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Holes Human Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 1
85
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/14/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is Anatomy
Definition
Study and structure of the human body
Term
Physiology
Definition
Study of the function of the human body
Term
Subatomic Particles
Definition

electrons, protons, and neutrons

(make up the atom)

Term
Atom
Definition

hydrogen atom

lithium atom

Term
Molecule
Definition

Atoms join to form molecules:

Water, Glucose, etc.

 

Term
In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is:
Definition
a cell
Term
Macromolecule
Definition

small molecules combined

protein, DNA, etc.

Term
Organelle
Definition
composed of assemblies of large molecules
Term
Cell
Definition

Muscle Cell, Nerve Cell, etc.

 

All cells share the same characteristics of life and must meet certain requirements to stay alive.

Term
Tissue
Definition

squamous epithelium

adipose tissue (fat)

Term
Organ
Definition
Skin, Femur, Heart, Kidney, etc.
Term
Organ System
Definition

Skeletal, Digestive, Lymphatic,

Endocrine, Reproductive, Endocrine,

Respiratory, Urinary, Integumentary,

Cardiovascular (or Circulatory),

Muscular

Term
Example of an Organism
Definition
Human
Term
Name the Levels of Organization
Definition

Subatomic Particles, Atom, Molecule,

Macromolecules, Organelles, Cells,

Tissue, Organs, Organ Systems,

Organism

Term

Name the Characteristics of Life

(obtain, release and utilize energy)

Definition

Movement, Responsiveness

Growth, Reproduction

Respiration, Digestion

Absorption, Circulation

Assimilation, Excretion

Term
What is movement?
Definition
Change in position - motion
Term
What is responsiveness?
Definition
Reaction to change
Term
What is Growth?
Definition
Increase in body size but no change in shape
Term
What is Reproduction?
Definition
Production of new organisms and new cells
Term
What is Respiration?
Definition
Obtaining Oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, releasing energy from foods.
Term
What is Digestion?
Definition
Breakdown of food into simpler forms to deliver nutrition
Term
What is Absorption?
Definition
Passage of substances thorugh membranes and into body fluids
Term
What is Circulation?
Definition
Movement of substances in body fluids
Term
What is Assimilation?
Definition
Changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms.
Term
What is Excretion?
Definition
Removal of waste produced by metabolic reactions.
Term
What is Metabolism?
Definition
All of the chemical reactions in an organism that supports life.
Term
Life depends on 5 factors:
Definition

Water

Oxygen

Food

Heat

Pressure

Term
Requirements of Water:
Definition

(most abundant substance in body)

- required for metabolic process

- required for transport of substances

- regulates body temperature

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Term
Requirements of Food:
Definition

- provides nutrients

- supplies energy

- supplies raw materials

Term
Requirements of Oxygen (gas):
Definition

1/5 air is Oxygen

- used to release energy from nutrients

Term
Requirements of Heat:
Definition

Form of energy

- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions

Term
Requirements of Pressure:
Definition

- application of force on an object

- atmospheric pressure: for breathing

-hydrostatic pressure: keeps blood flowing

Term

What is Homeostasis

(same-standing still)

Definition
Maintaining stable internal environment
Term
What is a Homeostatic Control Mechanism?
Definition
monitors aspects of the internal enviornment and corrects as needed
Term
Name 3 parts of the homeostatic control mechanisms:
Definition

Receptor: provides information about stimuli

Control Center: change is compared to set point

Effector: (muscles or glands) elicits response that change conditions in the internal environment

Term
Name the two types of Homeostatic Control Mechanisms:
Definition

1. Negative Feedback

2. Positive Feedback

Term
Describe Negative Feedback Mechanism of Homeostasis:
Definition

-Prevents sudden, severe changes in body

-Correct Set Point

-Causes opposite of bodily disruption to occur

-Most common type of feedback loop

Examples: body temperature, blood pressure, glucose regulation

Term
Describe positive feedback mechanism of homeostasis:
Definition

- increases the actions of the body

- short-lived

- doesn't require continuous adjustments

Examples: Blood Clotting, Childbirth

Term
What are the two layers of Serous Membranes?
Definition

Visceral Layer: covers the organ

Parietal Layer: lines a cavity or body wall

Term
Name 4 Thoracic Membranes:
Definition

Visceral Pleura

Parietal Pleura

(possible pleural cavity)

Visceral pericardium

Parietal pericardium

(possible paricardial cavity)

Term
Name the 2 Abdominopelvic Membranes:
Definition

Visceral Peritoneum

Parietal Peritoneum

(potential peritoneal cavity)

Term
What is the Diaphragm?
Definition
Separates the Thoracic and Abdominal Cavities
Term
What is Aging?
Definition

Changes in the body with passing of time.

Examples: collagen, elastrin breakdown, metabolism slows, hair turns gray

Term
Describe Anatomical Position:
Definition
Standing erect, facing forward, uppler limbs at sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out
Term
Name Terms of Relative Position:(Orientation and Directional Terms)
Definition

1. Superior - above

2. Inferior - below

3. Anterior (Ventral) - toward the front of body

4. Posterior (dorsal) - towards the back of the body

5. Medial - towards center of body (midline of body)

6. Bilateral - paired structures

7. Ipsilateral - on the same side

8. Contralateral - on opposite sides

9. Proximal - close to point of attachment

10. Distal - farther from point of attachment

11. Superficial - close to body surface

12. Deep - more internal

Term
Name 3 body sections or planes:
Definition

Saggital: divides body into left and right portions

Coronal: divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse: divides body into superior/inferior portions

Term

Body Region Name for:

Head

 

Definition
Cephalic
Term

Body Region Name for:

Forehead

Definition
Frontal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Eye Cavity

Definition
Orbital
Term

Body Region Name for:

Cheek

Definition
Buccal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Chin

Definition
Mental
Term

Body Region Name for:

Ear

Definition
Otic
Term

Body Region Name for:

Nose

Definition
Nasal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Sternal

Definition
Mediastinum
Term

Body Region Name for:

Chest

Definition
Pectoral
Term

Body Region Name for:

Naval

Definition
Umbilical
Term

Body Region Name for:

Groin

Definition

Inguinal

(left/right side of genitals - between thigh and pelvis)

Term

Body Region Name for:

Hip

Definition
Coxal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Mouth

Definition
Oral
Term

Body Region Name for:

Neck

Definition
Cervical
Term

Body Region Name for:

point of shoulder

Definition
Acromial
Term

Body Region Name for:

Armpit

Definition
Axillary
Term

Body Region Name for:

Breast

Definition
Mammary
Term

Body Region Name for:

Arm

Definition
Brachial
Term

Body Region Name for:

Front of Elbow

Definition
Antecubital
Term

Body Region Name for:

Forearm

Definition
Antebrachial
Term

Body Region Name for:

Wrist

Definition
Carpal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Palm

Definition
Palmar
Term

Body Region Name for:

Finger

Definition
Digital
Term

Body Region Name for:

Reproductive Organs

Definition
Genital
Term

Body Region Name for:

Front of Knee

Definition
Patellar
Term

Body Region Name for:

Ankle (Instep)

Definition
Tarsal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Back of Head

Definition
Occipital
Term

Body Region Name for:

Spinal Column

Definition
Vertebral
Term

Body Region Name for:

Back

Definition
Dorsal (Dorsum)
Term

Body Region Name for:

Lower Back

Definition
Lumbar
Term

Body Region Name for:

Elbow

Definition
Cubital
Term

Body Region Name for:

Between Hips

Definition
Sacral
Term

Body Region Name for:

Space between rectum/genitals

Definition
Perineal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Thigh

Definition
Femoral
Term

Body Region Name for:

Buttocks

Definition
Gluteal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Back of Knee

Definition
Popliteal
Term

Body Region Name for:

Sole

Definition
Plantar
Term

Body Region Name for:

Foot

Definition
Pedal
Term
Name the 9 Abdominal Subdivisions
Definition

Right Hypochondriac Region, Epigastric Region, Left Hypochondriac Region

Right Lumbar Region, Umbilical Region, Left Lumbar Region

Right Iliac Region, Hypogastric Region, Left Iliac Region

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