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History Semester Exam Study Guide
study guide
108
History
8th Grade
12/15/2012

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Term
time before people kept written records
Definition
prehistoric
Term
What are the 3 ages of prehistory?
Definition
old stone age
middle stone age
new stone age
Term
What is another term for the old Stone Age?
Definition
paleolithic
Term
What is another term for the middle Stone Age?
Definition
mesolithic
Term
What is another term for the New Stone Age?
Definition
neolithic
Term
What are periods with extremely cold weather called?
Definition
ice age
Term
Describe the Ice Age.
Definition
-1/3 of Northern Hemisphere covered in ice
-ice several miles thick
-land bridges exposed
-many plants and animals disappeared
Term
Describe how the Neanderthal people of the Old Stone Age lived.
Definition
Nomadic, lived in caves, used fire
Term
What were artifacts from the Old Stone Age made of?
Definition
stone
Term
The Middle East is located on what three continents?
Definition
Europe, Asia, Africa
Term
Identify Mespotamia.
Definition
Garden of Eden was located here
Term
List four reasons why the Middle East is so important to the world.
Definition
Suez Canal, History, oil, religious center
Term
What advancements did man make in the Middle Stone Age?
Definition
1st domesticated animals (goats and dogs)
Term
List the 5 characteristics of a civilization.
Definition
-advanced technical skills
-government
-division of labor
-calendar
-written language
Term
What Middle East country has land in both Europe and Asia?
Definition
Turkey
Term
What percent of Egypt is desert?
Definition
90%
Term
Which desert is located in Egypt?
Definition
Sahara Desert
Term
What were ancient Egyptian rulers called?
Definition
pharaohs
Term
What was the final empire to control Egypt?
Definition
Ottoman Empire
Term
What was queen of Egypt when the Romans took over?
Definition
Cleopatra
Term
What was the 1st totally intact tomb discovered by archaeologists?
Definition
King Tut's Tomb
Term
Who was the 1st woman ruler that we have written record of?
Definition
Hatshepsut
Term
What system of writing did ancient Egyptians use?
Definition
heiroglyphics
Term
Describe the Great Sphinx.
Definition
Body of a lion, head of a man
Term
How tall is the Great Pyramid?
Definition
450 feet tall
Term
What was used to make the first convenient writing material?
Definition
paprus
Term
Who was the "Father of the Jews"?
Definition
Abraham
Term
What did the Hebrews nickname Canaan? Why?
Definition
Promised Land- God promised the land to the Hebrews
Term
What famous set of laws did God hand down to the Hebrews?
Definition
10 Commandments
Term
Who were the first three kings of Israel?
Definition
Saul, David, and Soloman
Term
What is the religion of the Jews called?
Definition
Judaism
Term
What do Christians believe about Jesus? How did he die?
Definition
Jesus was the son of God who rose from the dead and that by faith in Jesus is the only way to get right with God- Crucified on the cross.
Term
What did Rome rename Israel?
Definition
Palestine
Term
Belief in one God?
Definition
monotheism
Term
What event force the Jews to move to Egypt?
Definition
crusades
Term
What holidays are associated with Jesus?
Definition
Christmas- holiday celebrating Jesus' birth
Easter- holiday celebrating death and resurrection of Jesus
Term
What was Iran called in ancient times?
Definition
Persia
Term
What two rivers are often called the Twin Rivers?
Definition
Tigris and Euphrates
Term
What body of water do the Twin Rivers empty into?
Definition
Persian Gulf
Term
What empire was the cruelest and had the most warlike people of ancient times?
Definition
Assyrians
Term
What did Nebuchadnezzar build that was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
Definition
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Term
What nickname is given to the Fertile Crescent?
Definition
Cradle of Civilization
Term
Who founded the Muslim religion?
Definition
Muhammad
Term
What are Muslims forbidden to eat and drink?
Definition
no pork or alcohol
Term
How many wives may a Muslim have?
Definition
up to 4
Term
How many times a day does a Muslim pray?
Definition
five
Term
Muslims are followers of what religion?
Definition
Islamic
Term
What country takes up 3/4 of the Arabian Peninsula?
Definition
Saudi Arabia
Term
What were Ottoman rulers called?
Definition
Sultans
Term
Where was Muhammad born and buried?
Definition
Mecca, Medina
Term
What was the 1st set of Muslim written laws?
Definition
Code of Hammurabi
Term
What natural resource is abundant on the Arabian Peninsula?
Definition
oil
Term
What natural resource is scarce on the Arabian Peninsula?
Definition
water
Term
What is a jihad?
Definition
Muslim holy/religious war
Term
What is a Muslim church?
Definition
Mosque
Term
What is the capital of Syria? Why is it historically important?
Definition
Damascus- oldest permanent city in the world
Term
What is the belief in many gods?
Definition
polytheism
Term
What type of landform is Greece?
Definition
peninsula
Term
What did the Mycenaen's use to navigate their ships?
Definition
sun and stars
Term
What did Greek gods and goddesses' control?
Definition
nature
Term
What Greek god was the chief god?
Definition
Zues
Term
What was the Greek god of war?
Definition
Ares
Term
Where did the Greek gods live?
Definition
Mount Olympus
Term
What type of government was Athens?
Definition
direct democracy
Term
What did Alexander have built that was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
Definition
The City of Alexandria
Term
What was the name of the war between Sparta and Athens?
Definition
Peloponnesian War
Term
What Greek goddess was Athens named for?
Definition
Athena
Term
What are the 3 types of Greek columns?
Definition
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
Term
Which Greek scientist is known as the "Father of Medicine"?
Definition
Hippocrates
Term
Around what river was Rome established?
Definition
Tiber River
Term
What was the name of the wars Rome fought with Carthage?
Definition
The Punic Wars
Term
How did Marc Antony and Cleopatra die?
Definition
suicide
Term
What does Pax Romana mean?
Definition
roman peace
Term
What was the calendar that Julius Caesar created?
Definition
the Julian Calendar
Term
What type of landform is Italy?
Definition
peninsula
Term
Define Renaissance?
Definition
rebirth
Term
What shape does Italy resemble?
Definition
a boot
Term
What mountains lie north of Italy?
Definition
Swiss Alps
Term
Who became consul of Rome in 59 BC- assassinated by Marcus Brutus and Gaiues Cassius?
Definition
Julius Caesar
Term
Who was the 1st Christian Roman Emperor?
Definition
Constantine
Term
What Roman emperor appointed his favorite horse consul of Rome?
Definition
Calugula
Term
What Italian Renaissance artist painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper?
Definition
Leonardo da Vinci
Term
What Italian Renaissance artist painted the Sistine Chapel as well as sculpted the statue of David?
Definition
Michaelangelo
Term
What emperor played the fiddle while Rome burned?
Definition
Nero
Term
What do Ireland and the UK make up?
Definition
British Isles
Term
What countries make up the UK? Great Britain?
Definition
England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales
Term
What countries make up Scandinavia?
Definition
Norway, Sweden, Denmark
Term
What was King John forced to sign in 1215?
Definition
the Magna Carta
Term
Where was the 1st permanent English settlement in the new world?
Definition
Jamestown, VA
Term
Who conquered England in the 800s?
Definition
vikings
Term
What king created the Anglican Church- married 6 times and had 2 wives killed?
Definition
Henry 8
Term
What queen of England's nickname was Virgin Queen?
Definition
Elizabeth 1
Term
What queen's nickname was Bloody Mary?
Definition
Mary 1
Term
What is another name for the Spanish army?
Definition
armada
Term
Who defeated the armada in 1588?
Definition
England, Sir Frances Drake
Term
What Renaissance author wrote Hamlet, Macbeth, and Romeo and Juliet?
Definition
William Shakespeare
Term
What English king had the Bible first printed in English?
Definition
King James
Term
Who was king of England during the American Revolution?
Definition
George 3
Term
What ruler created the Papal States?
Definition
Pepin the Short
Term
What French king helped lead the 3rd Crusade?
Definition
Phillip 2, Crusade of the 3 kings
Term
What 2 countries fought in the 100 Years War?
Definition
France and England
Term
Who was the most famous French military leader of the Hundred Years War?
Definition
Joan of Arc- 17 years old, fought with france, put on trial for witchcraft ad heresy
Term
Who started the Protestant religion Clavinism?
Definition
John Calvin
Term
Define predestination.
Definition
belief that no matter what a person does, the outcome fo his or her life is already planned by God
Term
Who founded the 1st French settlement in the New World? When? Where?
Definition
Samuel de Champlain, 1608, Canada (Quebec)
Term
Who claimed the entire inland of the US for France? What did he name it?
Definition
Robert de la Salle, Louisiana
Term
What 2 countries fought in the French and Indian War? What was the war called in Europe?
Definition
England and France, 7 Years War
Term
Define crusade.
Definition
holy wars led by Christians
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