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History of Earth
Rock layers to fossils
40
Science
8th Grade
09/13/2012

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Relative Age

Definition

 

The age of rock compared to other rocks.

Term

 

Absolute Age

Definition

 

The number of years since a rock formed.

Term

 

Intrusion

Definition

 

Magma cools and hardens

into Igneous Rock in the earth.

Term

 

Extrusion

Definition

 

Lava cools and hardens

into Igneous Rock on the Earth's surface.

Term

 

Igneous Rock

Definition

 

Rock made from hardened magma/lava

Term

 

Sedimentary Rock

Definition

 

Rock made from pieces of sediment (other rocks)

Term

 

Fault

Definition

 

A crack or break in the Earth's crust

Term

 

Law of Superposition

Definition

 

States: in horizontal, sedimentary rock layers,

 the oldest layer is always on the bottom (youngest on top)

Term

 

Erosion

Definition

 

The moving of Earth's surface by water or wind

Term

 

Deposition

Definition

 

Taking what was eroded and placing that material somewhere else

Term

 

Unconformity

Definition

 

When newer sedimentary layers touch a much older layer.  Shows where rock layers have been lost due to erosion.

Term

 

Index Fossil

Definition

 

An organism that lived all over the world for a short amount of time.

 

They help match rock layers and give relative ages.

 

Examples: Ammonite and Trilobite

Term

 

Fossils

Definition

 

The preserved remains or traces of once living things

Term

 

Mold Fossil

Definition

 

A hollow area buried in sediment

 (from the hard part of an organism)

Term

 

Cast Fossil

Definition

 

A solid copy of the shape of an organism

(copy of a mold)

Term

 

Trace Fossils

Definition

 

Provides evidence of an ancient organism's activities.

Tells: size, behavior, shape, loner or in a pack, etc..

 

Example: footprint, trail, burrow

Term

 

Carbon Films

Definition

 

A thin coating of carbon on rock.

 

Preserves delicate parts such as leaves and wings

Term

 

Preserved Fossils

Definition

 

The preserved remains of an organism with little to no change

 

Examples: Tar, Amber, ice

Term

 

Petrified Fossil

Definition

 

When an organism turns to stone.

 

Minerals replace cells of trees and plants

Term
What does this picture show?[image]
Definition

 

Unconformities 

Term

What layers is the oldest?

[image]

Definition

 

Layer D because it is on the bottom

Term

What layer is the youngest?

[image]

Definition

 

Layer A because it is on the top

Term

 

Continental Drift

Definition

 

Continents move apart, towards and past one another

Term

 

Sea Floor Spreading

Definition

 

The ocean floor spreads apart at divergent boundaries

Term

 

What kind of plate boundary does this picture show?

[image]

Definition

 

Convergent boundary

Term

What kind of plate boundary does this picture show?

[image]

Definition

 

Divergent boundary

Term

What kind of plate boundary is this?

[image]

Definition

 

Transverse boundary

Term

 

What is the name of the divergent boundary that wraps around the world on the ocean floor?

Definition

 

Mid-Ocean Ridge

Term

 

Why is the rock at the ocean floor the youngest on the planet?

Definition

 

New ocean floor is constantly being made while older ocean floor is constantly being melted back into the mantle

Term

 

Survival of the Fittest

Definition

 

When the fastest, smartest, strongest organism survives to reproduce

Term

 

Natural Selection

Definition

 

When an organism has a favorable trait (like fur color) that helps them survive to reproduce

Term

 

When there is a climate change, an organism must ____________ or die.

Definition

 

Adapt

Term

 

Ice Cores

Definition

 

Drilled ice that shows past;

atmosphere, temperature, ash, gases

Term

 

Ash in the atmosphere will...

Definition

 

Block out the sun and cool the Earth

Term

 

Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide...

Definition

 

Trap sunlight warming Earth

Term

 

Weathering

Definition

 

The breaking down of rock both mechanically (physically) and chemically

Term

 

Vestigial Structures

Definition

 

Provide clues to evolutionary history.

Are remnants of the structures from ancestors.

 

example: appendix

Term

 

Analogous Structures

Definition

 

Structures similar in appearance and function but do not show link to ancestors

 

example; bird and insect wing

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