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History 1301 Quiz 2
N/A
44
History
Undergraduate 3
10/15/2012

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bourbon reforms
Definition
Made by spanish & portugese crowns trying to bring enlightenment ideas to empire administration/monarchies. Set of economic and political legislation introduced by spanish crown under various kings of the House of Bourbon throughout the 18th Century. Intended to stimulate manufacturing and technology in order to modernize Spain.
Term
Creoles
Definition
“gente descente”; person of European descent born in the Americas
Term
Tupac Amaru
Definition
Symbols the end of the Incan reign (1780) Led the rebellion of mixed races and Indians against creoles.
Term
Rio de Janeiro
Definition
Portuguese monarchy moves to Brazil; city was capitol of Brazil for nearly 2 centuries during Port. Colonial era
Term
Joseph Bonaparte
Definition

French ruler who unseats Bourbons in Spain; tried to gain control of Spain

 

Term
Liberal Constitution of 1812 (Spain)
Definition

getting rid of Bonaparte and taking away some of the king’s power; anti-monarchy, freedom of the press and free enterprise

 

Term
Miguel Hidalgo
Definition
associated with Mexican Independence; priest who conspired against peninsulares w/ Creoles; led Grito de Dolores 
Term
Grito de Dolores
Definition
The cry of independence made by Hidalgo. September 16th 1810. People marched with him.
Term
Simon Bolivar
Definition
“George Washington of South America”; Creole in Venezuela, “true revolutionary”; part of White elite fighting for South American Independence; tries to implement an Independence insurgency from Spain, wrote that slavery was non-sensical economically; was president of Gran Colombia and dictator of Peru
Term
Gran Colombia
Definition
in 1819 formally declared; Bolivar’s visión = Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador
Term
Caudillo
Definition
“strong men”; regional military figure, effective leader, charismatic and “larger than life”; ideology hard to pinpoint, groups of loyal people following them
Term
Liberals
Definition
believed in more decentralized government and separation of church and state
Term
Conservatives
Definition
believed in centralized govt. and continued role of the Catholic church in the govt. 
Term
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
Definition
7th president of Argentina; book- “Facundo”, a critique of famous caudillo Juan Manuel de Rosas; encouraged European immigration to “whiten” population; tried to clear out Indian tribes from land; campaigned for intelligent thought for children, women, and democracy
Term
Benito Juarez
Definition
first Liberal president in Mexico, Zapotec from Oaxaca; La Reforma = declaration of equality for all citizens, expropriation of church lands for peasants 
Term
Texas Independence
Definition
settlers in Mexican Texas officially break off, creating the Republic of Texas; result of the the Mex-Amer. War
Term
Positivism
Definition
philosophy of science based on the view that in the social as well as natural sciences, data derived from sensory experience, and logical and mathematical treatments of such data, are together the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge; growing sense of science and scientific doctrine; example sociology, Social Darwinism, immigration, and modernization
Term
Free Birth Law
Definition
law in Brazil allowing any child of a slave to be emancipated after the age of 21
Term
War of the Pacific
Definition

Fighting over valuable resources (guano and saltpeter)

Bolivians lose their port to the Pacific and Chile wins

Term
Neocolonialism
Definition
outside money to build infrastructure is established, invasion; for example British influence is brought through British money
Term
Order and Progress
Definition

get rid of war and use foreign investment to boost economy, order is necessary for economic progress; economic progress will lead to political change


Order is necessary for economic progress

Economic progress will lead to political change

Term
Monroe Doctrine
Definition
Will not stand for any European intervention in Latin America. 1823 warns Europe not to interfere in the Americas.
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
Comes to a head with the Mexican- American War. Mexico looses over half of its territory. U.S. has responsibility, authority, and right to spread their power. U.S.  as a model of democracy for the rest of the world.
Term
Mexican-American War (War of U.S. Invasion)
Definition
Culmination of Texas existing independently from Mexico, including border battles, Mexico loses over half of its national territory.
Term
William Walker
Definition

reinstates slavery and makes English the spoken language of Nicaragua; interested in gaining a passageway (canal) to gold in Latin America and transport it; eventually killed

 

Term
Jose Marti
Definition
leader in Cuban independence from Spain. Raised awarness for cuban identitiy.
Term
Spanish-Cuban-American War
Definition
begins U.S. becoming militaristic towards Latin America
Term
Roosevelt Corollary
Definition
extension of Monroe Doctrine; justification of U.S. invasion of Latin American when necessary; ensuring U.S. investment in Latin America by keeping Europe out
Term
Gunboat Diplomacy
Definition
military intervention, then occupation, then democracy is established; military aspect of U.S. in Latin America
Term
Dollar Diplomacy
Definition

monetary influence of U.S. in Latin America 

Fairly standard pattern

1) Military intervention

2) occupation

3) Democracy is established

Term
Augusto Sandino
Definition
Nicaragua; anti-U.S. who gets captured by Somoza. Against Somoza 
Term
Porfirio Diaz
Definition
President of Mexico that fell from power after Mexican Revolution; stability and economic growth during his leadership but eventually overthrown
Term
Emiliano Zapata
Definition
mestizo fighting for land restitution in Southern Mexico
Term
Mexican Revolution
Definition
efforts to overthrow Porfirio Diaz; middle class was frustrated with not being able to move up social/economic ladder; socialist revolution
Term
Populism
Definition
theory of siding with the “people” rather than with the “elites”
Term
Lazaro Cardenas
Definition
ejidos in rural areas (land redistribution); example of populist in Mexico, undoes Liberal reforms
Term
Victor Raul Haya de la Torre
Definition

from Peru, part of political movement trying to keep Incan tradition alive; founded Alianza Popular Revolucionario Americano

Not a military person he's a professor. 

Term
APRA
Definition

middle class of Peru could educate the poor to form a unified mass of people, pro-democratic force

 

Term
Juan Peron
Definition

(Argentina) Supported by poorer people. mainly poor Spaniards and Italians; he tries to bring in the masses; anti-communist

 

Term
Getulio Vargas
Definition
Uses the radio (not a democrat but suspenda all legislative institutions and makes himself a dictator) to establish Samba as national music. Samba had tradicionally been "slave music". Likened to FDR for instituting social programs like those of the new deal.
Term
Estado Novo
Definition
1937, when Vargas makes himself dictator of Brazil
Term
Gilberto Freye
Definition
wrote book “Master and the Slaves”; racial democracy declaring everyone in Brazil as black; can’t escape painful history but can absorb it
Term
Racial democracy in Brazil
Definition
everyone in Brazil declared black and had been touched by African culture and slavery
Term
Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI)
Definition
a loose confederation of local political bosses and military strongmen grouped together with labor unions, peasant organizations, and regional political parties. Goal was to stop fighting in Mexico and solve problems; Mexican political party, very powerful.
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