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History of Canada one
Chapter Six - New France Takes Root, 1663 to 1763
47
History
Undergraduate 2
10/29/2013

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Term
When was the 30 years war?
Definition
From 1618 to 1648
Term
Which area remained outside of the 30 years war?
Definition
UK or England
Term
Why is it important that the UK or England stay out of the 30 years' war?
Definition
Because it sets England up in a situation of stability so they could become challengers of France in Canada
Term
What were the effects of the 30 years' war for Europe? Who was involved?
Definition
The events were catastrophically devastating in deaths, disease, famine, relocation, and it was upsetting for Gov. Nearly every country in Europe was involved.
Term
What are some key charactertistics of the 30 years' war?
Definition

- It is the last religious war 

- The experience of this war is the reason why France cannot focus on New France during this time period and the settlers in New France can do whatever they want in the 17th century 

- People begin to recognize thomas hobbes teaching: Leviathan 

Term
Who is Thomas Hobbes and what did he do?
Definition
He published the Leviathan
Term
When was the Leviathan published?
Definition
1651
Term
There is a picture in the book, who is the Leviathan, and how does it relate to the 30 years' war??
Definition
The guy over top of the town, what France needs to bring Europe back to a place of stability and wealth. The real person who becomes the Leviathan in Louis XIV.
Term
What did Louis XIV do, who is he?
Definition
He built versailles and other beautful places, he wanted to awe people with his wealth and power. He comes to the Throan when he is very young (1643-1715) and takes him til 1661 to get people on his agenda because then he decided he is going to take contro of the affairs in New France and have a direct approach. He claimed to rule by divine right but would say he is not divine; so the surpreme authority rests on him and no one else...however he still needs ministers to help him.
Term
Who is Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
Definition
He was the controller of general finances for King Louis XIV beginning in 1662. He had a vision of what colonial empire could look like, and he advised the king to create a navy to support the cross  Atlantic Empire and was then made the minister of colonial and maritime affairs.
Term
Why was Jean-Baptiste Colberts move in creating a Navy, and Louis XIV becoming king important to New France?
Definition
New France was now going to be a government enterprise and not everyone was going to be able to go voluntarily. The goal is now to make money and people of New France were not going to have as much freedom.
Term
When does France, or Louis XIV, take control of New France?
Definition
1663
Term
Who were the Daughters of the King (Filles du Roi)
Definition
There was only 230 female immigrants between 1643 to 1663, so the sent about 800 women (Fille du roi) to New France in 1663 that were suppposed to be strong enough to perform manual labor and have plenty of children, and specialized in skills that would benefit the colony. Most of the women were poor and from urban centers. Many of the women came for Parish General Hospital (unmarried pregnant women) and the ages were around 12 to 25, some older because they were unable to marry in France.
Term
Was the Daughters of the King successful? How successful?
Definition
It was considered successful by the French Gov. About 90% of the women stayed there and a very high proportion got married and had Children.
Term
How do we know the king and the governor general were so serious about these women being married?
Definition
No one could hunt or fish if they did not marry one of the women, if there was one in their district and she was available.
Term
Who were the key components of the Administration of New France?
Definition

Governor General 

Intendant 

 

Term
Where did the governor general reside?
Definition
In Quebec (The Port)
Term
Who was the most historical notable governor general?
Definition
Frontanac
Term
What were the must have characteristics of the Governor General?
Definition

A French Aristocrat 

Born in France 

Trained in France 

A Miliatary Man 

Term
The Governor General would be in charge of....?
Definition
The miliarty forces in new France, everyone would report to him.
Term
What was the Intendant responsible for?
Definition

Finances

Administration of Justice

Economic Development 

Civil Administration 

Hands on Implementer of French Policies 

Term
Who was the first intendant of New France?
Definition
Jean Talon, lived from 1626 to 1694
Term
When did Jean Talon become the first intenant of New France?
Definition
1665
Term
What did the Intendant have to be a part of?
Definition
The New Aristocracy that Louis XIV was creating
Term
What did Jean Talon do as first Intendant?
Definition

- Established Three Model Farming Villages for French Settlers

- Assigned large areas of land to sieners 

Forbids french men from entering the Fur Trade and even be like the First Nations 

- Brings livestock over from France 

- Encourages the people to set up brewers, bakeries, and small manufacturing 

 

Term
Who were seiners?
Definition
Upperclass men given large area of land
Term
What did New France model?
Definition
The French Provincial Parliaments called the Sovereign Council.
Term
When whas the Sovereign Councils name changed and what was it changed to?
Definition
Superior Council and 1703
Term
What is absolutism and how does it correlate to the government structure of New France?
Definition
A very high level of authority, and this was how Louis XIV liked the structure of the Government and how it replicated the gov. structures of France in New France.
Term
What shows us that there was likely more freedom in New France?
Definition
In 1757 women rioted because the gov. had stopped distributing bread and change the meat to Horse Meat.
Term
What is Mercantilism, what is its role with New France and France?
Definition
This refers to the economic relationship the France wanted to have with New France. Since France saw an opporunity for Wealth, so the colonies harvested the resources, they were brought to France and made into markable goods, then shipped back to the colonies and sold for profit.
Term
How did Louis XIV effect the Church in New France?
Definition

Prior to 1663 Catholicism was mainly Jesuit priests who working primarily among the First Nations and the women who came across  were a part of the Monastic and would administer sacraments. 

Now the women orders will lose freedom. 

The missionary model will become the Diasee model - clergy

The goal is that the church structure is better in New France than France. 

They want it to not be tainted by the French Enlightenment 

New France is thsu ultra orthodox (obedient church) 

Term
What was the biggest challenges of the church after 1663?
Definition
Having enough parish priests
Term
How many Parish Priests were there before 1763??
Definition
23
Term
By 1763 how many Parish Priests were there?
Definition
About 73 and some would say that was still not enough because its about one preiest to one thousand people.
Term
Why does the church have difficulty imposting its authority  during this time? (1663 -1763)
Definition
Because of the Fur Trade, however the Church is very important in the cities and towns.
Term
Who is Francois De Laval (1659), what does he do, and when?
Definition
The bishop. He is in charge of the catholic church and becomes bishop in 1674. He causes women, nuns, and other religious womens authority and spear of work diminish. They could no longer work outside of the cloister.
Term
When did the revocation of the Edict of Nantes happen?
Definition
In 1685
Term
What does Gallicanism refer to?
Definition
The trajectory, beginning with Louis XIV, and his desire to be head of all religious affairs. He acts as if he wants to assurp the pope, becomes the pracitical head of the church, appoints bishops and clerics (which is the popes job) and French Catholicism is characterized by being controlled by the French Gov.
Term
What did Lous XIV do in relation to Jansenism and Gallicanism?
Definition
Because he was pursueing Gallicanism, he persecuted protestants and people that joined the jansenism movement; both in New France and Old France.
Term
When did the great witchhunts take place and where?
Definition
Prevalents in the 17th century in Europe but also part of New France in the 17th century.
Term
What happened in 1661 in regards to the witch hunts?
Definition
A protestant was found guilty for being a warlock for causing whooping cough in a women.
Term
What is the seigneurial system?
Definition
The land was intended to look like it did in Europe; so intended to model the feudal system. So the seigneurs would have a part of land that was outright his and the other part belonged to the peasants. The habitants owed an annual fee in order to work the land to the siegneur and had to take care of the masters land, and had to give a certain amount of days in manual labor.
Term
What was the intent of the Seigneurial System?
Definition
To be the image of old France and to keep the French colonists as peasant; to put in a stratified social system
Term
What is the Edict of Marly?
Definition
This edict is about the settlement of land. This act said that all undeveloped land would be taken from seigneurs. It shows us how serious the the French Gov. was about colonial settlement in New France.
Term
Why did the Seigneurs wait do develop there land (but because of the edict of marly they couldn't do this or they would lose the land)
Definition
Because the land would be worth more if they left it.
Term
When was the edict of marly put out?
Definition
In 1711
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