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History 3030 Final
Auburn University Dr. Essah Fall 2012
66
History
Undergraduate 3
12/06/2012

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Cards

Term
13th Amendment
Definition
Outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude.
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
Anyone born in the US a citizen of the US and the state they are born in.
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
Right to vote cannot be denied based on race, color, previous servitude.
Term
Special Field Order #15
Definition
General Sherman promised all freedmen 40 acres and a mule. Created from a 30 mile wide tract of land along the Atlantic coast.
Term
Freedman's Bureau
Definition
It was to help freedmen obtain land, gain an education, negotiate labor contracts with white planbters, settle legal and criminal disputes, provide food, medial care, an d transportation for black and white people left destitute by the war. It was unsuccessful and few blacks were helped. General Howard advocated for the freedmen.
Term
Andrew Johnson
Definition
Johnson ordered that all lands that were given to blacks due to Special Field Order #15 be returned to the white owners.
Term
Wade-Davis Bill
Definition
the bill made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy. The bill passed both houses of Congress on July 2, 1864, but was pocket vetoed by Lincoln and never took effect.
Term
Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan
Definition
It decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation, elect a state government and abolish slavery.
Term
Black Codes
Definition
The black codes sought to ensure the availability of a subservient agricultural labor supply controlled by white people.
Term
Radical Republicans
Definition
They were more militant republicans who were against Johns and determined to transform the racial fabric of American society by including black people in the political and economic system.
Term
Reconstruction
Definition
The 12 years following the Civil War, during which the former Confederat staes were restored to the Union and former slaves became citzens and gained the right to vote and hold politcal office.
Term
General William T. Sherman
Definition
Advocate for freedmen. Issued special field order #15.
Term
Enforcement Acts
Definition
Also known as the Force Acts, these measures were passed by Congress in the early 1870s to undermine the Ku Klux Klan and other terrorist organizations by authorizing the president to use military force and to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.
Term
Civil Rights Act 1866
Definition
This act nullified the black codes and made African Americans citizens with the basic rights of life, liberty, and due process.Linked with the 14th Amendment. Johnson vetoed but it still passed.
Term
Civil Rights Act 1875
Definition
It outlawed racial discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels, restaurants, railroad coaches and steamboats. The Supreme Court invalidated it in 1883.
Term
Civil Rights Act 1957
Definition
It created a commission to monitor violations of black civil rights and to propose remedies for infringements on black voting. it upgraded the Civil Rights Section into a division within the Justice Department and gave it the power to sue states and municipalities that discriminate on the basis of race.
Term
Civil Rights Act 1964
Definition
Federal law banning discrimination in places of public accommodation.
Term
Compromise of 1877
Definition
Democrats accepted a Hayes victory, but Hayes let southern Democrats know he would not support Republican governments in FL, LA, and SC. Republican adminstration in those states collapsed. Democrats took control. The states of the south basically went back into the hands of the men that held them as slaves.
Term
Social Darwinism
Definition
The belief that through natural selection the strong would thrive, prosper and reproduce, while the weak would falter, fail, and die.
Term
Ida B. Wells
Definition
She was a black activist who protested lynching and unfair treatment of black people.
Term
Colfax Massacre
Definition
At least 105 African Americans were murdered on Easter Sunday in 1873 in Colfax, LA in the single worst episode of violence during Reconstruction.
Term
Grandfather Clause
Definition
A method southern states used to disfranchise black men. It stipulated that only men whose grandfathers wre eligible to vote were themselves eligible to vote. It was invalidated in 1915.
Term
Slaughterhouse Cases
Definition
he Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment's Privileges or Immunities clause affected only rights of United States citizenship and not state citizenship. Therefore the butchers' Fourteenth Amendment rights had not been violated.
Term
Mary Turner
Definition
She was 8 months pregnant, but a lyching mob after killing her husband tired her upside down from a tree slit her stomach. The unborn fetus fell out and men began to stomp it. They then set her clothes on fire.
Term
Billie Holiday
Definition
A great jazz vocalist whose career took shape during the Depression also used her art to challenge the oppression of black people. Nicknamed "Lady Day".
Term
US v. Reese
Definition
William Garner sues due to KY poll tax of $1.50. The Supreme Court ruled the 15th doesn't give the right to vote to everyone.
Term
US v Cruikshank
Definition
After 105 were killed in the Colfax Massacre in LA whites were taken to trial. They appealed to Sup. Crt. after being found guilt. Sup. Crt. found them not guilty because the 14th restricts states not individuals.
Term
Exodusters
Definition
Black migrants who left the South during and after Reconstruction and settled in Kansas and OK in often all black towns. 1865-1880 40,000+ migrated.
Term
William "Pap" Singleton
Definition
A charismatic ex-slave from TN who persuaded several hundred to migrate with the Exodusters.
Term
Plessy v Ferguson
Definition
There was an all white jury. In 1896 in an 8 to 1 decision, the US Sup. Crt. ruled that segregation did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th. It established the "separate but equal" doctrine which stated in effect until 1954 Brown v. B. of Ed.
Term
Cumming v. Richmond Co.Board of Ed.
Definition
Black parents protested the lack of public schools for blacks. The US Sup. Crt. refused to accept balck parnts' contention that this violated the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Term
Williams v. Mississippi
Definition
In 1898 the Supreme Court did not find discrimination in the state's requirements for voters to pass a literacy test and pay poll taxes, as these were applied to all voters.
Term
Booker T. Washington
Definition
Became the nation's leading apostle of industrial training. He founded Tuskegee University.
Term
W.E.B. Dubois
Definition
He believed more emphasis should be placed on developing an educated elite who would take the lead in solving the race problem. The first black man to earn a Ph.D. at Harvard. He wrote The Souls of Black Folk.
Term
Niagara Movement
Definition
Du Bois invited 29 elite black people who no longer accepted the loss of the right to vote, to Niagara Falls in Canada. They insisted that white people did not know what was best for black people. They appealed for better schools, health care, and housing.
Term
NAACP
Definition
The NAACP was determined that black citizens should fully enjoy the civil and political rights the Constitution guaranteed to all citizens. It relied on judicial and legislative systems to bring about change.
Term
Urban League
Definition
Its goal was to alleviate conditons black people encountered as they moved into large cities in every increasing number during the early twentieth century.
Term
Mary Church Terrell
Definition
She was born to slave parents but became one of Washington's black elite. She married Robert Terrell a judge. Terrell, Wells and Du bois were the most influential members of NAACP. She also founded the National Association of Colored Women.
Term
The Scottsborro Boys
Definition
1931-37 5 black boys were accused of raping two white women on a train. They were tried 4 times. Clarence Norris was sentenced to death the others were eventually pardoned.
Term
The Red Summer 1919
Definition
Many whites attacked blacks during this summer. The riots followed postwar social tensions related to the demobilization of veterans of World War I, both black and white, and competition for jobs among ethnic whites and blacks.
Term
Chicago Defender
Definition
The city's leading black newspaper. Its founder was Robert Abbot. By 1920 it had a nationwide circulation of 230,000.
Term
Thomas Dixon, "The Clansman"
Definition
This novel made into the movie "Birth of a Nation" by D. W. Griffith depicted Reconstruction in SC. Immoral and ignorant Negroes and Republicans seize control of the government until the KKK saves the day.
Term
The Great Migration
Definition
The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the Northeast, Midwest, and West from 1910 to 1970.
Term
Roosevelt's "black cabinet"
Definition
A core of highly placed African American social scientists. Mary McLeod Bethune was a leader of this body. They pressured the president and the heads of federal agenicies to adopt and support colorblind polices and lobbied to advance the economic, educational and social status of black Americans.
Term
A. Phillip Randolph
Definition
He was a socialist and the "general organizer" of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
Term
Double V Campaign
Definition
Victory over fascism abroad and over racism at home. It was the battle cry for black people.
Term
Executive Order 8802
Definition
A. Philip Randolph's 1941 proposed March on Washington symbolized the possibilities of the Double V campaign. The threat of 100,000 united African Americans marching on Washington to demand equal rights moved President Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 8802 banning discrimination in defense industries. The proposed March on Washington sent a powerful message that victory for democracy in the world required the full extension of democracy to African Americans.
Term
"To Secure These Rights"
Definition
President Truman's polices for black equality. Among them were police professionalization, federal protection of black voting rights, enforcement of antilynching laws, and an end to segregation in schools, housing, and public accommodations.
Term
Executive Order 9981
Definition
Truman issued this for the desegregation of the armed forces in 1948.
Term
Tuskegee Airmen
Definition
An all black pursuit squadron of fighter planes.They flew over 15,5000 sorties and completed 1578 missions and escorted 200 heavy bombers deep into Germany's Rhineland.
Term
Port City Mutiny
Definition
After ammunition exploded 328 of the surviving black enlistees were sent to load ammunition on another ship. When they refused, fifty men were singled out and charged—and convicted—of mutiny. It was the largest mutiny trial in U.S. naval history.
Term
Southern Regional Council (SRC)
Definition
Composed of blacks and white liberals who were devoted to expanding democracy in the south.They did research and focused attention on the political, social and educational inequalities endemic to black life in the South.
Term
Shirley Chisholm
Definition
She was outspoken against the Vietnam War and a fierce advocate of women's rights. She was the first A.A. woman to serve in Congress.
Term
Charles Houston
Definition
was a prominent African American lawyer, Dean of Howard University Law School, and NAACP Litigation Director who played a significant role in dismantling the Jim Crow laws, which earned him the title The Man Who Killed Jim Crow. He is also well known for having trained future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall.
Term
Lenora Fulani
Definition
The New Alliance Party
Term
Jesse Jackson
Definition
Ran for president 1984 and 1988
Term
Grutter v. Bollinger
Definition
Race is okay as a factor in graduate school admission because diversity is needed.
Term
Gratz v. Bollinger
Definition
Use of a race quota in undergrad admission is illegal.
Term
Smith v. Allwright
Definition
It overturned the Democratic Party's use of all-white primaries in Texas, and other states where the party used the rule.
Term
Kerner Commission
Definition
was an 11-member commission established by President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States and to provide recommendations for the future.
Term
Black Panthers.
Definition
Founded in Oakland, California by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15, 1966, the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling primarily for the protection of African-American neighborhoods from police brutality.[2]
Term
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Definition
was an American political party created in the state of Mississippi in 1964, during the civil rights movement. It was organized by black and white Mississippians, with assistance from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), to challenge the legitimacy of the white-only US Democratic Party.
Term
24th Amendment
Definition
prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
Term
Southern Manifesto
Definition
was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places.
Term
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
Definition
was one of the organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a series of student meetings led by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960.
Term
Orval Faubus
Definition
was the 36th Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967. He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock School District during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied a unanimous decision of the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop African-American students from attending Little Rock Central High School
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