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History & Systems of Psychology Ch.14- Other Behavioral Psyh
History, Philosophy, Systems, Important People & Trends in Psychology-- Textbook: King, Viney, Woody
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/16/2009

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Term
equipotentiality
Definition
one part of the cortex can take over the function of another part
Term
impact of equipotentiality
Definition
some functions lost from brain damage can be restored through relearning using other regions
Term
Hull's reinforcement
Definition
stimuli that reduce drive

ex food reduces hunger
Term
Hull's secondary reinforcement
Definition
secondary reinforcement plays a crucial role in controlling behavior

a stimulus often presented with primary reinforces takes on reinforcing properties
Term
what additional dimension played a big role in hull's reinforcement
Definition
incentives
Term
extinction
Definition
includes reactive & conditioned inhibition
Term
reactive inhibition
Definition
(inhibiting) effect of fatigue/boredom in response to a stimulus & ability to learn

-dissipates with time
Term
conditioned inhibition
Definition
the reward of resting after a response

(response = tiring reactive inhibition)
Term
intervening variables
Definition
hypothetical state that explains relationships between observed variables
Term
Guthrie's view on reinforcement
Definition
has NO effect on learning
Term
law of contiguity
Definition
the ONLY law of learning

- we learn connections when stimuli are arranged so that they can be effective cues for a desired response

i.e. putting the coat rack right inside the doorway, so it is "in the way" to be used
Term
Guthrie's one-trial learning
Definition
learning takes places in one trial

when there is an appropriate conjunction between stimulus and response, a connection is immediately established
Term
Guthrie's extinction
Definition
new learning resulting from the process of established new responses to old stimuli
Term
Tolman's intervening variables
Definition
psychological processes that direct behavior and mediate between stimuli and responses i.e hypothesis, expectancies etc
Term
why is an Expectancy a good example of Tollman's intervening variable
Definition
after a series of successful trials, an expectancy of success will develop, which will then alter the way in which one reacts
Term
Tolman's extinction
Definition
change in the expectancies of the organism

*cognitive interpretation
Term
B.F. Skinner's first and middle name
Definition
Burrhus Frederic
Term
who was B.F. Skinner
Definition
-influential BEHAVIORIST
- scientist
- caused uproars
Term
BF Skinner's contribution
Definition
- expanded methodological behaviorism to RADICAL behaviorism
- operant conditioning
- research on animal learning
- developed cumulative recorder
- applied research
- experimental behavior analysis
Term
Skinner viewed psychology as what kind of science
Definition
objective and natural
Term
operant conditioning
Definition
response & reinforcement

modifying behavior due to reinforcement
Term
reinforcer (operant conditioning)
Definition
anything that increases probability of future occurrences
Term
positive reinforcer
Definition
stimulus that INCREASES likelihood of future response
Term
negative reinforcers
Definition
removing an aversive stimulus to increase responses

i.e. taking away extreme heat (players will play better)
Term
Skinner's applied research areas
Definition
- verbal behavior
- developmental psychology
- aircrib
- application of behavioral principles in education
- process of aging
Term
Skinner's applied research: Verbal behavior
Definition
verbal behavior is learned and is modified by ensuing consequences from a given community
Term
Skinner's applied research: developmental and educational applications
Definition
- developed the aircrib
- programmed instructions (programs that give immediate feedback for responses)

-
Term
Skinner's applied research: military applications
Definition
Project Pigeon- trained pigeons to navigate an armed glider
Term
Skinner's applied research: military applications
Definition
Project Pigeon- trained pigeons to navigate an armed glider
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