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HIUS Exam 3
Jeffersonian-Jacksonian Era
92
History
Undergraduate 1
04/11/2012

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Term
Edenton Ladies Patriotic Guild
Definition
a group of 51 women in North Carolina who resisted taxation; they opposed the drinking of British tea or the wearing of British fashions to aid in the Revolutionary War effort
Term
Camp Followers
Definition
a group of women who would follow war camps and help out in any way possible; most of time the wives of officers-Martha Washington, Mrs. Greene, etc.
Term
Margaret Corbin
Definition
woman who fought with her husband in the Revolutionary War; seriously wounded and received pension from the U.S. Military
Term
Deborah Sampson
Definition
woman who impersonated a man in the war to fight; fought for 17 months before being wounded and honorably discharged from West Point in 1783
Term
Frederika Charlotte Louise von Massow
Definition
wife of General Riesedel who followed him in the Saratoga campaign
Term
Philadelphia Young Ladies Academy
Definition
academy for young ladies co-founded by Benjamin Rush; brought on by the Enlightenment
Term
“Cult of Republican Womanhood”
Definition
a woman best serves the state if she becomes an educated, rational,virtuous mother and then instilling those same morals on her children and produce citizens who can properly participate in the republican process;
Term
Federal Hall
Definition
Formerly NYC's city hall; 1st capitol of the U.S. under Washington
Term
Washington’s First Inaugural Address
Definition
April 30, 1789; humble and honored at Federal Hall, NYC; swore on the Bible
Term
Federalist 84
Definition
written by Hamilton; idea that bill of rights is not necessary and would impede on the rights that the people already have
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
introduced by James Madison; 1st ten amendments to the Constitution; adopted Dec. 15th, 1791 by ratification of 3/4 of the states
Term
Judiciary Act of 1789
Definition
Sept 24, 1789-established the Supreme Court and set up judiciary districts
Term
John Jay
Definition
1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; Federalist; was formerly Sec of State
Term
Federalist Party
Definition
Formed by Alexander Hamilton in Washington's first term; America's first political party; included Marshall, Jay, Hamilton, ; believed in strong centralized Federal gov't
Term
Jeffersonian Republicans
Definition
Founded by Jefferson and Madison around 1791; of the people; opposed Federalists and anything Hamilton did
Term
“The Dinner Table Bargain”
Definition
Agreement between Jefferson, Madison, and Hamilton with the backing of Washington to move the capitol to D.C. to appease the North and South; to prevent civil war; also created to pay off debt
Term
First Bank of the United States
Definition
Championed by Hamilton (1st Sec of Treasury); Chartered for 20 years by Congress in 1791; included three part expansion of federal fiscal and monetary power
Term
The Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
Tax protest of Pennsylvanian farmers at the beginning of Washington's 1st term; opposed tax in place by Hamilton to pay off nat'l debt; suppressed by militia and established federal power
Term
“Citizen Genet”
Definition
French Ambassador in the French Revolution who attempted to go against the U.S. gov't to try to pit the people against Britain; his ties to France were lost while he was in America and appealed for asylum from Washington
Term
Jay’s Treaty
Definition
Designed by Hamilton and supported by Jay and Washington; Britain had to rescind forts in NW territories, war debt went into arbitration, Limits on trading in colonies and American cotton trade
Term
Pinckney’s Treaty
Definition
1795 Spanish and U.S. treaty by Thomas Pinckney that guaranteed the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River in exchange for Florida
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
championed the idea of interchangeable parts and invented the cotton gin in 1794 which not only set off the industrial revolution but created a renewed interest in slavery in the south
Term
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
Definition
ensured that slaveowners could recover their slaves in any state regardless of state laws against slavery; makes helping escaped slaves a federal crime
Term
Slave Trade Act of 1794
Definition
limited the importation and shipment of slaves into and out of the U.S.
Term
Washington’s Farewell Address
Definition
Letter that Washington wrote at the end of his second term warning the American public of sectionalism, political parties, international affairs, checks and balances, religion, and ending with a kindly farewell as their leader
Term
The XYZ Affair
Definition
John Adams sent a delegation of 3 ministers to France to avoid open war. Three ministers of France wanted them to pay $250,000 to Talleyrand but Adams saw this as a great offense. The ministers that came to America were seen as ministers X, Y, and Z. The French eventually gave in in 1800 when they signed the treaty.
Term
The Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)
Definition
Four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalist and signed by John Adams in effect of the Quasi War. These acts created a nationwide naturalization clause, dealt with alien and enemy alien affairs, and made it a crime to publish ill speakings of the government. This was highly opposed by the Jeffersonian Republicans.
Term
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798)
Definition
Resolutions by Jeffersonian Republicans that declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional. Jefferson wrote the VA resolutions while James Madison wrote the Kentucky resolutions which called for statewide nullification of the formerly passed acts.
Term
The Quasi War
Definition
The undeclared war between France and the U.S. because of the Jay treaty along with the U.S.'s refusal to pay off former war debts. There were many naval incidents and it included the XYZ Affair. Ended with the convention of 1800
Term
The Election of 1800
Definition
Also referred to as the "Revolution of 1800" when Jefferson beat out Adams for the Presidency. Marked the beginning of the demise of the Federalist party.
Term
Albert Gallatin
Definition
The secretary of the treasury from 1801-1813 under presidents Madison and Jefferson
Term
James Madison
Definition
Virginian Lawyer who gained the Presidency from 1809-1817. He was an original drafter of the constitution, the bill of rights, and the KY resolves. He also was involved in Marbury v. Madison and was Jefferson Sec. of State in his two terms. Championed the Louisiana Purchase. Was president through the war of 1812
Term
Life in Jefferson’s White House
Definition
Jefferson's White House was very simple, and not very prestigious. He was known to throw large parties where many commoners were invited and he had no class distinction.
Term
Jefferson’s Domestic Policies
Definition
repealed Alien and Sedition Acts; continued Hamiltonian bank and tariff system; decreased military size; wanted to reduce debt by revenue on customs; urged congress to repeal Judiciary Act of 1801, which they did
Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition
The Supreme court case regarding Adam's midnight appointments. Marbury wanted to keep his appointment but Madison claimed he did not have to deliver the commission. Marshall and the court decided 4-0 that Marbury can keep his position as judge. Gave the judiciary branch the ability to police other branches; it was a great extension of judicial power
Term
Louisiana Purchase
Definition
SoS Madison's purchase of the LA territory from France in 1803 for $15 million
Term
USS Philadelphia
Definition
U.S. frigate that was involved in the first Barbary war. ran aground in Tripoli
Term
USS Constitution
Definition
Famous U.S. War ship that defeated five British ships in the War of 1812, defended American from France in the Quasi-War, and also defeated barbary pirates in the First Barbary War; got the name "old ironsides"
Term
USS Intrepid
Definition
U.S. ship sent to Mediterranean. Captured by Barbary Pirates
Term
The Burr-Hamilton Duel
Definition
The duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton that stemmed from public animosity between the two and resulted in Hamilton's death.
Term
1808 Slave Trade Ban
Definition
The slave trade was banned. No importation of deportation of slaves into the U.S.
Term
“Committee of Five”
Definition
Roger Sherman, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson. Those who were called to draft the Declaration of Independence.
Term
Embargo Act
Definition
Jeffersonian Act created to punish Britain and France in 1807. Created nationwide Embargo and nonimportation policies and hurt the U.S. economy greatly
Term
“Broken Voyages”
Definition
Trade routes by America to other countries that would then trade to France or Britain with stops in between. Seen by Britain as an offense and brought into question via the Essex Affair
Term
HMS Leopard
Definition
Part of the Chesapeake-Leapord affair; British ship that boarded the USS Chesapeake and opened fire after no cooperation. Impetus to Embargo Act
Term
USS Chesapeake
Definition
Part of the Chesapeake-Leapord affair; American ship involved that refused to be boarded by British frigate; seen as a huge infringement on American neutral rights
Term
“Peaceable Coercion”
Definition
Jefferson's attempt to avoid war by putting in place the Embargo act and attempting to assert power through law rather than force towards Britain.
Term
Battle of Tippecanoe
Definition
Battle in 1811 between William Henry Harrison and Indian leader Tecumseh. Brought upon by Tecumseh's brother, Prophet, attacking U.S. troops. Harrison came to great victory by destroying the major Indian village, Prophetstown.
Term
William Henry Harrison
Definition
Hero of the battle of Tippecanoe and the 9th POTUS
Term
Tecumseh
Definition
Indian leader who fought William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe
Term
The Prophet
Definition
Tecumseh's war mongering brother who began the battle at Tippecanoe without the permission of his brother
Term
War Hawks
Definition
Democratic-Republicans from the west and south that supported war against Britain for interference with American shipping; included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun; opposed by President Madison
Term
Battle of the Thames
Definition
Key American victory in the War of 1812 that resulted in Tecumseh's death and the subsequent destruction of his nation; Harrison's Battle of General Proctor
Term
The Burning of Washington
Definition
1814; British broke through American lines and burned the White House and Capitol Building and other facilities of the U.S. government
Term
“The Star Spangled Banner”
Definition
Written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key after witnessing the bombardment of Ft. McHenry by British Naval Ships in the Chesapeake Bay; to tune of British hymn; made nat'l anthem in 1931
Term
The Battle of New Orleans
Definition
Gen. Andrew Jackson's successful defense of New Orleans in which he defeated the British in January 1815 after the Treaty of Ghent was signed
Term
Andrew Jackson
Definition
7th POTUS; from Tennessee; rowdy man; victor in the Battle of New Orleans; infamous for his temper
Term
Hartford Convention
Definition
New England Federalists' meetings in the north to oppose the war and suggest other changes to the Constitution including the repeal of the 3/5 compromise; shot down by Democratic-Republican Congress and marked end of Federalist Party
Term
Treaty of Ghent
Definition
December 1814 Treaty to end the War of 1812; gave Britain Canada and returned U.S. land back; also Britain gave back slaves escaped to British territory
Term
The Lowell System
Definition
Factory system in Lowell, Massachusetts in which women worked from 5:00 am to 7:00 pm and had curfew at 9:00 pm; became known as mill girls
Term
Samuel F. B. Morse
Definition
inventor of the Telegraph in 1832
Term
Cyrus McCormick
Definition
Founder of McCormick Harvesting Machine in 1831
Term
John Deere
Definition
invented the steel plow in 1837
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
championed interchangeable parts in building muskets and invented the cotton gin in 1794; reaffirmed southern need for slavery
Term
Transportation Revolution
Definition
began with production of railroads and steamboats; came with the industrial revolution; aided in the expansion of America after the Civil War
Term
“The Era of Good Feelings”
Definition
A brief period in history in which the States had a unity and desire for American Supremacy; during Monroe Presidency (1817-1825); not really true
Term
Second Bank of the United States
Definition
Chartered in 1815 for 20 years; lasted for five years as a normal bank before going bankrupt in 1841; needed to manage war debt and deal with the Panic of 1819; highly opposed by Jackson during his Presidency
Term
Second Barbary War
Definition
Second major war against pirates in Tripoli and Algeria in 1815; ended in a treaty
Term
The Missouri Compromise
Definition
the agreement in 1820 that the 36'30 line in Missouri would be the boundary of slavery; Missouri would enter in as a slave state, and Maine as a free state
Term
36°30’ Line
Definition
The line that was a result of the Missouri Compromise that outlawed slavery north of it
Term
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
Definition
Supreme court case that favored the private charter of states rights; New Hampshire attempted to make Dartmouth a public institution
Term
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Definition
Asserted National BOTUS' right to not be taxed by the state of Maryland
Term
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Definition
Affirmed the power of the Federal gov't over interstate commerce; said New York could not claim a monopoly on their waters
Term
The Monroe Doctrine
Definition
1820's U.S. Policy that state if any European Powers attempt to meddle with Latin America, then the U.S. would get involved
Term
Henry Clay
Definition
War Hawk, Senator, and Speaker of the House that aided in many large contributions to the U.S. including the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850
Term
“Anti-Masonic” Party
Definition
Party in NY that highly opposed the free masons out of fear; introduced the idea of the political convention to nominate a candidate
Term
William Morgan
Definition
former free mason whose expose book on free masonry and subsequent disappearance led to the formation of the "Anti-Masonic" party
Term
Panic of 1819
Definition
economic downturn in the era of good feelings that began the first cycle of the U.S. boom bust economy
Term
Election of 1824
Definition
Elected John Q. Adams as 8th POTUS; first election since 12th amendment passed
Term
Corrupt Bargain
Definition
The term that Andrew Jackson used to describe the support given to JQA by Henry Clay in the election of 1824 in exchange for Clay's position as SoS; won Jackson the presidency in 1828
Term
John Quincy Adams
Definition
8th POTUS; not a good president; carried on similarly to his father
Term
Election of 1828
Definition
Adams was not reelected; Jackson won majority with democrats; transition from first to second party system
Term
John C. Calhoun
Definition
SC politician who led many large debates including the nullification crisis in the 1830's
Term
Democratic Republicanism
Definition
founded by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson; represented the common man and states rights; championed by Andrew Jackson and included the transition to the new party system
Term
Indian Removal
Definition
Jackson's presidential policy signed in 1830 that made all indians east of the Mississippi move to other parts of the U.S.; included five major tribes and not all moved peaceably: Choctaw did, Cherokee did not; started with assimilation but did not work
Term
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Definition
the court ruled the Cherokee nation as an independent nation and therefore could hold their ground; Jackson completely ignored this
Term
Worchester v. Georgia (1832)
Definition
court reinstated that it was unconstitutional to move the Cherokee; Jackson again ignored it
Term
Nullification Crisis
Definition
SC declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional and unenforceable after 1833 under the leadership of John C. Calhoun; Andrew Jackson responded with Congress' Force Bill that allowed him to use military force against SC; SC backed down after tariffs were lowered
Term
Tariff of Abominations
Definition
Tariff of 1828 that was meant to protect northern economy by raising a tariff on imported goods; this hurt the south because they could not produce many of the products taxed so all prices went up; this was soon labeled the "Tariff of Abominations" by SC
Term
The Bank War
Definition
Andrew Jackson's war against the 2nd BOTUS; he did not support the charter and did everything he could to make sure it was not rechartered; he vetoed the rechartering multiple times and succeeded, for the next national bank was not in place until the Federal Reserve was chartered in 1913
Term
The Whigs
Definition
part of the 2nd party system that arose to oppose the Democratic Republicans and Jackson; included Harrison, Clay, and eventually Lincoln; supported supremacy of Congress over the presidency
Term
“King Andrew”
Definition
the moniker given to Jackson by Whigs that suggested he was using the presidency more like a monarchy
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