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HISTORY FINAL
HIStORY FINAL
35
History
Undergraduate 3
05/09/2011

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Term
ERA
EQUAL RIGHTS FOR ALL CLUB
Definition
progressive issue
founded in NOLA by KATE AND JEAN GORDON
---fought for women's suffrage (white women law)--actually feared 19th amend. bc of potential to extend vote to black women
--- and anti child labor
--- helped push for construction of sewage and drainage
Term
SEVERANCE TAX
Definition
1910
a tax on the removal of natural resources
"severing LA from some of its natural resources"
--STANDARD OIL and other companies fought and won (mainly bourbons)
Term
RDO CHOCHTAW CLUB
Definition
progressive new political party

1)Leader was MARTIN BEHRMAN
2) 2 goals
a) Control law in Nola
b) Use the new Orleans voting block to pay king maker in state election (control state jobs)
3) For the most part they were successful
1) ruled nola for 3 decades (1900-24 they picked winners for 5/7 governor competitions )
2) Passed the sewage and drainage
3) Municipal service (trash collection)
4) New railroad that went through key points of city (commuting)
5) People were less likely to vote against if they saw these good things
6) Bourbons were able to manufacture votes (ballot stuffing)

NEWTON BLANCHARD= choc. gov with progressive tendencies
Term
NEWTON BLANCHARD
Definition
New bourbon coalition gov

racial monitor---believed in white supremacy, but stop big abuses of blacks
a) Urged against lynching
b) Increase spending on African American schools
c) MOST SIGNIF(and progressivist): creation of a white OPEN PRIMARY PARTY SYSTEM
i) Reform was limited because of disenfranchisement of const. of 1896
Term
ANDREW HUMPHREYS
Definition
LEVEES ONLY!
rely on levees only to control water levels
member of core of engin.= knew how to build levees well
THIS ONE GOT PICKED!---prob couldve stopped flood with other though
Term
JAMES EADS
Definition
LEVEES and then SOME
civil eng, who build a MS river bridge
more scientific and flexible
i) Reservoirs---built near tributaries so in flood times, they would be filled in and relieve water pressure from MS
ii) Cut outs--MS followed a winding path= slow pace; allowed sediments to build up on bottom of river (increased the water level and made flooding more likely)------use cut outs (channels)to make the river straighter, and increase the rate of water (taking sediment with it= deeper river)
iii) Jettys-man made structures that project into the river to alter the current to protect vulnerable points (ports and harbors)
Term
2 major natural disasters that also contributed to flood:
Definition
1) Extremely heavy snowfall that blanketed Midwest and upper MS river valley
2) High levels of rainfalls
a) Worst rainfall on april 15th 1927, in a matter of hours---between 6-15 inches in various places
b) BIGGEST FACTOR OF FLOOD
Term
cairo, il
Definition
the great flood began here with a levee break
april 16th
Term
hebert hoover
Definition
leader of fed flood commission by calivn coolidge
--Assembled state and fed agencies and the red cross---ensured a lot of vital aid reached the flood zones
---His successes:
i. 640,000 refugees received emergency assistance; 300,000 refugees in shelter in 150 camps set up during crisis ----all through the flood commission and Hoover
f. Failure: failure to help thousands of black refugees in Delta, they were herded into camps and the conditions were bad, they were over worked there, and security was given to the national guard(whites who didn’t treat blacks well)
Term
FLOOD ACT OF 1928
Definition
1) Scraped the leeves only system and pursue other methods of flood control
2) Flood prevention becomes a FEDERAL responsibility
a) Appropriated money for that purpose
3) Increased debate in congress concerning flood prevention
Term
4 factors that contributed to longism
Definition

Economic stagnation

1) LA remained one of the most economically drained and backward economies in the US, despite having natural resources here

Dissatisfaction with the Bourbons

1) In 50 years between reconstruction and Huey Long, the Bourbons had ruled with an iron hand. But they didn’t do much for helping or improving most peoples lives.

2) By 1920s their neglect for living standards, education, necessary infrastructure cost the Bourbons the support of many people

Failure of Populism and Progressivism

1) The only time that bourbon rule was challenged, was through the Populists----who the bourbons ruthlessly crushed, but they didn’t seem to shake the Bourbon complete rule----but helped fuel the fire of people yearning for improvements and change

Flood of 1927

1) Destroyed any confidence the public might have still had for bourbons 2) 1000s of people who were poor before, were practically left with nothing And the little help that the state government gave, upset the people even more

Term
rail road commission
Definition

had the authority to refulate the oil and natural gas piplines and river transporattion

 

--set up as a spoiler for Bourbon helpers

--HPL used it as a launching pad for a state wide career

Term
EDWIN S BROUSSARD
Definition
HPL lesson for 1928---woo catholics
supported catholic politicians like this guy for US senate
Term
ROUND ROBIN
Definition
Said they would not vote for any of the article of impeachment
--15 was one more than 1/3 of the state legislatures – but you needed 2/3 to vote for impeachment so by 1/3 he was able to
skip out of impeachment.
---The impeachment movement fell apart after this round robin was signed
Term
4 main factors of the appeal of longism
Definition

Desperation
1. By 1920’s people of LA were desperate for some type of positive in their state. LA ranked near the bottom in all measures of health, well being, education,
infrastructure, etc.
2. Had seen reform movements in the past but they were all defeated and never made any meaningful reform for the state

3. People ready for more radical reform
Charisma
1. Huey’s personal charisma.
2. Tended to portray 2 images of himself:
         a. Man of the people – grown up poor, working in
the fields, shared the peoples life experiences
and in turn shared their values
         b. Benevolent father figure – someone they could
look up to as a protectant.
         c. Of the people but also Above the people – these 2 images complemented themselves
Class over Race
1. Like all southern politicans, he was a white supremacist– believed whites were better than blacks – but he did not use race as a political tool in his campaign
2. He appealed to the people of LA based on their
economic status

Results
1. Would have never won like he did or had the impacts
like he did had he not followed through with the
promises he made.
2. People supported him because he made promises and kept them

Term
cyr's coup
Definition
in 2 years while huey was both gov and senate, Paul Cyr issued a declaration that since huey was elected senate, the open gov seat should go to next in line, himself
Term
SHARE OUR WEALTH
Definition
---In essence, a plan to redistribute the wealth of the US by using federal taxes against the rich to give to the poor
---The details weren't what mattered, limit income to 1 million and use those to help the poor and limit personal wealth to 5 million
--use some of that money to start a national income (minimum income--2-3 thousand $)
---didn’t really make much sense, wouldn't work if practiced---weren't enough millionaires to support this and if he DID do this there would be economic chaos because no one would strive to make lots of money
--HPL probably didn’t believe in this plan himself---- it was a political stint
---It did accomplish major goals:
a) It attacked FDR from the left, he was able to make lots of promises because he wasn’t in office yet
b) Gave HPL a huge national following
i) Throughout the country Share our wealth clubs prospered---this was the beginning of the depression years
Term
senator joseph robinson
Definition
clashes with HPL in senate---extreme hatred
HPL reads out on the senate floor 43 corporations that "might be" assosciated with robinson
Term
SHARE OUR WEALTH
Definition
---In essence, a plan to redistribute the wealth of the US by using federal taxes against the rich to give to the poor
---The details weren't what mattered, limit income to 1 million and use those to help the poor and limit personal wealth to 5 million
--use some of that money to start a national income (minimum income--2-3 thousand $)
---didn’t really make much sense, wouldn't work if practiced---weren't enough millionaires to support this and if he DID do this there would be economic chaos because no one would strive to make lots of money
--HPL probably didn’t believe in this plan himself---- it was a political stint
---It did accomplish major goals:
a) It attacked FDR from the left, he was able to make lots of promises because he wasn’t in office yet
b) Gave HPL a huge national following
i) Throughout the country Share our wealth clubs prospered---this was the beginning of the depression years
Term
LEGACY OF HPL LONG for USA and LA
Definition

Pushing ROOSEVELT administration further left than it would have gone

1) Stories of NEW DEAL, point to HPL as saying why they had to go so far left to satisfy people, and steal HPL's thunder

Emphasized Class over race in politics in LA

1) White supremacy----->class

2) Didn’t use Race baiting as much as a political tactic ---he look mainly at economic issues

Expanded Exec power further than any previous governor

1) One of most powerful executives in country---almost a dictator

Enduring political dynasty

1) "longism" both a ideology and a style 2)Dominant political force for most of the next few decades even after his death, Earl long and other politicians

Term
TRUE BELIEVERS
Definition
a) People who fervently believed in HPL economic measures and his share our wealth program
b) Wanted to continuer political warfare against FDR about economic programs

c) PROMINENT MEMBER: GERALD L.K. SMITH ---drifted into extreme white supremacist and was distrusted by many insider longer-ites ("Gerald Lucifer")
Term
PRAGMATISTS
Definition
a) Compromise faction---achieve some sort of political compromise with FDR---warfare wasn’t productive and wanted access to New Deal money being spent across country
b) Under HPL, LA had forgone most of the New Deal money available to LA---so FDR couldn't build up any supporters in LA
c) Turn federal cash back on
d) Wanted fed government to get off their backs from HPL---the IRS was auditing the Long campaign programs and they were getting close to breaking some of the tax issues open

ROBERT MAESTRI, RICHARD LECHE, JAMES NOE, EARL LONG
Term
second LA purchase
Definition
FDR DEMANDS
1) Rack up the democrat president nominations and give a "unified front":
a) All of LA delegates to national convention to vote democrat
b) End to LA obstruction of New Deal programs (easy because LA wanted $$$)
c) End to a share our wealth campaign
LONGITE DEMANDS
1) End all federal investigations in LA
2) Access to new deal (works progress admin) and where and how these funds used
Term
O john rogge and elmer ivy
Definition
feds sent to investigate fraud and courruption in Leche, etc
Term
"hot oil"
Definition
selling oil in excess than to what the fed quota limited and sell without severance tax (receiving thousands of illegal dollars)
Term
who are the reformers?
Definition
a. Modern updated anti-long coalition
b. Democrats, but very different from the long-ite faction
c. Predominately conservative political faction ---they thought long-ism had gone too far and they wanted to reverse what long-ism had done
d. Basically boring administrators
i. Especially coming after the longites (generous helpings of sources, colorful campaigns and large entertaining scandals)
ii. They were all about good governement, efficent, correct, etc
Term
REFORM GOV--SAM HOUSTON
Definition
people are tired of scandals, he beats EKL
very conservative and bland; had to be convinced to run
--Reforms---"good government"
1) Abolished the deduct box
a) Way longites funded campaigns
2) Stopped "double dipping"
a) Same person could hold multiple appointed offices (nothing work for multiple paychecks--patronage positions)
3) Return power to local government
4) Civil service reform
a) Abolished the spoiler system in state politics---all appointments based on merit rather than political loyalty--- not who you vote for or contributed to
Term
Gov Jimmie Davis
Definition
Likeable and outgoing
Career in music and film---country west music singer--pop culture icon and actor
Hit song you are my sunshine,1940---extremly well known---used that success into a plotiucal career

ACCOMPLISHMENTS
1) Balanced the budget
a) Benefited much from Post WWII prosperity ---federal money (chemicals/natural gas and defense, boat creation)
2) Not much else
a) He didn’t do a whole lot because of administration, just good timing in USA
b) Not very successful
Term
Mayor Delesseps "Chep" Morrison
Definition
1) Well connected politcall both state and natiornally
Lawyer for Roosevelts NRA; WWII veteran
Considered very soophisticated/elitist

ACCOMPLISHMENTS
1) Defeated Maestri in 46 (longite candidate)
2) New Public Works in NOLA--
a) parks, new buldings etc---clean up and make it look more efficient
b) Cleaned house in governement (got rid of Longite patronage)--reducing city payroll, helping city budget
3) Created city planning Admin.
a) Advised him on how to make city run better and efficiently
4) Promoted Business/Investment in NOLA
a) Went all over the world especially in Latin America to increase commercial ties to NOLA
Term
russel long
Definition
random election because of death in senate
he was expected to win, but bc of EKL steps to reclaiming dictatorship....backlash in this election

he had to ballot stuff and fraud

earl quit trying to gather power back
Term
kennon administration
Definition
a. Kennon brings the reform style back to LA over his 4 years
b. Bringing honesty, integrity, discipline back to state government
c. Large budget surpluses
d. Civil service reform back to LA
e. Legislature passed new law restoring merit law
i. Revision required state legislature to approve any changes to civil law by 2/3rds
f. Sponsored several constitutional amendments
i. University system
ii. Welfare system
iii. State highway patrol
Term
EARL LONG LEGACY
Definition
IMPROVED SERVICES
i. Many new social services
ii. Old age pension, etc.
BLACK VOTING RIGHTS
i. Most significant politically
ii. Over 100,000 black voters added under his reign
ORGANIZED CRIME
i. Deeply embedded in economy and society
ii. Mobsters built up huge crime empires
ENTITLEMENT MENTALITY
i. Spending and social services programs created entitlement mentality
ii. Free textbooks, hot lunches, pensions, etc. allowed many LA’s to believe they could get something from their governement
PERSERVING LONGISM
i. Helped to preserve Longite political tradition
ii. Without his influence, hard to imagine that Longism would have died out after election of 1939.
Term
hardcore segregationist
Definition
a) Preserve segregation as most important political issue, NO compromises with fed government
b) **abdicated a policy of MASSIVE resistance--resistance by any legal means necessary against integration of public schools (even if it meant closing down public school)

Ex. WILL RAINIACH
Term
soft segregationists
Definition
strongly VERBALLY supported segregation, but in practice they were open to compromises that avoided confrontation with feds or shutting down school
a) Realized those tactics could lead to civil unrest or violence

b) Ex. Earl LONG
Term
silent segregationists
Definition
a) Folks who would say they were in favor of segregation and say nothing else about it as possible
b) Didn’t have much to gain from many black or white citizens--best for him politically

MAYOR MORRISON
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