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History 2112- Day 1
Test 1- Maymester- Tompson
72
History
Undergraduate 1
05/14/2013

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Cards

Term
What are the three main themes of this course?
Definition
1. Race and Ethnic Relations
2. The Role of Government
3. The U.S. in the World
Term
What kind of source is our book?
Definition
Primary Source rather than a Secondary Source
Term
When was the US considered to be a major power?
Definition
By the end of the 19th Century. (They weren't really a major power in 1865
Term
What was the time period from 1865-1877 called?
Definition
Reconstruction
Term
What are the three key terms for Reconstruction?
Definition
Freedmen,
Black Codes,
and Compromise of 1877
Term
What is Reconstruction?
Definition
The time period right after the Civil War where America rebuilds their country.
Term
What two things does Reconstruction mainly focus on rebuilding?
Definition
Their actual buildings, and bringing the people together.
Term
(Obvious answer) Who fought in the Civil War?
Definition
Union and the South
Term
What were the Freedmen?
Definition
The former slaves who are now free as a result of the Civil War.
Term
How many freedmen are there?
Definition
Approx. 4 Million
Term
What were slaves refereed to as?
Definition
their property
Term
What did slave owners think about the freedmen?
Definition
They saw this as a loss because slaves helped there business run faster and cheaper
Term
What was the saying that went around about the freedmen because no one knew how free they were, and they wanted to make up for all they did to them?
Definition
40 acres and a mule
Term
At the end of the Civil War, what happened to Abraham Lincoln? Who took over?
Definition
He was assassinated and his Vice president Andrew Johnson took over from 1865-1869.
Term
What did Johnson do in reconstruction?
Definition
Nothing really. He was on the Southern Whites side and didn't really care about the freedmen
Term
What type of stage was Johnson in? (He said it in class)
Definition
Southern Intransigence stage
Term
What is a Southern Intransigence stage?
Definition
Stubborn opposition (Refusal to compromise)
Term
What did Southern Whites form to keep their "Southern Way of Life"?
Definition
Ku Klux Klan
Term
What are the Black Codes?
Definition
Laws that put limitations on the black population in the South
Term
What kind of codes did they have before black codes?
Definition
Slave Codes (They had to get rid of the word slave and change it to black)
Term
What did the Vagrancy Law (under the black Code) say?
Definition
Blacks who didn't have a job would have to go to prison and pay a fine to get out.
Term
Since blacks didn't have enough money to get out of prison, what happened?
Definition
White people bought them out and made them work for them
Term
Some of the Black Codes restricted black men (freedmen) from owning land.
Definition
This is just an important fact.
Term
What were Black Codes used for?
Definition
To keep things like they use to be in the South
Term
What is Share Cropping?
Definition
Where a black person wants to be a farmer, but they don't have land, so they go to a white man who does have land and works on his farm. Basically another slave. You do all of the work and get only some of the crops while the owner of the land gets most of it
Term
What is building up in Share Cropping?
Definition
An ongoing debt
Term
What stopped the black codes?
Definition
14th Amendment
Term
What did the 14th Amendment say?
Definition
Everybody born in this country is equal
Term
What did the 15th Amendment say?
Definition
Right to vote shall not be restricted
Term
For a short time after the civil war, late 1860's early 1870's, what did blacks engage in?
Definition
Politics (Blacks sometimes had a majority
Term
What is counter reconstruction?
Definition
When people want to hold their positions in the South.
Term
Who did the KKK punish?
Definition
The blacks and the whites who helped the blacks
Term
When did Northerners lose their will about changing the Southerners view? Why?
Definition
1870's, Because other things were happening.
Term
What is an example of "other things happening?
Definition
The Battle of Little Big Horn when U.S. tried to expand west
Term
In the South, what was the standard way of thinking?
Definition
That blacks were inferior
Term
Only a handful of whites up North helped the Blacks in the South. Most didn't care.
Definition
FACT
Term
Who was elected in the election of 1876?
Definition
Rutherford B. Hayes
Term
What years were Rutherford B. Hayes president and was he Republican or Democratic?
Definition
1877-1881 Republican
Term
During 1877, were Republicans more in the North or the South?
Definition
North, Democrats were in the South
Term
Why did southern democrats let Hayes take office?
Definition
If they let him take office, he would have to stop the reconstruction period
Term
If Republicans let Rutherford B. Hayes take office, he would have to stop the reconstruction period. What was this called?
Definition
Compromise of 1877
Term
How did people who supported Reconstruction view the Compromise of 1877? Why?
Definition
As a tragedy because Southern Whites received HOME RULE (self- governance)
Term
What is Industrialization?
Definition
A new way of producing goods.
Term
What three things did Industrialization do?
Definition
1. Created factories
2. Created mass production
3. The rise of machines
Term
What did machines still need?
Definition
Workers to run them
Term
What are the three keys terms under Industrialization?
Definition
Deskilling
Capitalism
Andrew Carnegie
Term
During Industrialization, everything is changing.
Definition
FACT
Term
What was the first Country to go through an industrial revolution? When?
Definition
Britain, 18th Century
Term
What was the main type of factories that we began with?
Definition
Textile mills (Fabrics, clothes, etc.)
Term
How did the U.S. get power to begin with?
Definition
Through water
Term
Later on, what produced steam for more power?
Definition
Coal
Term
Britain used a lot of coal because they had a lot. They ran out of wood.
Definition
FACT
Term
How were locomotives run?
Definition
From the coal heating up the Iron
Term
When did the U.S. industrialize? How did they do it?
Definition
In the late 19th Century (they were one of the first). In a sequence just like Britain
Term
What is an example of a smaller city rising up using machines? Bigger?
Definition
Lowell Massachusetts,
Boston Massachusetts
Term
What is better about bigger cities for factories? (3)
Definition
More people, Trading hubb, maket, etc.
Term
How was Columbus founded, and why is it an exception to the South?
Definition
Off of a river, The south was based off of raw materials
Term
With Industrialization, what two types of people are effected?
Definition
Artisan and Apprentices
Term
Who are Artisans? Apprentices?
Definition
Artisans- trained people in a specific area. They are their own boss
Apprentices- The person that is training with the Artisan.
Term
How are Artisan and Apprentices effected?
Definition
Factories were underselling them making them to lose their jobs
Term
What did Artisanship become?
Definition
Obsolete- No longer necessary
Term
Factories are quicker and cheaper.
Definition
FACT
Term
What is deskilling?
Definition
The skill being taken out of the production process
Term
How did factories mainly run?
Definition
Broke up each section of the process of making something. It would assign each worker to a different job to speed up the process. This process was refereed to as unskilled labor
Term
What is wage labor?
Definition
Getting paid a set labor. example: 1 dollar each hour
Term
Local farmers use to sell their products to the people around them and make a good living, but what made for more of a competition? Why?
Definition
Trains because non local farmers can move their crops to different areas.
Term
What is Urbanization?
Definition
the growth of cities
Term
Why was urbanization a bad thing?
Definition
Most Americans lived in the cities because that is where all of the jobs are etc.
Term
The cities created class divisions. What is an example of this?
Definition
Upper class (employers),
middle class (employees)
Term
The class division is creating a separate barrier between the upper and middle class. The Apprentice use to live with the Artisan, and now it is polarizing them.
Definition
FACT
Term
In 1865, what were the 4 industrial leaders?
Definition
1. Britain
2. Germany
3. France
4. U.S.A.
Term
In the 19th Century, what were the 4 industrial leaders?
Definition
1. U.S.A.
2. Britain
3. Germany
4. France
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