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History of Western Art II
Art History- Early to High Renaissance
93
Art History
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2010

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition
Cimabue

Madonna Enthroned

1280-90- 13th century

Tempera on Panel

guilding

hieratic scale

awkward perspective
Term
[image]
Definition
Duccio

Madonna and Child Enthroned

1308-11- 14th Century

Tempera on Panel

center of the Maestá Altarpiece

guilding

hieratic scale

saints with attributes
Term
[image]
Definition
Duccio

Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin

1308-11- 14th century

Tempera on panel

tries to create believable interior
Term
[image]
Definition
Duccio

Entry of Christ into Jerusalem

1308-11- 14th Century

tempera on panel

lively scene

awkward perspective
Term
[image]
Definition
Giotto

Entry of Christ into Jerusalem

1305-1306

fresco- tempera medium in wet plaster

revolutionary turning point

eliminates the superfluous

mystery, visual clarity
Term
[image]
Definition
Giotto

The Lamentation Scene (Deposition Scene)

1305-06- 14th Century

Diagonal- leads the eye to Christ

cool and blank palette

figures have density

activity in successive positions

cherubs-tantrums
Term
[image]
Definition
Giotto

Madonnna and Child Enthroned

1310

tempera on panel

hieratic

better perspective
Term
[image]
Definition
Pietro Lorenzetti

Birth of the Virgin

1342

architectural complexity

vanishing point, ceiling vaulting
Term
[image]
Definition
Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Allegories of Good and Bad Government

1340

well-run city

businesses- markets
Term
[image]
Definition
Traini?

Triumph of Death

1325-50- 14th century

Aristocrats on horseback find dead people, disgusted

hermit says to behave
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello

St. Mark

1411-1413- 15th century

marble

draper's guild

robe in Roman style

winged lion

holding a book-authors of the New Testament

independent from architecture- UNLIKE jamb sculptures

contropossto

carved into niche
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello

St. George

1410-1420

marble

armorers' guild

stiffer pose

wrinkled brow, vigilant

pictorial relief below- kills dragon to save maiden
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello

The Feast of Herod

1425

Gilt bronze

for St. John the Baptist

2D

King of Judea given St. John's head on a platter

mostly high relief except for background

one-point perspective

follows orthogonals
Term
Alberti and Brunelleschi
Definition
2 most important theorists of the new linear perspective
Term
[image]
Definition
Lorenzo Ghiberti

The Story of Jacob and Esau

1435- 15th century

Gilt bronze

panel of the Gates of Paradise- Florence baptistry

perfect perspective

continuous narrative

Issac blesses Jacob instead of Esau- is blind
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello

Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata

1445-1450- 15th century

bronze

Paduan mercenary

horses hoof stands on orb-stands for the earth

determined look- horse looks savage
Term
Neoplatanism
Definition
a way Renaissance Christians justified their interest in Pagan art

said it is a prefiguration for Christian art
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello

David

1420s-1460s- 15th century

bronze

Medici palace

sword and rock in his hand and a slingshot

standing on Goliath's head

"small but powerful" Florence defeats Milan- Goliath

strangely feminized figure
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello

Mary Magdalen

1430-50- 15th century

polychrome and gold on wood

devout martyr in the desert

relied on beauty and is now run-down

overcoming materialism-transcendental soul
Term
[image]
Definition
Masaccio

The Trinity

1425

Fresco

God, Jesus and the dove of the Holy Ghost

triangular composition

projected space-barrel vault

pilasters- Corinthian and Ionic columns

pietra serena and coffers

skeleton under image, "What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become."
Term
[image]
Definition
Massacio

The Tribute Money

1425

fresco

Pietro-rock- on which chapel stands

continuous narrative

Come to Jesus to ask what to do with taxes, Peter opens fish's mouth and find money, pay the taxman

figures have depth, contropossto

Aerial/atmospheric perspective
Term
Aerial/ Atmospheric perspective
Definition
high contrast is in foreground, low-contrast is in background
Term
[image]
Definition
Massacio

The Expulsion from Paradise

1425- 15th century

fresco

Adam and Eve cast out of paradise

heaving with sobs- diaphragms
Term
[image]
Definition
Massacio

Madonna and Child

1426

tempera on panel

hieratic scale

golden light

fore-shortening

lute and body of angel recede into space

baby looks like a baby
Term
Foreshortening
Definition
perspective as applied to organic/human forms
Term
[image]
Definition
Fra Angelico

Annunciation

1440-1445

fresco

Virgin is told she will give birth

beautiful perspective/ vaulting

Corinthian column separates Mary and the angel

closed figures

"Say Ave Maria" when passing painting-ironic monks cannot have children

more primitive than Massacio but better than Duccio
Term
[image]
Definition
Andrea del Castagno

The Last Supper

1445-50- 15th Century

fresco

made for refectory-dining room of a convent

Judas is isolated-no mystery

trompe l'oeil- indoor outdoor

storming panel
Term
[image]
Definition
Antonio Pollaiuolo

Battle of the Ten Nudes

engraving into metal

1465-1470- 15th century

primitive man, fierce, in jungle

renders humans in complicated poses
Term
[image]
Definition
Paolo Ucello

Battle of San Romano

1438- 15th century

tempera and oil on wood panel

battle between Florence and Lucca

primitive perspective

late Gothic style- colorful and aristocratic
Term
[image]
Definition
Botticelli

The Birth of Venus

1485

tempera on panel

Venus- born on the sea comes towards land

Zephyr god of wind blows her to land

not much depth
Term
Savanarola
Definition
monk who starts to tell Florentines they are painting too many pagan stories

Medici burns him on stake
Term
[image]
Definition
Domenico Ghirlandaio

An Old Man and a Young Boy

1480

tempera and oil on wood

realism- sweetness between an unreal type and a child

parallels the landscape
Term
[image]
Definition
Pierro della Francesca

The Resurrection

1463

fresco

tomb is guarded by Roman soldiers

Christ emerges, triumphant
Term
[image]
Definition
Pierro della Francesca

Enthroned Madonna and Saints

1472-1474- 15th century

oil on panel

Virgin in center

marble, rosettes, egg(resurrection) hanging from ceiling

death painting of Federico Mantefeltro
Term
[image]
Definition
Brunelleschi

Duomo

octagonal structure-baptistry- 6th or 7th century

campagnolo- bell tower

dispute: Guelphs (supported by papacy) and Ghibellines(Holy Roman Empire)

Basilican plan- long shed type roof, top of the nave

Dome/Cupola- competitive sport

facade-1875 reconstructed by Americans, Brits and Russians
Term
[image]
Definition
Filippo Brunelleschi

Ospedale Degli Innocenti

1421

New Testament Herod kills innocents

roundels-babies

porch, vaulted arches

Lucca della Robbia

testament to Florence becoming more public, open

fluted pilasters

grey stone- pietra serena
Term
[image]
Definition
Brunelleschi

Church of San Lorenzo

1421-1469

intimate and small

Medici family church

coffered roofs, no soaring Gothic spaces

columns, pilasters, pietra serena

treasures- Donatello and bronzes
Term
Church of San Lorenzo- parts
Definition
very Roman

nave-main part

2 side aisles

chapel- little private places- families pay

crossing- dome between nave and transept

choir- in back of dome

new sacristy- Medici chapel

sacristy- location of treasures

a lot of repitition
Term
[image]
Definition
Micholozzo

1429

porch like arch of constantine

entablature over columns, broken by arch

fake windows

regular geometry

roundels- della Robbia

pietra serena, pilasters

dome rests on 4 arches
Term
[image]
Definition
Palazzo Medici-Riccardi Michelozzo

1434

First palace of the Florentine building boom

domestic house- expresses wealth and prestige

not inviting

articulated stone- carved and stuck on bricks

banco/bench against sides

rounded arches

2nd floor less rusticated or fortified

topped by corness

added 7 bays

courtyard inside

ashlar- sandy stone( Florence known as sea of stone)
Term
[image]
Definition
Russolino or Alberti?

1450's

7 bays- unfinished facade

mid-block house

pilasters, doric, ionic and corinthian
Term
[image]
Definition
Alberti

Leon Battista

Treatise on Architecture

1472

Mantova

colossal order, column has a base

more theatrical, less rationed, gargantuan

unresolved arch on top

nave is not as large as facade in reality

built to house a relic
Term
[image]
Definition
Andrea Mantegna

St. Sebastian

1450's

tempera on panel

an early Christian martyr

tied to one side of a Roman column

powerful exampled of classic forms

fragments of Roman empire lying around

plants grow up side of arch- symbolize of new Christianity growing over pagan traditions

athlete figure

natural light, horse and rider in clouds
Term
[image]
Definition
Andrea Mantegna

Camera Picta

1465-1475

Gonzaga family ducal palace

trompe l'oeil-oculous

amazing perspective and foreshortening

babies and falling plants
Term
[image]
Definition
Verrocchio

Equestrian Statue to Colleoni

1483-1488

saves the town of Venice
Term
[image]
Definition
Giovanni Bellini

St. Francis in Ecstasy

1480

oil and tempera on panel

monk, cell built into side of a cave

skull- brevity of live

veritas image- reminiscent of vanity

memento mori- reminders of death

takes of clogs- walks onto sacred ground- into sunlight

receiving stigmata of Christ- ode to the sun
Term
[image]
Definition
Pietro Perugino

The Delivery of the Keys

1482

Jesus Christ hands Peter the keys to heave(first pope)

disciples in foreground

middleground- story of the tribute money

central plan church

vanishing point
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo

Vitruvian Man

1487

pen and ink on paper or vellum

geometry

man is the center of the world, measure of all things

cannon and proportion

geometry united with human figure
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo

Project for a church

1490

red ink(sanguine)

central plan for a church
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo

Adoration of the Magi

1471-1482

people are drawn miraculously to things

kings bow down to Christ

master of tonal shading- chiaro scuro

light and shadow
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo

The Last Supper

1495-1498

oil and tempera on fresco

convent in a refectory

Judas is not isolated- mystery

deep space, 3 walls, natural light

naturalistic halo of light behind Jesus
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo

The Mona Lisa

1503-1505

tonal modeling

subtle and beautiful transitions

chiaro scuro- sfumato

subtle, mysterious expression
Term
[image]
Definition
Raffaelo Sanzio- Raphael

La Belle Jardinére

1507

oil on panel

least eccentric and least tormented

sweetness and pleasantness of Mother and Child

beautiful gardener, landscape

St. John the Baptist admiring Christ

triangular or pyramidical composition

no forewarning

normative, bright and light in tone
Term
[image]
Definition
Raphael

Disputá

1508-1511 16th century

stanza della signatura

fresco

scene of wisdom and world knowledge- theologians disputing the Eucharist
Term
[image]
Definition
Raphael

School of Athens

1508-1511

fresco

philosophical debate and mathematicians

group of people on stairs

resembles St. Peter's Basilica

academic procession
Term
[image]
Definition
Raphael

Triumph of Galatea

1513

sea nymph riding dolphin chariot- made of a sea shell

mermen, tritons going after/ raping women, blowing horns

Galatea looks at platonic love

mythological/human activity

puti angels
Term
[image]
Definition
Raphael

Judgement of Paris

1510-1520

Engraving- Ramondi

Paris has to choose the most beautiful goddess- chooses Aphrodite

grants him any woman- chooses Helen of Troy and starts the Trojan war
Term
[image]
Definition
Bramante

Tempietto

1502/1511

site where St. Peter was crucified

small, round structure

circular colonnade

triglyphs- vertical lines

medipes- illustrated squares

balustrade- little fence around balcony

dome with lantern on top

stands on a large base/ podium

suggestive of Pantheon antiquity

thick wall on top with niches
Term
Bramante's plans for St. Peter's
Definition
1506

too much going on

perfectly symmetrical

possibly 12 domes

Campanile at every corner
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

Campidoglio- Capitaline Hill

1545

town square on hill

flat stairs lead up to it

building on either sides and beautiful pavements

statue of Marcus Aurelius in center on horseback

portecos
Term
[image]
Definition
MIchelangelo

Laurentian Library

1523

commissioned by Medici

vestibule- 3 stairways

arabesques on side of stairs- imitate fountain gardens

pietra serena

engaged columns buried in walls- held up by brackets

blind windows

inspiration of past

triangular pediments
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

Pietá

1498

moment after crucifixion

Mary looks young

St. Peter's Basilica

pure- stays beautiful

Mary's lap is deep and large

sad but not contorted

wonderful flesh-distinct from garments

Jesus is at peace, has wounds and a sly smile
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

David

1501-1504

intentionally classicized

looks like a Greek/Roman god

no Goliath head, less anecdoted

ideal form- Helenistic sculpture

exaggerated features- hands, height

vigilant face

cornice like hair, shades brow
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

Moses

1513-1515

marble

has horns

bearded- Old Testament

remarkable, seated figure
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

Awakening slave

1525

marble

unfinished

smooth and rough contrast

releases soul from the imprisonment of the body

available energy but not its own entity
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

Medici Tombs

1519-1534

unfinished

heroic seated figure- Giuliano d'Medici

2 allegorical figures night and day
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

Pietá for his own tomb

1546

awkward, discomfort, neo-medieval

Jesus is in hieratic scale
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

The Libyan Sybil

1508-1512

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

seated, turned body

remarkable color

2 puti

drawing in red chalk- nude first then dressed
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

The Fall of Man, The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden

1508-1512

Ignudi

Adam and Eve on left suggestive pose

on right are cast out as sinner-become ugly

desolate abrupt landscape on right

continuous narrative
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

The Creation of Adam

1508-1512

God wooshing in- wearing timeless, lightweight clothes

has all potential humanity in his cloak, possibly even Eve

Adam looks limp- has not gotten spark yet
Term
[image]
Definition
Michelangelo

Altar of Sistine Chapel

1508-1512

Scene of the last Judgement

cross of crucifixion carried by angels

left- good right-damned

good are rising to heaven up from graves

primitive men in caves

bad- falling to hell

Bartholomew's martyrdom- skinning alive, holding skin, might be the artist
Term
Normative
Definition
anything that aspires to the best/most correct
Term
[image]
Definition
Rosso Fiorentino

Descent( Deposition) from the Cross

1521

oil on panel

Jesus Christ is discolored

Mannerist art

veers of the normative path

center is Jesus' feet

mundane activity-taking Christ down

slender, long physical types

sharp chiaro scuro- no softened edges

acidic colors
Term
[image]
Definition
Jacopo da Pontormo

Descent from the Cross

1526

oil on panel

entombment

people in shock

soft, gentle curves

moan of pain, all is lost

beautiful colors

everyone looks like angels, en pointe
Term
[image]
Definition
Bronzino

Eleonora de Toledo

1550

oil on panel

with son Giovanni

royal image

dynastic progression
Term
[image]
Definition
Bronzino

Allegory of Venus

1546

oil on panel

iconography-subject matter

venus is fondled by cupid- incestuous

golden apple

everything pushed up to the picture plane
Term
[image]
Definition
Giulio Romano

Palazzo del Te

1527-1534

for Gonzaga family

mannerist architecture

pediment on top of an arch

blind windows with pediments

vertical triglyphs and medipes, some slip down
Term
[image]
Definition
Giulio Romano

Salone de Gigante

1530-1532

inside Palazzo del Te

gods expel giants from mt. Olympus
Term
[image]
Definition
Correggio

Jupiter and Io

1532

oil on canvas

from Ovid's Metamorphoses

visits Io as a cloud- face kissing her

sfumato
Term
[image]
Definition
Correggio

Assumption of the Virgin

1522-1530

fresco

trompe l'oeil

looks right into heaven

Virgin must be brought up by angels and puti
Term
[image]
Definition
Parmigianino

Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror

1524

oil on canvas affixed to a convex panel

distortion, mannerism
Term
[image]
Definition
Parmigianino

Madonna with the long neck

1535

oil on panel

Virgin looks like an aristocrat- hand like a sea anemone

long features

Christ is fashionably laid out

Michelangelo's influence

odd details on right- surreal
Term
[image]
Definition
El Greco

The Burial of Count Orgaz

1586

oil on canvas on wall

lowering Count into Tomb- St. Stephen

soul is carried upward

long and slender forms

chiaro scuro and painterly quality
Term
[image]
Definition
Giorgione

Pastoral Concert or Fete Champetre

1509-1510

oil on canvas

party in the pastures

men and nude women, playing instruments(muses)

shepherd association with making art

detailed landscape

play of light
Term
[image]
Definition
Giorgione

The Tempest

1550

oil on canvas

nursing child with a nearby soldier

carnal love and beauty

woman seems modest

broken columns and wall

storm in the background

scientific way, interest in learning

impasto- thickly laid-in paint
Term
[image]
Definition
Titian

Bacchanal

1518

oil on canvas

wild party, drunkenness, desire

Dyonesius and Bacchus- gods of wine

drinking in god

triangle lady in corner, takes up space

beautiful nature, trees

wine in center of composition

diagonal, activated
Term
[image]
Definition
Titian

Pesaro Madonna and Child

1526

oil on canvas

Sacra Conversazzioni- Fathers of the church making conversation

St. Peter and Bishop of Cyprus

flag of a ducal family

Pesaro males on right

Virgin and baby hailing the family

2 babies above the cloud- foreshadowing

diagonals
Term
[image]
Definition
Titian

The Venus of Urbino

1538

oil on canvas

courtesan

does not look virginal

classic image of female beauty- sensual allure- invitational
Term
[image]
Definition
Titian

Rape of Europa

1559-1562

oil on canvas

Europa is a nymph, dresses bull which is Jupiter with friends

Jupiter grabs Europa and friends are left in background

finesse of dazzling colors
Term
[image]
Definition
Tintoretto

The Last Supper

1594

oil on canvas

radical diagonal

servants in foreground are focus- fill up lower right

genre detail, scene- everyday life in art

angels emanating from gas from oil lamps
Term
[image]
Definition
Palladio

San Giorgio Maggiore Church

1565

most important architect of the west

brick with white trim

facade is white stone marble, sides are brick

symmetrical like Florence

pilasters with Corinthian capitals

neo-Roman style

peculiar facade- superimposes one temple front on the other

Basilican plan

discrepancy between center and sides
Term
[image]
Definition
Palladio

Villa Rotonda

1567

notable from 4 identical sides topped with dome

central plan house

Greek/Roman style
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