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Homogeneous Aqueous Systems
vocab and main ideas- 15.2
45
Chemistry
11th Grade
04/25/2009

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Term
why do you not often find pure water in nature?
Definition
it dissolves many substances
Term
water that contains dissolved substances
Definition
aqueous solution
Term
are solutions homogeneous mixtures?
Definition
yes
Term
are solutions stable or not stable?
Definition
stable
Term
the dissolving medium in a solution
Definition
solvent
Term
dissolved particles in a solution
Definition
solute
Term
what can solute particles be?
Definition
atoms, ions, or molecules
Term
what is the average diameter of solute particles?
Definition
less than one nm (m to -9)
Term
what becomes dispersed in the solvent?
Definition
the solute
Term
what can solutes and solvents be?
Definition
gases, liquids solids
Term
what will flow through a flter in a solution (solute dispersed in solvent)
Definition
both solvent and solute (because of the small diamter of solute particles)
Term
substances with what types of bonds dissolve most readily in water?
Definition
ionic compounds and polar covalent bonded substances
Term
molecules with what type of bond do not dissolve in water?
Definition
nonpolar covalent molecules
Term
what are three examples of nonpolar compounds
Definition
oil, grease, gasoline
Term
what breaks apart solute ions in a solid in the solvent water?
Definition
water molecules constantly in motion
Term
why are water molecules constantly in motion?
Definition
their kinetic energy
Term
what happens when individual solute ions break away in a water solvent?
Definition
the ions become surrounded by solvent molecules
Term
a process that occurs when an ionic solute dissolves; in solution, solvent molecules surround the positive and negative ions
Definition
solvation
Term
what ions will attract to the hydrogen side of water molecules?
Definition
negative ions
Term
what ions will attract to the O side of water molecules?
Definition
positive ions
Term
why are some ionic compounds nearly insoluble?
Definition
the attraction between the solute ions is stronger than the attractions from the water molecules
Term
like dissolves what?
Definition
like
Term
what will dissolve in a nonpolar covalent solvent?
Definition
a nonpolar covalent solute
Term
a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or in the molten state; all ionic compounds are electrolytes, but most covalent compounds are not
Definition
electrolyte
Term
what do ions have to be in order to conduct electricity?
Definition
mobile
Term
why are all ionic compounds electrolytes?
Definition
the dissociate into ions
Term
when does a non soluble ionic compound conduct electricity?
Definition
only in the molten state (not aqueous)
Term
a compound that does not conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or in the molten state
Definition
nonelectrolyte
Term
why are many molecular compounds nonelectrolytes?
Definition
the are not composed of ions
Term
what happens to some molecular compounds when in the aqueous state?
Definition
they ionize and become electrolytes
Term
a solution in which a large portion of the solute exists as ions
Definition
strong electrolyte
Term
what are three types of strong electrolytes?
Definition
soluble salts, inorganic acids, and organic bases
Term
a solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exists as ions
Definition
weak electrolyte
Term
what are three types of weak electrolytes?
Definition
ammonia, organic acids, organic bases
Term
a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to each formula unit
Definition
hydrate
Term
what is in the middle of a hydrate equation instead of a +
Definition
a dot
Term
are the forces that hold water molecules in a hydrate strong?
Definition
no
Term
when is a hydrate efflorescent?
Definition
when it has a higher vapor pressure than the air
Term
what happens when a hydrate efflorsces?
Definition
it loses its wtaer of hydration (crystallization)
Term
what are hydrates that remove moisture from the air called?
Definition
hygroscopic
Term
why do hygroscopic hydrates take moisture from the air?
Definition
they have low vapor pressures
Term
how can a salt be returned to its anhydrous state?
Definition
by heating
Term
how do you find percent H2O in a hydrate
Definition
mass of water (in mole mole hydrate)/ mass of one mole hydrate times 100 %
Term
what are hygroscopic compounds that become wet when exposed to normally moist air called?
Definition
deliquescent
Term
what happens to deliquescent compounds when they remove lots of moisture from the air?
Definition
they dissolve completely and form solutions
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