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Histology
Cartilage
29
Medical
Professional
09/13/2008

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Cards

Term
what is cartilage
Definition
specialized c.t. composed of cells in a gel like substance that contains fibrous macromolecules
Term
what is the vascularization of cartilage?
Definition
it is avascular!
Term
what is the main function of cartilage?
Definition
to support soft tissue
Term
what are the roles of cartilage?
Definition
support soft tissue, shock absorber, friction free sliding surface for joints, model for long bone durring development and growth
Term
what are the three types of cartilage?
Definition
hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage
Term
What are chondroblasts?
Definition
Cells in cartilage that secrete ecm
Term
when chondroblasts surround themselves with matrix they are called?
Definition
chondrocytes
Term
where are chondrocytes found?
Definition
in the lacunae of the matrix
Term
chondrocytes can divide and when they do the cells derived from a chondrocyte are termed
Definition
a cell nest or isogenous group.
Term
individual cells of the isogenous group are seperated by what?
Definition
a matrix wall called the septum
Term
the matrix of cartilage is made by?
Definition
chondroblasts and young chondrocytes
Term
what are the main components of the matrix of cartilage?
Definition
type II collagen, fibrils, proteoglycans, and bound water! (75%of weight)
Term
what does the glycoprotein chondronectin do?
Definition
mediates attachment of chondrocytes to the extracellular matrix.
Term
the matrix immediately surrounding the lacunae is called?
Definition
territorial matrix
Term
how is the territorial matrix differnt than the interterritorial matrix?
Definition
the territorial matrix is rich in glycosaminoglycans but poor in collagen... it therefore stains more intensely than the territorial matrix
Term
What is perichondrium?
Definition
A dense c. t. that surrounds most cartilage. ... contains type I collagen, a vascular supply and cells capable of differentiating into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
Term
where is perichondrium not found?
Definition
fibrocartilage and articular surfaces of hyaline cartilage.
Term
how is cartilage nourished?
Definition
by diffusion, it is avascular and therefore has a low metabolic rate and cell turnover and thus inherent stability.
Term
where are the blood vessles that supply cartilage with its nutrients via diffustion found?
Definition
in the perichondrium.
Term
by what two mech. is cartilage capable of growing?
Definition
appositional and interstitial
Term
what is the process of appositional growth in cartilage?
Definition
cells on the inner layer of the perichondrium develope into chondroblasts, which synthesize and secrete matrix on top of the existing cartilage matrix..... these chondroblasts burry themselves in the matrix and become chondrocytes (by definition).
Term
what is the process of interstitial growth in cartilage?
Definition
chondrocytes within the cartilage divide and the daughters manufacture more matrix, thus expanding volume from the inside (interstitial growth)!
Term
what type of growth system is used to increase the length of long bones?
Definition
interstitial growth is used for this as well as in replacing articular cartilage (because it lacks a perichondrium and therefore of course cant use apposistional method)
Term
explain hyaline cartilage:
Definition
it is the most common and most studied... it appears glassy and is found in the respiratory system, nose, ventral end of ribs, epiphyseal growth plates, articular surfaces of bones and forms the model of most bones in the fetus!
Term
explain elastic cartilage:
Definition
found where flexible support is needed.... external ear, walls of the auditory canal, epiglottis, larynx. ... it has a higher ratio of chondrocytes/matrix than hyaline cart. but has fewer cells/isogenous grp.
Term
explain fibrocartilage:
Definition
has features intermediate to dense c.t. and hyaline cart. ... found in the intervert. disk, symphasis pubis, and att.'s of certian ligaments and tendons. ...cells are present in small numbers, fibers excede the proportion of ground substance. .... no perichondrium!
Term
fibrocartilage is always found with what?
Definition
dense c. t.
Term
what is the regeneration capacity of cartilage?
Definition
in adults it is limited... perichondrium may produce a c.t. scar rather than new cartilage.
Term
what is osteoarthritis?
Definition
a debilitating degenerative joint disease, caused by prog. errosion of articular cartilage, prod. of osteophytes(bony outgrowths at periphery of joints). ...with age the proliferative attempt at repair is overcome by faster erosion than repair and cartilage degrades!
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