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History of Psychology Ch. 10
People and Terms
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
03/08/2013

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Cards

Term



Psychophysics

Definition

 

 

The Study of the relationships between stimuli and the psychological impressions of those stimuli

Term

 

 

Threshold

Definition



The maximum or  minimal stimuli intensity that is detected 50% of the time

 

Term

 


Difference Threshold

Definition



 

 

The minimal stimulus difference that is detectable 50% of the time

Term



Aesthesiometer

Definition


Used to measure tactile sensitivity. Two points can be stimulated simultaneously. Participants report whether they feel both points or only one.

Term



Ernst Heinrich Weber

Definition

Studied the sense of touch.

Demonstrated that different locations on the body have different two-point threshold.

Depended too on how the points of the aesthesionmeter points were placed on the skin.

Term



Ernst Heinrich Weber

"Weber’s Illusion"

Definition

Sensitive area: Seeming point convergence

Insensitive area: Seeming point divergence

Term

 

 

Gustav Theodor Fechner

Definition

Struggled with the mind-brain problem.

Wrestled with: Day/Night view: Wrote under the pseudonym of “Dr. Mises”. 

Developed new methodologies in psychophysics.


Method of limits (low – high or high - low)
Method of Constant Stimuli (Sounds presented at random intensity)
Method of Average Error a.k.a Method of adjustment (Control own stimuli - Least accurate)

Term

 

 

Night View

Definition



Extreme materialism

Term

 

 

Day View

Definition

 Panpsychism

The view that all matter has a mental aspect, or alternatively, all objects have a unified center of experience or point of view

Term



Rudolph Hermann Lotze

Definition

Wrote the first book in psychological psychology


Pioneered work in the perception of space and depth

Term



Hermann Von Helmholtz

Definition

An innovator in physics, physiology and psychology.

Rejected vitalism and argued the psychological phenomena and physical in nature.

Created the Opthalmoscope and stereoscope


Argued infants learn about the world through extensive experience and unconscious inferences.

Contributed to the trichromatic theory of color vision.

Pioneered research into auditory perception.

Term



Opthaloscope

Definition


An instrument for viewing the interior of the eye, especially the retina

Term



Stereoscope

Definition


An instrument that produces a three-dimensional effect by simultaneously presenting slighty different two-dimensional view to left and right eyes

Term


Wundt:

Element

Definition



Simple sensation

Term


Wundt:

Sensation

Definition


A Combination (aka compund) of outwards impressions

Term


Wundt:

Idea/Perception

Definition


A combination (aka compound) arising from memory, early associations and other sources

Term


Wundt:

Association

Definition



The passive combination of elements

Term

Wundt:

Apperception

Definition



The active combination of elements

Term

Emil Kraepelin

Definition

 

Advanced a theory of schizophrenia

Work wuld eventually lead to Alzheimer's research

Argued against psychoanalysis

- Psychopathology has organic causality

Term



Lightmer Witmer

Definition


Applied Wundt's ideas to pain and to the special learning problem of children with mental disorders

Opened the first clinic run by psychologist

Was the first too see scientific psychology as the basis for a helping confession

- Considered to be the founder of clinical psychology

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