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History 1210 Exam 2 Cards
OH DAYUM
143
History
Undergraduate 1
03/08/2012

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Cards

Term
the 1780s
Definition
the "Make or Break Decade"
Term
Problems with the Articles of Confederation
Definition
-not strong enough to bind the states together
-too much democracy and no central power
Term
Main features of the Articles of Confederation
Definition
-state sovereignty
-equal representation
-one branch of government (legislative
Term
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
Definition
-taxation? - didnt have power to tax ANYTHING or ANYONE probably biggest weakness
could only ask for money. LOL
-regulate commerce? -congress did not have the power to control interstate or foreign commerce DERP
-executive branch? -
-judicial branch?
Created only one branch of government: LEGISLATIVE BRANCH.
Term
When was the Northwest Ordinance?
Definition
1787
Term
One major accomplishment of the Articles of the Confederation?
Definition
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Term
What exactly was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
Definition
Act of Congress that created a system for how an unorganized territory becomes a territory and how a territory becomes a state
When population in an area becomes 5000 - could form a territorial legislature and then that area would become from unorganized to organized territory
When population hit 60,000 at that point organized territory could call for a convention and at the convention write a state constitution, and apply for statehood into the United States
Unprecedented. Unheard of. Not what had been done in the past.
Second thing that was huge besides being a blueprint, had language in it that affected slavery. Slavery would be forbidden in the Northwest Territory

-trying to live up to the Declaration of Independence

Northwest Territories - Northwest Ordinance
Term
Why did Jefferson push for what?
Definition
Articles of the Confederation, for the betterment of man
Term
What particularly went WRONG for the Articles of the Confederation?
Definition
Problems with Great Britain
-no tax? No Military!
-Britain controlled ports. No army to push them out with
-start fucking shit up at the ports.
-charge huge prices, kidnap American sailors, etc.
Problems with interstate/foreign commerce
-division between states like TRADE WARS, powerless because no control over interstae/foreign commerce

Problems with enforcing laws
-no power to enforce laws they passed. EFF YOU LOL~
Problems with the national debt
-keeps growing and growing and growing
Term
Mt. Vernon Conference when?
Definition
1785
Term
What exactly was the Mt. Vernon Conference?
Definition
-between reps of Virginia and Maryland (trade problems on the river Potomac) WAS SUCCESSFUL
when over, (SIGNIFICANCE): because of its success, sent reps to a national conference. Tried to get all states to have reps
Term
When was the Annapolis Conference?
Definition
1786
Term
What exactly was the Annapolis Conference?
Definition
-arrive in Annapolis Maryland. invited all states. You need errbody yes? yes. Only FIVE STATES SHOW UP. WTF

The Annapolis Convention was a meeting in 1786 at Annapolis, Maryland, of 12 delegates from five states (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia) that unanimously called for a constitutional convention. The formal title of the meeting was a Meeting of Commissioners to Remedy Defects of the Federal Government. Long dissatisfied with the weak Articles of Confederation, Alexander Hamilton of New York played a major leadership role. He drafted its resolution for a constitutional convention, and in doing so brought his longtime desire to have a more powerful, more financially independent federal government one step closer to reality.[1]
The defects that they were to remedy were those barriers that limited trade or commerce between the largely independent states under the Articles of Confederation.[2]
Term
When was Shay's Rebellion?
Definition
1786
Term
What exactly was Shay's Rebellion?
Definition
This rebellion was started by farmers that were in a lot of debt after the Am. Revolution
This is the event thta scared the holy hell out of the Elite in this Country. Thsi rebellion convinced all states besides RI send reps to Philedelphia convention. Articles have failed. Gotta throw em out or amend NOW.
Term
What was the Consitutional Convention of _1786_ originally called?
Definition
Philadelphia Convention
Term
Which state did not have a rep at the Constitutional Convention of 1786?
Definition
Rhode Island (12 of 13 states attended however)
Term
Who was elected president of the Constitutional Convention of 1786?
Definition
George Washington
Term
Major players at the Constitutional Convention of 1786?
Definition
James Madison, Roger Sherman, Ben motherflippin Franklin, George Washington
Term
James Madison and the Constitutional Convention of 1786
Definition
James Madison plays a huge role here. Largely the writings of James Madison
a lot of what we know about this convention, is due to Madison's super intricate notes.

Madison very early on was convinced the Articles needed to be chucked immediately from before the get go (before even Mt. Vernon) He was ready to fuck shit up. WHOLE NEW MOTHA FLIPPIN CONSTITUTION. Made shit happen. Grabbed a hold of the conversation
Term
Ben Franklin and the Constitutional Convention of 1786
Definition
acts as a fatherly calming figure on the convention where heated debates are flying everywhere like a motha flippa. D:
Stories and everything.
Term
Roger Sherman and the Constitutional Convention of 1786
Definition
saves convention from falling apart. Brokers a compromise between larger states and smaller states to save it from falling apart
Term
Patrick Henry and his opinion on the Constitutional Convention of 1786 (was not present)
Definition
Patrick Henry does not want radical change like a lot of average Americans even after Shay's Rebellion
Term
Main plan discussed at the Constitutional Convention of 1786?
Definition
Virginia Plan
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
bicameral legislature of House of Reps style stuff
Term
New Jersey Plan
Definition
unicameral legislature with one vote per state
Term
The Great Compromise
Definition
they will allow southern states can count as a whole 3/5ths of the slave population
Term
Who was the President in 1808?
Definition
Jefferson
Term
AntiFederalists
Definition
against strong central gov. Some liked and didn't like the Articles of Confederation
Term
Federalists
Definition
for strong central gov
Term
First Political Parties in America?
Definition
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Term
Define Federalism
Definition
form of government where you have states which are all tied together by a federal government
Term
Tariff of 1789
Definition
second statute ever enacted by the new federal government of the United States by a vote of the first U.S. Congress. Most of the rates of the revenue tariff were between 5 and 10 percent, depending on the value of the item. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton was anxious to establish the tariff as a regular source of government revenue and to encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing to lessen America's then-heavy dependence on foreign-made products
Term
revenue tariff
Definition
Raise money for the government
Term
Protective Tariff
Definition
- Protects American markets from foreign competition
Term
Prohibitive Tariff
Definition
Designed to "prohibit" the sale of foreign good in the US; akin to a trade war
Term
Judiciary Act of 1789
Definition
correct the problems of the AoC that of no freaking court system OTHER JUDICIARY ACTS. KNOW THE YEARS BRO.
designed to flesh out court system in US

levels: Supreme Court > Circuit Court of Appeals > Federal District Courts
Term
Section 25 of Judiciary Act of 1789
Definition
IMPORTANTE Any case involving a federal question (like Constitution) this case no matter where it originates from can be heard by the Supreme Court.
Says Supreme Court of the US interprets the Constitution. AWH SHIEEETTTTT. So congress brought this into power.
Term
Hamilton's Fiscal Policies
Definition
Funding and Assumption
Bank of the US
Federal revenue (tariffs and taxes)
Loose v. Strict Construction
Term
Significance of Hamilton's Policies
Definition
Put US on firm stable ground - Hamilton. Ultimate goal to make US stronger.
Term
Congress bugged the shit outta Washington, so instead
Definition
relied on his cabinet instead
Term
Secretary of State of Washington
Definition
Jefferson
Term
Secretary of Treasury
Definition
Alexander Hamilton
Term
Secretary of War
Definition
Henry Knox
Term
Hamilton finance stuff
Definition
1780s National Debt 50 million IOUS floating around
1790s
Hamilton proposes we take IOUS and pull them into 1790s. The Federal Gov then pays all that shit with back interest too!
Term
One thing to say youre the interpreter of the constitution, another to actually do it. Took a supreme court case to do that
Definition
yeah
Term
Hamilton Fiscal Plan
Definition
pay off the entire debt federal and state
raise revenue with high tariff and new taqxes
Create a national bank

State debt => national debt
10,000,000 in stock (national bank gonna have investors) 20% of bank will be owned by the federal government

80% of this bank gonna be owned by private investors (the wealthy)

Bank of the United States in Philadelphia

Bank makes huge gov loans to people who will stimulate economy.
Term
Article I Section 8
Definition
Necessary and Proper Clause
Term
Strict Constitution
Definition
: if X isn't listed in plain language in the Constitution as a power of the federal government, then the federal govenment has no power to do X
Term
Loose Constitution
Definition
the federal government does have the power to do X if
1) X isn't prohibited in the Constitution and
2) X helps the government carry out any of its regular, listed (i.e., specified) powers
Term
Hamilton pissed off people by putting a tax on what?
Definition
Whiskey
Term
Why know about Hamiltons policies?
Definition
divide the country with his policies and how to interpret the constitution
Term
Neutrality Proclamation 1793
Definition
a formal announcement issued by United States President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war.
Term
French Revolution
Definition
Term
Tensions with Great Britain
Definition
-Battle of Fallen Timbers
-Problems on the high seas
Term
Jay Treaty (1794)
Definition
treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war,[2], resolving issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Revolution,[3], and facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792

Terms of treaty: Alexander Hamilton but credited to John Jay.

VERY unpopular with Americans.

Key terms of Jay Treaty:


The british got:
US agrees to pay outstanding private war debts
US agrees to agree to stop trading with France

The Americans got:
British agree to leave forts in the Northwest Territories
US given access to British markets in Caribbean and India

problem with Jay's Treaty: lots of Americans wanna go to war with Great Britain. But a lot of Americans wanted to do just that.

The Jay Treaty made Jay unpopular

divided Americans like Hamilton's national bank did
Term
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Definition
looks like British are behind all of this because hid fleeing Native Americans in the British forts

final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between American Indian tribes affiliated with the Western Confederacy and the United States for control of the Northwest Territory
Term
Problems on the high seas with Britain
Definition
Impressment of runaway sailors (whipmarks) but not always British sailors who had the whipmarks. So kidnapping Americans!
Term
Undeclared Naval War with France
Definition
1797-1801
Term
Talleyrand (French Foreign Minister)
Definition
Term
XYZ affair
Definition
1798 diplomatic episode during the administration of John Adams that Americans interpreted as an insult from France.

In the wake of the French Revolution, relations between the new French Republic and the United States became ever more strained. Three French agents, publicly referred to by Adams[where?] as X, Y, and Z, demanded major concessions from the United States as a condition for continuing bilateral diplomatic relations.



SIGNIFICANT:

It led to an undeclared naval war

Federalist Party took advantage of the national anger to build an army and pass the Alien and Sedition Acts to damage the rival Democratic-Republican Party.
Term
Rise of Political Parties (when?)
Definition
mid-1790s
Term
Federalists significant person
Definition
Alexander Hamilton
Term
Democratic Republicans significant persons
Definition
Jefferson, Madison
Term
Hamilton Federalist position
Definition
balanced economy
federal aid to industry, commerce
sympathies with creditors
favored centralized power
distrusted people's abilities to self govern
pro-British
Term
Jefferson Democratic Republican position
Definition
democratic farming society
broad diffusion of wealth
sympathies with debtors
feared centralized power
trusted people's abilities
Pro-French
Term
Whiskey Rebellion when?
Definition
1794
Term
Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
Whiskey tax in 1792
corn farmers were distilling whiskey and making monay
(Shays rebellion was farmers in the west)
the farmers assult tax collectors and associates
Washington calls for a 15,000 man volunteer army
Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee in charge of army
farmers give up and pay tax
divided the country over central gov. (power to gather such a large army
get precident of US president to call on the states for a volunteer army to suppress rebellion

SIGNIFICANCE: Shows new gov w/ new Constitution can put down a rebellion. New government is working!!

1794
Term
Alien and Sedition Acts when?
Definition
1798
Term
Alien and Sedition Act
Definition
immigrants side with democratic-republicans (more votes)
democratic-republicans control the printing presses
Federalists scared of government criticism in the press
Alien Acts - makes it harder for immigrants to become citizens allows unrly immigrants to be deported
Sedition Acts - made it illegal to criticize in print on in word the govenment of the US (set to expire on last day of Adam's presidency)
*stain on Adam's pesidency
-purely political to deny republican support and silence criticism
-leads to Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-99)
Term
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - (authors Jefferson and Madison (written anonymously) )

Why Written anonymously?
Definition
The Sedition Acts. didn't want to risk getting prosecuted for it.
Term
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - (authors Jefferson and Madison (written anonymously) )
Definition
-response to alien and sedition acts
put forth Compact Theory of government (Jefferson and Madison)
Jefferson and Madison making case for states to be interpreters of the Constitution
Hamilton wants Supreme Court to interpret it.
Compact theory logically leads to SECESSION!!!
Term
Compact Theory
Definition
US Constitution was written and ratified by the States. States created Constitution and federal government. In doing so willingly given up some powers to federal gov. Also clearly written out the powers of the federal gov. If fed gov passes a law the states disagree with they can NULLIFY the law.
Term
when was the Virginia Dynasty?
Definition
1801 - 1825
Term
When was the Administration of Thomas Jefferson?
Definition
1801-1809
Term
When was Marbury v. Madison?
Definition
1803
Term
When was the Louisiana Purchase?
Definition
1803
Term
When was the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
Definition
1804-1806
Term
Candidates in the election of 1800?
Definition
Jefferson - Democratic Republican
Burr - Democratic Republican
Adams - Federalist
Term
Election of 1800 stuff
Definition
Every single elector who is going to vote Jefferson, and thus, one for Burr.
Scheme to kick Adams the heck outta the White House
Very clear from beginning Adams not gonna win. The treaty with France and all his shenanigans = PWND IN THE FACE.
73 for Jefferson. 73 for Burr
So all Republicans made a tie. DERP
Recounts = keep making a tie.

Hamilton gets his Federalist supporters to Jefferson at last minute cuz Burr is a slimy douche

Didnt like Jefferson, but at the end of the day, not Burr

SIGNIFICANCE: this election of 1800 is important because lead directly to the 12th amendment to the US constitution. Changed so one election for president, one election for vice president.
first of only two elections to be decided by the House of Representatives
election of 1824 was the other one
Most important = first time thta a political party had just ousted another political party in the United States. When a political party got ousted from power in other countries? Violence/war/bloodshed occurred. No bloodshed here
This election was the first PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER IN AMERICAN HISTORY
"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" - Thomas Jefferson (First Inaugural Address)
WE'RE ALL AMERICANS
Term
Significance of Election of 1800?
Definition
this election of 1800 is important because lead directly to the 12th amendment to the US constitution. Changed so one election for president, one election for vice president.
first of only two elections to be decided by the House of Representatives
election of 1824 was the other one
Most important = first time thta a political party had just ousted another political party in the United States. When a political party got ousted from power in other countries? Violence/war/bloodshed occurred. No bloodshed here
This election was the first PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER IN AMERICAN HISTORY
"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" - Thomas Jefferson (First Inaugural Address)
WE'RE ALL AMERICANS
Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition
Right after election of 1800, Jefferson not put into office until March 20th (elected November) John Adams "we're about to lose the executive and legislative branch" John Adams pushes Judiciary Act of 1801. This built onto the previous Judiciary Act (1789?) These courts need judges. So President appoints them (John Adams) Appoints Federalist Judges.
Chief Justice John Marshall (appointed by Adams) He is a staunch Federalist. Another judge that Adams appointed: Justice of Peace William Marbury. Adams would write out a commission, Sec of State to give commission to whomever. All specified in the 1801 J. Act.

Secretary of State for Madison (Jefferson) finds commission fell behind desk from last administration.
Pretend to literally throw it under the rug. Marbury then sues Madison for the commission.

Does Marbury deserve this commission? Appointed by one president, and cannot remove him until dies or gets removed from the bench.

Does Marbury have any legal means to obtain this commission?
In the end, Marbury does not get commission. Cannot force Sec of State to give commission because messes up separation of powers.

Marshall just did? Has given up a tiny little power by just by doing that (ruling Judiciary Act of 1801 unconstitutional) gave courts a HUGE power. Interpret the freaking constitution.
Term
End rseult of Marbury v. Madison establishes what?
Definition
Judicial Review by the Judiciary Act of 1801
Term
Judiciary Act of 1801
Definition
This built onto the previous Judiciary Act (1789?) These courts need judges. So President appoints them (John Adams) Appoints Federalist Judges.
Chief Justice John Marshall (appointed by Adams) He is a staunch Federalist. Another judge that Adams appointed: Justice of Peace William Marbury. Adams would write out a commission, Sec of State to give commission to whomever. All specified in the 1801 J. Act.
Term
Louisiana Purchase notes
Definition
All territory called Louisiana owned by France til end of War then Spain. When spain controlling this area, make lots of good relations with spain because we wanna use the mississippi river. Everythnings great
in 1800, by way of a secret treaty, spain gave louisian back to france. Why American become worried about this, who's in charge of france in 1800? Napoleon. Napoleon wanted to sell, but Jefferson is gettin worried. Napoleon is an aggresive mofo. France is now our neighbor. May not have same ideals for peace and the river. Jefferson's worries are founded some. Once Napoleon got LA, had delusions of creating a North American empire.
When in 1802 his army on Haiti, slave population rose up overthrew masters and declared independence. Army pwnd, Dying from disease. In the end Napoleon said oh screw it on NA Empire. Who wants to buy? We do! Jefferson sends diplomat (James Munroe) to Paris with instructions to authority to buy port of New Orleans for 5 million dollars. When he goes to France. Munroe shocked that he wants to sell all dat shit. Can you pass this up? Nope. Jefferson initially hesistant but says bam 15 mil lets get all dat shit. Shifted over to US. BAM.

How big deal?
for 15 mil, roughly 828,000 square miles. 3 cents an acre.
Federalists will criticize him. Where in the Constitution says the LA Purchase was explicitly there?
Deals with political fallout like this: just exchanged land for cash. (what?)
that 15 mil we didnt just give. We borrowed the money on credit from the Bank of London. good for 15 mil because of Hamilton's policies

Why important? 1. What a deal! We doubled the US all for the cost of 15 mil. 2. Great case study. In how a political party acts when they are in power. Not in power? IN POWER PEEPS ARE WRONG
Term
Significance of Louisiana Purchase
Definition
How big deal?
for 15 mil, roughly 828,000 square miles. 3 cents an acre.
Federalists will criticize him. Where in the Constitution says the LA Purchase was explicitly there?
Deals with political fallout like this: just exchanged land for cash. (what?)
that 15 mil we didnt just give. We borrowed the money on credit from the Bank of London. good for 15 mil because of Hamilton's policies

Why important? 1. What a deal! We doubled the US all for the cost of 15 mil. 2. Great case study. In how a political party acts when they are in power. Not in power? IN POWER PEEPS ARE WRONG
Term
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Definition
Expedition (1804-1806)
Jefferson hires two explorers named Lewis and Clark and head out West.
Term
Neutrality Proclamation 1793
Definition
a formal announcement issued by United States President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war.
Term
French Revolution
Definition
Term
Tensions with Great Britain
Definition
-Battle of Fallen Timbers
-Problems on the high seas
Term
Jay Treaty (1794)
Definition
treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war,[2], resolving issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Revolution,[3], and facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792

Terms of treaty: Alexander Hamilton but credited to John Jay.

VERY unpopular with Americans.

Key terms of Jay Treaty:


The british got:
US agrees to pay outstanding private war debts
US agrees to agree to stop trading with France

The Americans got:
British agree to leave forts in the Northwest Territories
US given access to British markets in Caribbean and India

problem with Jay's Treaty: lots of Americans wanna go to war with Great Britain. But a lot of Americans wanted to do just that.

The Jay Treaty made Jay unpopular

divided Americans like Hamilton's national bank did
Term
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Definition
looks like British are behind all of this because hid fleeing Native Americans in the British forts

final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between American Indian tribes affiliated with the Western Confederacy and the United States for control of the Northwest Territory
Term
Problems on the high seas with Britain
Definition
Impressment of runaway sailors (whipmarks) but not always British sailors who had the whipmarks. So kidnapping Americans!
Term
Undeclared Naval War with France
Definition
1797-1801
Term
Talleyrand (French Foreign Minister)
Definition
Term
XYZ affair
Definition
1798 diplomatic episode during the administration of John Adams that Americans interpreted as an insult from France.

In the wake of the French Revolution, relations between the new French Republic and the United States became ever more strained. Three French agents, publicly referred to by Adams[where?] as X, Y, and Z, demanded major concessions from the United States as a condition for continuing bilateral diplomatic relations.



SIGNIFICANT:

It led to an undeclared naval war

Federalist Party took advantage of the national anger to build an army and pass the Alien and Sedition Acts to damage the rival Democratic-Republican Party.
Term
Rise of Political Parties (when?)
Definition
mid-1790s
Term
Federalists significant person
Definition
Alexander Hamilton
Term
Democratic Republicans significant persons
Definition
Jefferson, Madison
Term
Hamilton Federalist position
Definition
balanced economy
federal aid to industry, commerce
sympathies with creditors
favored centralized power
distrusted people's abilities to self govern
pro-British
Term
Jefferson Democratic Republican position
Definition
democratic farming society
broad diffusion of wealth
sympathies with debtors
feared centralized power
trusted people's abilities
Pro-French
Term
Whiskey Rebellion when?
Definition
1794
Term
Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
Whiskey tax in 1792
corn farmers were distilling whiskey and making monay
(Shays rebellion was farmers in the west)
the farmers assult tax collectors and associates
Washington calls for a 15,000 man volunteer army
Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee in charge of army
farmers give up and pay tax
divided the country over central gov. (power to gather such a large army
get precident of US president to call on the states for a volunteer army to suppress rebellion

SIGNIFICANCE: Shows new gov w/ new Constitution can put down a rebellion. New government is working!!

1794
Term
Alien and Sedition Acts when?
Definition
1798
Term
Alien and Sedition Act
Definition
immigrants side with democratic-republicans (more votes)
democratic-republicans control the printing presses
Federalists scared of government criticism in the press
Alien Acts - makes it harder for immigrants to become citizens allows unrly immigrants to be deported
Sedition Acts - made it illegal to criticize in print on in word the govenment of the US (set to expire on last day of Adam's presidency)
*stain on Adam's pesidency
-purely political to deny republican support and silence criticism
-leads to Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-99)
Term
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - (authors Jefferson and Madison (written anonymously) )

Why Written anonymously?
Definition
The Sedition Acts. didn't want to risk getting prosecuted for it.
Term
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - (authors Jefferson and Madison (written anonymously) )
Definition
-response to alien and sedition acts
put forth Compact Theory of government (Jefferson and Madison)
Jefferson and Madison making case for states to be interpreters of the Constitution
Hamilton wants Supreme Court to interpret it.
Compact theory logically leads to SECESSION!!!
Term
Compact Theory
Definition
US Constitution was written and ratified by the States. States created Constitution and federal government. In doing so willingly given up some powers to federal gov. Also clearly written out the powers of the federal gov. If fed gov passes a law the states disagree with they can NULLIFY the law.
Term
when was the Virginia Dynasty?
Definition
1801 - 1825
Term
When was the Administration of Thomas Jefferson?
Definition
1801-1809
Term
When was Marbury v. Madison?
Definition
1803
Term
When was the Louisiana Purchase?
Definition
1803
Term
When was the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
Definition
1804-1806
Term
Candidates in the election of 1800?
Definition
Jefferson - Democratic Republican
Burr - Democratic Republican
Adams - Federalist
Term
Election of 1800 stuff
Definition
Every single elector who is going to vote Jefferson, and thus, one for Burr.
Scheme to kick Adams the heck outta the White House
Very clear from beginning Adams not gonna win. The treaty with France and all his shenanigans = PWND IN THE FACE.
73 for Jefferson. 73 for Burr
So all Republicans made a tie. DERP
Recounts = keep making a tie.

Hamilton gets his Federalist supporters to Jefferson at last minute cuz Burr is a slimy douche

Didnt like Jefferson, but at the end of the day, not Burr

SIGNIFICANCE: this election of 1800 is important because lead directly to the 12th amendment to the US constitution. Changed so one election for president, one election for vice president.
first of only two elections to be decided by the House of Representatives
election of 1824 was the other one
Most important = first time thta a political party had just ousted another political party in the United States. When a political party got ousted from power in other countries? Violence/war/bloodshed occurred. No bloodshed here
This election was the first PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER IN AMERICAN HISTORY
"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" - Thomas Jefferson (First Inaugural Address)
WE'RE ALL AMERICANS
Term
Significance of Election of 1800?
Definition
this election of 1800 is important because lead directly to the 12th amendment to the US constitution. Changed so one election for president, one election for vice president.
first of only two elections to be decided by the House of Representatives
election of 1824 was the other one
Most important = first time thta a political party had just ousted another political party in the United States. When a political party got ousted from power in other countries? Violence/war/bloodshed occurred. No bloodshed here
This election was the first PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER IN AMERICAN HISTORY
"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" - Thomas Jefferson (First Inaugural Address)
WE'RE ALL AMERICANS
Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition
Right after election of 1800, Jefferson not put into office until March 20th (elected November) John Adams "we're about to lose the executive and legislative branch" John Adams pushes Judiciary Act of 1801. This built onto the previous Judiciary Act (1789?) These courts need judges. So President appoints them (John Adams) Appoints Federalist Judges.
Chief Justice John Marshall (appointed by Adams) He is a staunch Federalist. Another judge that Adams appointed: Justice of Peace William Marbury. Adams would write out a commission, Sec of State to give commission to whomever. All specified in the 1801 J. Act.

Secretary of State for Madison (Jefferson) finds commission fell behind desk from last administration.
Pretend to literally throw it under the rug. Marbury then sues Madison for the commission.

Does Marbury deserve this commission? Appointed by one president, and cannot remove him until dies or gets removed from the bench.

Does Marbury have any legal means to obtain this commission?
In the end, Marbury does not get commission. Cannot force Sec of State to give commission because messes up separation of powers.

Marshall just did? Has given up a tiny little power by just by doing that (ruling Judiciary Act of 1801 unconstitutional) gave courts a HUGE power. Interpret the freaking constitution.
Term
End rseult of Marbury v. Madison establishes what?
Definition
Judicial Review by the Judiciary Act of 1801
Term
Judiciary Act of 1801
Definition
This built onto the previous Judiciary Act (1789?) These courts need judges. So President appoints them (John Adams) Appoints Federalist Judges.
Chief Justice John Marshall (appointed by Adams) He is a staunch Federalist. Another judge that Adams appointed: Justice of Peace William Marbury. Adams would write out a commission, Sec of State to give commission to whomever. All specified in the 1801 J. Act.
Term
Louisiana Purchase notes
Definition
All territory called Louisiana owned by France til end of War then Spain. When spain controlling this area, make lots of good relations with spain because we wanna use the mississippi river. Everythnings great
in 1800, by way of a secret treaty, spain gave louisian back to france. Why American become worried about this, who's in charge of france in 1800? Napoleon. Napoleon wanted to sell, but Jefferson is gettin worried. Napoleon is an aggresive mofo. France is now our neighbor. May not have same ideals for peace and the river. Jefferson's worries are founded some. Once Napoleon got LA, had delusions of creating a North American empire.
When in 1802 his army on Haiti, slave population rose up overthrew masters and declared independence. Army pwnd, Dying from disease. In the end Napoleon said oh screw it on NA Empire. Who wants to buy? We do! Jefferson sends diplomat (James Munroe) to Paris with instructions to authority to buy port of New Orleans for 5 million dollars. When he goes to France. Munroe shocked that he wants to sell all dat shit. Can you pass this up? Nope. Jefferson initially hesistant but says bam 15 mil lets get all dat shit. Shifted over to US. BAM.

How big deal?
for 15 mil, roughly 828,000 square miles. 3 cents an acre.
Federalists will criticize him. Where in the Constitution says the LA Purchase was explicitly there?
Deals with political fallout like this: just exchanged land for cash. (what?)
that 15 mil we didnt just give. We borrowed the money on credit from the Bank of London. good for 15 mil because of Hamilton's policies

Why important? 1. What a deal! We doubled the US all for the cost of 15 mil. 2. Great case study. In how a political party acts when they are in power. Not in power? IN POWER PEEPS ARE WRONG
Term
Significance of Louisiana Purchase
Definition
How big deal?
for 15 mil, roughly 828,000 square miles. 3 cents an acre.
Federalists will criticize him. Where in the Constitution says the LA Purchase was explicitly there?
Deals with political fallout like this: just exchanged land for cash. (what?)
that 15 mil we didnt just give. We borrowed the money on credit from the Bank of London. good for 15 mil because of Hamilton's policies

Why important? 1. What a deal! We doubled the US all for the cost of 15 mil. 2. Great case study. In how a political party acts when they are in power. Not in power? IN POWER PEEPS ARE WRONG
Term
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Definition
Expedition (1804-1806)
Jefferson hires two explorers named Lewis and Clark and head out West.
Term
When was The Hartford Convention
Definition
(1814-1815)
Term
The Hartford Convention
Definition
People in Northeast pretty unhappy with this war. What goes on primarily in Northeast? Commerce and stuff. So no Britain trade? Yuck. Federalists are thus also unhappy with the NEasteners. Americans now begin to listen to the Federalists "Maybe they're right"
Hold a convention in Hartford Ct. Come up with a TON of amendments for Constitution, to implement Madison and Jefferson policies. To prevent Republican party to keep doing whta they're doing. Initially Amreicans are like Sure! But then, rumors start up from this convention that speak of SECESSION of Northeast secede to resume trade and stuff with Britain. After the war, since we thought we won, Federalists seen as traitors. Leave union and join British?? At the end of the war viewed the Federalists as traitors

Significant: Amreicans change their attitude towards Federalist party as traitors, as a result of the Hartford convention, this led to the DEATH of the Federalist party at the NATIONAL level.
Term
Why is the War of 1812 important
Definition
Because Americans did think they won this war, led to avery intense brief period where Americans felt TRULY proud to be American. INTENSE feeling of Nationalism. Can put up with Nationalpolicies and stuff even if didnt directly affect you. "Hey! We're all Americans here!"
Name for era? Era of Good Feelings
Term
What was the name of the era after 1812 of strong nationalism among Americans?
Definition
Era of Good Feelings
Term
Who commanded the Americans troops at The Battle of New Orleans?
Definition
General Andrew Jackson
Term
When was the Battle of New Orleans?
Definition
1815
Term
Battle of New Orleans
Definition
Goal to take city and control Mississippi River


Battle of NO was significant because it was this battle that Americans that we'd actually won this war. Also sometimes called the REAL war for American Independence. Now felt truly independent
Also important? General Andrew Jackson. (General) Propelled him to White House in 1828. "I'm the war hero! I'm the hero of New Orleans"
Term
When was the Treaty of Ghent?
Definition
1814
Term
Treaty of Ghent
Definition
Asked US to send delegates over to Europe meet with Britain and sign a peace treaty with them.
Americans JUMP at the peace treaty.

Signs a treaty making it how things used to be. No one wanted shit they just basically said "let's just stop shooting at each other" basically a STATUS QUO TREATY
Term
What did America win from the War of 1812?
Definition
However, did WE win anything? We stood up to the biggest baddest nation in the world and survived. When this treaty was signed, when got back, read the treaty, and beleived we won this war. Involved the southern attack by British. Tried to take New Orleans, they actually beleieved we had won this war. ALL BECAUSE OF THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS Also Era of Good Feelings
Term
US Disadvantages for War of 1812
Definition
Bank of the United States? bank was only CHARTERED for 20 years. After that 20, rechartered by congress, or DIE. Well here, past 1791 20 years. its 1811. Madison did not like it, so let it die. Disadvantage because you need money for army, supplies, militias, etc. NO BANK! the single BIGGEST advantage we had in this war. Woefully illprepared because of this for the war. With giant bank gone no giant loans can be made for military purchases.

This war went AWFULLY for the United States
The only reason we werent completely pwned cuz Britain preoccupied. Canada also pwnd us

In 1813 war between France and Great Britain ended. Could focus entirely on us. Come up with a grand strategy. ( dont need to know the grand strategy)
Term
US Advantages for War of 1812
Definition
British is already occupied with France struggle. HUGE Advantage for us. Cannot bring full hammer of British force upon us. So they have to divide their forces.
Operating war on own turf? Much easier.
Put up with more since you're protecting your home turf than someone who is not.
Another advantage: concerns a warhawk goal: Always wanted to seize Canada. An advantage: In the case if (when?) we DO want to invade Canada, we have more people than Canada. We can create a bigger army than the Canadians.
Last Advantage: our small navy. What they lacked in numbers, we were extremely efficient (really good captains but small ships) In this war against the Great British fleet, we did pretty darn well.
Term
The Warhawks
Definition
young republicans from south and west. Young, ambitious, and INTENSELY NATIONALIST
what happens after Tippecanoe and Chesapeake? New breed of congressman. New breed for South and the West. these congressmen began putting enormous pressure on Madison as well that he COULD NOT IGNORE
Term
Notable Warhawks
Definition
-Henry Clay
from Kentucky
-John C. Calhoun
South Carolina
Term
When was the Battle of Tippecanoe?
Definition
1811
Term
Battle of Tippecanoe
Definition
West= aka Northwest Territories. Battle with Native Americans for their land. Blamed British for riling up Native Americans against us. How US gov handled? Sends the army out commanded by William Henry Harrison (future president. huh, what launches his career...THIS!). Native American War leader in opposition? Tecumseh. Legendary Indian who was very capable of uniting multiple tribes together. So basically pretty formidable oppostition. Harrison sets up meeting with Tecumseh. to meet at a log cabin. Harrison got there first. Rather than sit across, sat next to, unless fell over. Youre crowding me! "That's what you're doing to me."

Both forces meet at Tippecanoe. Fought it out at Tippecanoe. Over pretty quickly. Harrison PWND the Native Americans. Tecumseh's army was SMASHED. Retreated to Canada. Because of that, Americans thought even more that British were behind all this.
Enormous pressure for Madison to do something.
Term
Causes of the War of 1812
Definition
Violations of US Neutrality (by British) like the Chesapeake Affair, and Battle of Tippecanoe results

Problems in the West: Battle of Tippecanoe, The Warhawks
Term
Madison's two terms of office primarily dominated by what?
Definition
War of 1812
Term
When was the Chesapeake Affair
Definition
1807
Term
Chesapeake Affair
Definition
1807,Chesapeake leaves Virginian port not expecting a ship, Chesapeake told by them to slow down park and prepare to be boarded. LOL EFF NO! In retaliation fires on Chesapeake. Chesapeake didn't fight back, because not ready for combat. Chesapeake says fine, you can board. They take 5 sailors off the USS Chesapeake. 4 of them were in fact British citizens (we now know). Americans are screaming for war against Great Britain
Term
Significance of Northwest Ordinance
Definition
Eventually gives Lincoln the power to carry the North to get elected. Makes new states slave free and equal to other states.
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