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Details Title: Histology of the male ReproTra Description: 4.17.07 Total Flash Cards: 28 Created: 04/21/2007 11:48:38	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term What are the four parts of the male reproductive system? Definition 1. Testis-production of spermatozoa and secretion of male sex hormones 2. Genital ducts-collect, store and conduct spermatozoa from each testis 3. Accessory glands -secrete a nutritive and lubricating fluid called seminal fluid 4. Penis-copulating organ Term What is the reductive %? Definition 4N to 2N, it is the first meitotic diviions. Meiosis 1 separates homologous chromosomes, sister chromosomes are still attached. Term What is equitorial %? Definition meiosis II, separating sister chromatids Term Where are male germ cells made? Definition in the stestes Term What are the testes made of? Definition lobules make up tubules. each tubule is U-shaped with two ends opening into rete testis Term What are Leydig cells? Definition interstitial cells that secrete T. T makes Secondary sex characteristics of males; Maintenance of seminiferous epithelium Term What do typical leydig cells look like? Definition the nucleus @ one side with foamy cytoplams Term Why are cytoplasmic bridges essential? Definition bc they allow produces to be communicated back and forth between germ cells. Term What is TEX14? Definition Testis-expressed gene 14 (TEX14) is a novel protein that localizes to germ cell intercellular bridges. TEX14 is essential for intercellular bridges and fertility in male mice. Thus, TEX14 is required for intercellular bridges in vertebrate germ cells, and these studies provide evidence that the intercellular bridge is essential for spermatogenesis and fertility. Term What are the spermiogenesis steps? Definition The golgi phase, the cap phase, the acrosome phase, and the maturation phase Term How long will the formation of a mature spermatozoa? Definition 70 days Term How are spermatozoas released from the epithelium? Definition the residual body pinches off, releases spermatozoa, and they are propelled into the epithelium Term What is Kartagener Syndrome? Definition Immotile spermatozoa and resulting infertility; Absence of dynein or other proteins required for flagellar motility; Associated with chronic respiratory infections Term Why is dynein important? Definition it is critical for microtubules, thus important for flagellar motility Term What are sertoli celss used for? Definition They are very elongated cells, touching every germ cell in the seminiferious tubules for SUPPORT and NUTRITION Term What are the functions of Sertoli Cells? Definition Support, protect and provide nutrition to the developing germ cells; Phagocytize residual bodies and abnormal germ cells; Secrete androgen-binding protein and inhibin; (helps to concentrate T made by LC; helps to inhibit FSH which is the feedback response for keeping T levels high, but not too high Produce anti-Müllerian hormone Term What is another importat Sertoli Cell function? Definition Formed by the tight junctions of the Sertoli cells; Divides the testis into a basal compartment and an adlumenal compartment; Protects more advanced stages of spermatogenesis from blood-borne products Term What does it mean to be pseudo stratified? Definition Transverse section of tracheal tissue. Note that image is incorrectly labeled "ciliated stratified epithelium" at upper right. A pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelium that, though comprising only a single layer of cells, has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelia. As it rarely occurs as squamous or cuboidal epithelia, it is usually considered synonymous with the term pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The term pseudostratified is derived from the appearance of this epithelium in section which conveys the erroneous (pseudo means false) impression that there is more than one layer of cells, when in fact this is a true simple epithelium since all the cells rest on the basement membrane. The nuclei of these cells, however, are disposed at different levels, thus creating the illusion of cellular stratification. Not all ciliated cells extend to the luminal surface; such cells are capable of cell division providing replacements for cells lost or damaged. Term what are stereocillia? Definition NOT cillia, because they do not have microtubules. Instead, they are "microvilli" because they have activ. In the testes, the absorb testicular protien and secrete stuff Term What is Kallman syndrome? Definition The structure of GNRH1 (from PDB 1YY1) ICD-10 E23.0 ICD-9 253.4 OMIM 308700 147950 244200 138850 607002 DiseasesDB 7091 eMedicine med/1216  med/1342 MeSH D017436 Kallmann syndrome is an example of hypogonadism (decreased functioning of the sex hormone-producing glands) caused by a deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is created by the hypothalamus. Kallmann syndrome is also known as hypothalamic hypogonadism, familial hypogonadism with anosmia, or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, reflecting its disease mechanism. Kallmann syndrome is a form of secondary hypogonadism reflecting the fact the primary cause of the defect in sex hormone production lies within the pituitary and hypothalamus rather than a physical defect of the testes or ovaries themselves. Term What are the functions of the epididymous? Definition Resorbs testicular fluid , Phagocytizes residual bodies and degenerate spermatozoa , Secretes glycoproteins, sialic acid, glycerylphosphorylcholine Term What layers does the vas def have? Definition an interior layer of epithlium, same as in epididymous, and 3 smooth muscle layers that propel sperm forward Term what is in synovial fluid? Definition Fructose, Citrate, Prostaglandins, Proteins Term What is the way out for sperM? Definition seminiferous tubes, rete testes, epididymous, vas def, ampulla, ejaculatory duct, urethra Term what are 3 zones of the prostate gland? Definition peripheral zone glands, outer (submuscosal), inner (mucosal) Term What are the products of the prostate? Definition Products: Acid phosphatase; Citric acid; Fibrinolysin; Other proteins Term What does T do? Definition negative feedback on the hypothal and LH Term what does inhibin do? Definition negative feedback on FSH