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hiv and tb
hiv and tb
31
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
11/25/2013

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Term
Protozoa
Definition
Single cell, animal like. 4 catagories
-Amebas
-Cilliates
-Flagellates
-Sporozoa
IE giardiasis
Term
HIV is a retrovirus because
Definition
Replicates in a backwards manner: goes from RNA to DNA
Term
HIV viral load in blood
Definition
Viremia (large levels) for first 2-3 weeks
-Transmission more likely with high viral load
Followed by prolonged period (years) of low viral load
Virus eventually overcomes CD4 T cells and viral load rises (AIDS now)
Term
Cells infected by HIV
Definition
CD4 receptor cells
-T helper
-Lymphocytes
-Monocytes/macrophages
-Astrocytes
-Oligodendrocytes
Term
Normal T cell life vs hiv infected t cell
Definition
100 days vs 2 days
Term
Acute retroviral syndrome
Definition
First few weeks after infection
Before antibody test results become positive
Fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy and skin rash
Term
Early chronic HIV infection
Definition
3 weeks to 3 months post infection
HIV antibody tests become +ve
CD4 T lymphocytes count remains above 500cells/uL
Generally asymptomatic
Flu-like symptoms
Term
Intermediate chronic infection
Definition
Viral load increases
CD4 T lymphocyte count drops to 200-500
Most common infection is oropharyngeal candidiasis or thrush
Severe fatigue and night sweats
Term
Late chronic infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Definition
CD4 T cell count plummets to below 200
Viral load surges
Diagnosed when at least one of:
-CD4 t count bellow 200 cells/uL
-Development of one of a list of opportunistic infections
-Dev of one of a list of opportunistic cancers
-Wasting syndrome occurs
-Dementia develops
Term
HIV antibody testing
Definition
Sensitive screening test: enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
Reactive screening test: Rapid test, diagnosis of HIV-1 infection within 30 mins
Reactive must be confirmed by a supplemental test (Western blot or immunofluorescence assay)
Term
Newborns and HIV
Definition
All babies born to HIV+ mother will be positive for HIV antibody for 18 months due to antibodies crossing over
Can test for HIV antigen at 4 weeks
Term
Antiretoviral drug therapy
Definition
Three or more drugs used in combination
Term
Goals of drug therapy HIV
Definition
Decrease HIV RNA levels to less than 50 copies/ul
Maintain or raise CD4 to over 200 (800-1200 preffered)
Delay HIV related symptoms
Individualized treatment decisions
Term
HIV drug therapy catagories
Definition
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Fusion (entry) inhibitors
Term
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Definition
For HIV
Nucleoside (AZT, ZDV, Retrovir)
Non-nucleoside (viread)
Nucleotide (rescriptor)
-Inhibit HIV to make a DNA copy early in replication
Term
Protease inhibitors
Definition
ie Invirase
Interfere with activity of enzyme protease, inhibit viral replication at later step
Term
Integrase inhibitor
Definition
ie Raltegravir
Works by interefering with enzyme integrase
Term
Fusion (entry) inhibitor
Definition
ie Fuzeon
Interfere with HIV CD$ receptor site binding and entry into cells
Term
Adherents rates of ___ required to prevent HIV progression
Definition
95%
Term
Opportunist infections seen often with HIV
Definition
Pneumocystis carini pneumonia (PCP)
Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)
Term
Pneumocystisis carinii pneumonia
Definition
Caused by extremely common fungus
At risk when CD4 under 200
Preventable (antibiotics)
Non productive cough, SOB, hypoxemia, progressive shortness of breath, fever, night sweats, fatigue
Term
Cryptococcal meningitis
Definition
Brain infection caused by fungus found in dirt and bird droppings
Term
Cytomegalovircus retinitis
Definition
Infection of the retina, only with severe immune suppression
Lesions of the retina, blurred vision, loss of vision
Leads to blindness untreated
Term
Mycobacterium avium complex
Definition
Gastrointestional system affected
Sever immune impairment
Watery diarrhea and weight loss
Term
Kaposi's sarcoma
Definition
Classic AIDS cancer
Sarcoma: cancer in connective tissue
Firm, flat, raised or nodular hyperpigmented multicentric lesions
Term
TB is only infection in
Definition
the lungs and throat
Term
TB infection
Definition
Latent TB
Exposed to TB bacteria but immune system strong enough to handle it
Positive skin test
No TB symptoms, not contagious
Term
TB disease
Definition
TB bacteria actively replicating
Skin test may be positive or negative
Term
TB clinical manifestations
Definition
Cough >3 wks
Pleuritic pain
Abnormal chest xray
Fever/chills
Night sweats
Unexplained weight loss
Hemoptysis
Dyspnea unusual
Term
TB meds
Definition
Five mains ones
-Isoniazid
Rifampin (RMP)
Pyrazinamide
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
Term
Patients on antiretroviral drugs for HIV can't take?
Definition
RMP
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