruled this illegal.

 

??

Definition
Boulwarism
Term
Employer of a single company agreement: negotiation roles?
Definition

          Representatives of one company meet with representatives of union and negotiate a contract.

          One company may have several unions representing different groups of employees.

          One company and one union may negotiate different contracts for each facility or plant location of company.

Term
Negotiation roles of a multi employer agreement??
Definition

          Individual employers in these industries are          small and in a weak position relative to union.

          Employers often pool together in an employer association, which negotiates a single agreement for all involved employers.

          Employer Association may be on local, regional national level.

          Industry wide Bargaining: Multi-employer bargaining occurring on regional or national basis.

Term

          In large organizations (such as General Motors), master agreements on wage and benefit issue are negotiated between which two parties?

Definition

          Corporate officials

          Officials of national or international union

Term
Negotiation roles of Union single agreements?
Definition

          Single-company agreements: Size of company determines nature of union participation.

          Smaller companies: Local union works with field representative (of international or national union) in negotiations.  Field Rep:

          Gives advice and counsel to local union.

          Often serves as principal negotiator for union.

          Large companies, with multiple plants: Top officials (of national or international union) conduct negotiations:

Term
Negotiation roles of union in multi employer agreements?
Definition

          Union participation usually directed by president of national or international union.

          Local unions reps usually serve on union’s negotiating committee.

          Coordinated Bargaining: Several unions bargain jointly with a single employer.

Term

          requires both unions and management to bargain in good faith.

          Refusal to bargain can be overridden by NLRB.

??

Definition
national labor relations act
Term
when does NLRB have the power to determine unfair behavior?
Definition

          If either party believes unfair practice occurred, charge can be filed with NLRB.

          Either party can appeal decisions of NLRB to U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and even to U.S. Supreme Court.

Term

____ is the counterpart to NLRB for the federal sector.

??

Definition
FLRA
Term
Three things FLRA does?
Definition

          Investigates unfair labor practice charges.

          Conducts hearings on unfair labor practices.

          Issues orders to cease from such practices.

Term

          FSIP, an entity within FLRA, has authority to do two things??

Definition

          Recommend solutions to resolve an impasse.

          Take action to resolve dispute, as long as action is consistent with the Civil Service Reform Act.

Term
____ is a legal alternative to strike in the federal sector?
Definition
FSIP
Term

Independent federal government agency provides mediators to assist in resolving contract negotiation impasses

???

Definition
FMCS
Term
Three things the FMCS has jurisdiction over?
Definition

          Employees of private enterprise organizations engaged in interstate commerce.

          Federal government employees.

Employees in private, nonprofit hospitals and other allied medical facilities

Term

          Both parties invite neutral third party to help resolve contract impasse.  Mediator has no authority to impose solution.

??

Definition
Mediation (Concilitiation)
Term
Five roles FMCS include?
Definition

          Help parties find common ground for continuing negotiations.

          Develop data on issues of disagreement.

          Create joint study committees (involving members of both parties) to examine difficult issues.

          Separate/serve as buffer between antagonistic parties.

          Carry proposals/counterproposals between parties.

Term

parties agree to settle dispute through independent third party

??

Definition
arbitration
Term

          arbitrating terms.

          Rare in private sector, but common in public sector.

??

Definition
interest (contract) arbitration
Term
What are two forms of Interest Arbitration?
Definition

          Conventional Interest Arbitration

          Final-Offer Interest Arbitration

Term

          Arbitrator listens to arguments from both parties and makes a binding decision.

          Decision can be identical to position of either party or different from positions of both parties.

???

Definition
conventional interest arbitration
Term

Arbitrator restricted to selecting final offer of one of the parties

??

Definition
Final offer interst arbitration
Term
What are the mandatory subjects of negotiation?
Definition
NLRA requires employers and unions to bargain in good faith on wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment
Term
what are the characteristics of nonmandtory or permissive issues of negotiation
?
Definition

          Parties are not required to bargain on them.

         It is an illegal labor practice for one party to insist on bargaining about a permissive issue.

Term
two types of issues that cannot be included in collective barganing agreements?
Definition
closed shop and hot cargo clause
Term
requires employees to hire only union members?
Definition
closed shop
Term

Agreement to not  handle or  use goods or services of another employer.

???

Definition
Hot Cargo Clause
Term

          For federal sector, Civil Service Reform Act makes it mandatory to bargain over “conditions of employment,” defined as:??

Definition

    Personnel policies and practices

                          Matters affecting working conditions

Term
5 issues addressed most by union contracts?
Definition

          Management Rights

          Union Security

          Wages and Benefits

          Individual Security (Seniority) Rights

          Dispute Resolution

Term

requires all employees in bargaining unit to join union and retain membership as condition of employment.

??

Definition
union shop
Term

          Modified union shop; requires all employees hired after effective date of agreement to acquire and retain union membership as a condition of employment.

          Most right-to-work laws outlaw union shop.

???

Definition
Grandfather Clause
Term

does not require employees to join union, but requires them to pay equivalent of union dues as a condition of employment.

??

Definition
agency shop
Term

Pledges union to cooperate in preventing work stoppages.

??

Definition
no strike clause
Term

Ban any interference with production during life of contract

??

Definition
unconditional pledge
Term
permit strikes under certain conditons?
Definition
conditional pledges
Term
No strike ban is commonly lifted after ??
Definition

          Exhaustion of grievance procedure.

          Arbitration award has been violated.

Term

          Employees collectively refuse to work.

          Not permitted for most public employees.

Union must first hold a vote among its members

??

Definition
strike
Term

What is the purpose of a strike?

 

Definition

          Bring economic hardship to employer, forcing to agree to union demands.

          Success of strike determined by how severely union is able to interrupt organization’s operations.

Term

          President can issue injunction prohibiting strike action for 80 days.

60 days to resolve impasse, after which NLRB polls employees on whether they will accept employer’s last offer

??

Definition
cooling off period
Term
____ is the counterpart to NLRB in the Federal Sector??
Definition
FLRA
Term
_____ Act requires both unions and management to bargan in good faith.?
Definition
National Labor Relations Act (wagner)
Term
what is the main difference between Conventional interest arbitration and Final offer interest arbitration?
Definition

With conventional, the arbitrator may pick the position of either party or a different position from either

with Final Offer- the arbitrator has to pick the position of one of the parties involved

Term

Most ____ outlaw Union Shops.

??

Definition
right to work laws
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