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history quiz 2
Armstrong atlantic flex term quiz 2
51
History
Undergraduate 1
10/28/2015

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Term
began through the innovations of transportation and communication in which people began to buy and sell goods
Definition
Market Revolution(1800-1850)
Term

Congress authorized the creation of a road from Cumberland, Maryland to the Old Northwest.  By 1818 it reached Wheeling on the Ohio River. By 1838 it extended to Illinois

 

Definition
National Road 1806
Term

 a 363 mile canal across New York allowed goods to flow from the Great Lakes to New York. Governor DeWitt Clinton. Canal attracted English farmers and created the cities of Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse. Caused other states to build over 3,000 canals and greatly reduced transportation costs

 

Definition
Erie Canal
Term

(1819) Spain sold Florida to the US negotiated by John Quincy Adams

Definition
Adams - Onis treaty
Term

1.       the early industrial revolution that focused on the production of cotton through water-powered spinning and weaving machinery

-          Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin (1793)

-          Slave trading became an organized business within the US (since it was illegal to trade through the Atlantic due to the Constitution)

 

-          Broke up family ties between slaves and their chances of freedom

Definition
The cotton Kingdom
Term
invented the steel plow in 1837
Definition
John Deere
Term
the reaper was invented in 1831
Definition
McCormick
Term

1.       factories gathered large groups of people and replaced hand tools wih power-driven machinery

-          Samuel Slater created the first factory in 1790 in Rhode Island

 

-          American System of Manufacturers: relied on mass production of interchangeable parts that could be assembled into finished products

Definition
Factories systems
Term

-          Hostility between immigrants from Europe

-          The Alien Act of 1798: fear of immigrants with political views

 

-          Those who feared the impact of immigration on American political and social life

Definition
Natavist Arguments
Term

-          (1819)corporate charters are contracts, which lawmakers could not alter

Definition
Dartmouth Vs Woodward
Term

-          (1824) struck down a monopoly of steamboat navigation provided by a New York Legislature

Definition
Gibbons vs Ogden
Term

1.       : US was divinely allowed to occupy all of North America with westward expansion 

Definition
Manifest Destiny
Term

-          Freedom was a process of self-realization

-          Ralph Emerson (1830)

-          Individual judgement over existing social traditions and institutions

 

-          Henry Thoreau: modern society stifled the individual and was destroying nature too 

Definition
Transcendentalist
Term

1.       Second Great Awakening preacher who talked about the self (improvement, reliance, and determination)

-          Warned of hell but promised salvation to those who turned away from sinful life

 

-          Christianity blossomed as a national religion

Definition
Charles Finney
Term

-          : (1820’s) a farmer in New York who claimed to have religious visions that led to gold plates with writing on them that he published into the Book of Mormon

 

-          Mormonism emerged during the Second Great Awakening 

Definition
Joseph Smith
Term

-          successor after Smith was murdered, led 2,000 Mormon followers across the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains to Utah 

Definition
Brigham Young
Term

-          Lived in the poorest cities like New York, Philadelphia and Cincinnati

-          Excluded from mew economic opportunities and constructed their own institutional lives and church (African Methodist Episcopal Church)

-          Lowest ranks of the labor market

 

-          Couldn’t take advantage of western expansion

Definition
Market revolution and free blacks
Term

-          Some moved with the opportunities provided by the market revolution

-          Women’s place was at home where she provided an environment safe from market stresses

 

-          Had more power in the home but no power outside it

Definition
Cult of Domesticity
Term

-          after abolishment in the North slavery was an institution unique to Southern Society

Definition
Peculiar institution
Term

-          line drawn between Maryland and Pennsylvanian which divided the country between slaves and freedom

Definition
Mason Dixon Line
Term

-          Only “large” city in the Southern Cotton Kingdom and 6th largest in all of US

-          World’s leading exporter of slave grown crops

 

-          Northerners viewed slavery as the reason the US didn’t grow, this city proved them wrong 

Definition
New Orleans
Term

1.       planters followed a hierarchical agrarian society in which slaveholders took care for the physical and moral well-being of their wives, children, and slaves

 

-          Became more important after the closing of the African Slave Trade in 1808

Definition
Paternalism
Term

1.       writers began to question liberty, equality and democracy that was universal in all other parts of the US

 

-          Spreading the defense of slavery by saying that slavery entitles white equality 

Definition
Proslavery
Term

-          Slaves were property

 

-          No voice in the governments that ruled over them (couldn’t testify in court, sign contracts or gain property, own guns, hold meetings, or leave their farm/plantation) 

Definition
Status of slaves during 1800s
Term

1.       born in 1820, she escaped slavery and continuously went back and forth to help other slaves escape 

Definition
Harriett Tubman
Term

-          A large group of slaves took control over the Amistad boat which was taking them from Cuba to another port

-           An American vessel took control of the boat and favored returning the slaves to Cuba.

-          Abolitionist argued against it and brought the case to John Quincy Adams.

 

-          He viewed that the slaves were brought illegally and gave them their freedom. 

Definition
Amistad Case
Term

-          (1822) a slave purchased his freedom through lottery  and believed that the bible says freedom is to both blacks and whites

Definition
Denmark Vesay
Term

-          : (August 22, 1831) he led an uprising through a message by God and attacked many white families with several other fellow slaves

 

-          Militia had to break apart the uprising

Definition
Nat Turner
Term

1.       communities arose from religious conviction or from desires to counteract the social and economic changed from the market revolution

Hoped to restore social harmony 

Definition
Utopian Communites
Term
education reformer that believed public education would restore equality
Definition
Horace Mann
Term

1.       promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa

-          Henry Clay, John Marshall, Daniel Webster, Jackson

-          Believed racism was deeply rooted and that free slaves could never live here safely, so return them to Africa

 

-          Some left willingly, but the majority felt they were entitles to American rights

Definition
American Colonization Society
Term

-          , a free black who wrote that blacks need to unite, with force if needed, in the fight for freedom and abolishment

 

-          Warned whites that the nation would face divine punishment

Definition
David Walker in the appeal
Term

1.       in order to gain abolishment and freedom to black they used non-aggressive means in public surroundings to get the message across

 

-          Awaken the moral evil of slavery 

Definition
Moral Suasoin
Term
burned the constitution because he felt that it no national protection of slavery
Definition
William Lloyd Garrison
Term
former slave who wrote about the horrors of being a slave
Definition
Fredrick Douglas
Term

1.       (1848) group of women who fought for freedom of slaves and the end of slavery (brought up the issue of women’s suffrage)

Definition
Seneca Falls convention
Term

1.       American Anti-Slavery Society sparked a competitive group called the FOREIGN Anti-Slavery Society which believed that women shouldn’t hold any position in anti-slave business

Definition
Abolisionist in 1840s
Term

-          Determined to make abolitionism a political movement

 

-          James G. Birney as president

Definition
The Liberty Party
Term

-          Mexico prohibited emigration to US

-          Farmers and ranchers enjoyed the economic boom that emigrants and trading offered

 

-          Mexico’s ruler sent an army of 1835 to prevent American’s brining slaves with them 

Definition
Texas Revolt in 1835
Term
First ruler of California
Definition
Fremont
Term
: (1846) all territory acquired from Mexico was ruled as slave-free
Definition
Wilmont Priviso
Term

1.       ability to move to western areas offered the only alternative to permanent economic dependence for American workers

-          Preventing slavery from all western territories

 

-          Federal government had to provide free homesteads to settlers in the new territories

Definition
Free soil Platform in 1848
Term

-          The slave trade, but not slavery, would be abolished

-          Southerners could reclaim runaway slaves

 

-          Status of all other territories would be decided by the people (white inhabitants of the area)

Definition
Henry Clay and the compromise of 1850
Term

1.       status of slavery would be up to the voters (Douglas)

Definition
Popular sovereignty
Term

1.       hostility towards immigrants, especially Catholics, became a movement in 1854

Definition
Know - Nothing party
Term

1.       believed that opposed expansion of slavery based on the idea of “free labor” in which people worked to attain independence essential to freedom. 

Definition
New Party
Term

1.       a sporadic civil war broke out over the ability for people to vote for or against slavery which discredited the idea of popular sovereignty

Definition
Bleeding Kansas
Term
(1857) only white people could be citizens of the US
Definition
Dread Scott
Term

-          If slavery continued then the “love of liberty” would be extinguished

 

-          Blacks could better their condition due to natural rights, even if they aren’t equal to whites in every way 

Definition
Lincolns views on Slavery
Term

1.       southern nationalists who wanted to split the party and the country to form an independent Southern Confederacy

Definition
Fire Eaters
Term

-          Lincoln, republican

-          Breckinridge, Southern Democrat

-          Bell, Constitutional Union

 

-          Douglas, Northern Democrat

Definition
1860 Election
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