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HIST 1320 Midterm
N/A
63
History
Undergraduate 2
09/18/2011

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Term
14TH AMENDMENT
Definition
-1868
-MAKES NATIVE BORN BLACKS CITIZENS
-GUARANTEES ALL CITIZENS EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW
-JOHNSON CAMPAIGNS AGAINST IT
Term
15TH AMENDMENT
Definition
-1870
-STATES CANNOT DENY VOTE ON BASIS OF RACE, COLOR, OR PREVIOUS SERVITUDE
-INCREASE IN BLACK MALE VOTES
Term
13TH AMENDMENT
Definition
-1865
-ABOLISHED SLAVERY
-SOUTHERN STATES HAD TO RATIFY IN ORDER TO REJOIN THE UNION AFTER CIVIL WAR
Term
BLACK CODES
Definition
-LAWS TO OPRESS BLACKS IN THE SOUTH
-LABOR CONTRACTS WERE ISSUED FROM FARMERS IN EXCHANGE FOR LAND TO WORK ON AND SOME CROPS, IF CONTRACT WAS NOT RENEWED, THEY WOULD BE FINED AND CONSIDERED A VAGRANT
-NO CITIZEN RIGHTS (JURY DUTY,VOTING)
-INTERMARRIAGE WAS OUTLAWED
-VERY LITTLE PROPERTY RIGHTS
Term
JIM CROW
Definition
-DE JURE SEGREGATION (BY LAW)
-PLESSY VS FERGUSON(1896)
-SEPARATE BUT EQUAL IS FAIR
-SEGREGATION SPREADS AND IS INSTITUTED INTO MANY ESTABLISHMENTS IN SOUTH
-LOSS OF POLITICAL RIGHTS DUE TO WHITE EMPLOYERS OF BLACKS AND KKK TELLING THEM WHICH WAY TO VOTE AND THREATENING
Term
MANIFEST DESTINY
Definition
-THEORY THAT IS WAS A GOD GIVEN RIGHT TO EXPLORE THE WEST AND EXPAND THE US
Term
INDIAN REMOVAL
Definition
-1850S:REMOVAL PHASE BEGINS(MOVING INDIANS AWAY FROM WHITES,TRAIL OF TEARS)
-1860S:CONCENTRATION,CONFINEMENT(RESERVATIONS,CIVILIZE THE SAVAGES,WANTED NATIVES AS AGRICULTURE WORKERS)
-ACCULTURATION
Term
TREATY OF FT LARAMIE
Definition
-1868
-ESTABLISHED RESERVATIONS
-BLACK HILLS WERE DESIGNEATED AREA WHERE NO WHITE MAN COULD ENCROACH
-INDIANS COULDNT OPPOSE RRs
-ENGLISH TAUGHT IN SCHOOLS ON RESERVATIONS
Term
GOV. TEACHINGS ON RESERVATIONS
Definition
-PREPARED FOR INTERGRATION INTO POP CULTURE
-CHRISTIANITY
-PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
-ANGLO CULTURE
Term
THE DAWES ACT
Definition
-1887
-ASSIMILATION:GRANTED US CITIZENSHIP TO NATIVES WILLING TO FARM 360 ACRES AND RID THEMSELVES OF INDIAN WAYS
-DIVIDED RESERVATIONS INTO PLOTS OF 160 OR 320 ACRES
-HUGE REDUCTION OF AMOUNT OF INDIAN LAND
Term
CHINESE EXCLUSION
Definition
-1882
-BANNED IMMIGRATION FROM CHINA
-FIRST TIME IMMIGRATION BANNED BASED ON ETHNICITY
Term
HOMESTEAD ACT
Definition
-1862
-160 ACRES OF FREE LAND GIVEN TO CITIZENS WHO FILE AN APPLICATION, IMPROVE THE LAND AND THEN ARE ABLE TO FILE FOR THE TITLE TO THE LAND
-40% SUCCESSFULLY HOMESTEADEDED
Term
coeur d'alene strike
Definition
-1892
-mining companies hired pinkerton spies to report on union activity in mines
-3500 miners protest
-pinkertons sent in to stop protesters
-protesters locked up for months
-western federation of miners formed in prison
Term
cripple creek strike
Definition
-1894
-many silver and gold mines
-panic of 1893:silver plummets
-mining companies called for wage cuts and more hours
-WFM organizes strike
-mining companies form private militias to supress strikers
-governer of colorado sends militia to protect the miners
-victory of WFM
Term
wabash vs illinois
Definition
-1877
-states cannot regulate interstate commerce
-interstate commerce commission created, found violations in pricing but not very powerful agency
Term
drive system
Definition
-workers drove to meet quota, if they did not they lost job
-escalates and creates mayhem
-1/4 of carnegie steel workers killed on the job
Term
vertical integration
Definition
a company becoming part of all aspects of production to maximize profit
Term
horizontal integration
Definition
a company producing products that are similar to current product to maximize profit
Term
mutual aid society
Definition
-anyone in community would join and pay dues
-started newspapers
-talked about current events in homeland
-held social activities
-provide form of limited insurance
-injured people needed help and money
-gave death benefits
-present ethnic identity in america
Term
carnegie steel
Definition
-leader in steel manufacturing
-provided workers with places to live but they had poor living conditions and worked long hours and paid high rent
-vertical integration
Term
laissez faire
Definition
-gov should not be involved in business
-religions believed that gods would rule
-large following in middle class
Term
2nd industrial system
Definition
-mass production of goods
-mechanization
-railroad gov policies
-largest land grant in history
-cities would begin to form where train depots were
Term
the new south
Definition
-integration of the south into the american industrial system
-re-emergence of a south characterized by racial opression
-skewed social system(mostly white farmers but all power laid in the hands of wealthy slaveholders)
-reconstruction(more rr built,public education system, south was far behind and devastatated)
-no industrial labor force
-sharecropping(farmers leased areas of land for blacks or poor whites to farm and yield crops for the farmer)
Term
kkk
Definition
-began as former military member social club
-guerilla warfare
-target black republicans
-want democratic equality
-scare many blacks out of voting
Term
the grange
Definition
-social club for farmers that pressed for the interstate commerce act, makes sure all shipping rates stay the same for everyone
Term
interstate commerce act
Definition
-1887
-shipping prices were fluxuating
-prices werent being posted
-required farmers in pricing
-first opposition in business policy
Term
free silver
Definition
populists and other wanted silver to be introduced into the money system, causing inflation and making their products more valuable. popular with farmers
Term
the great railroad strike of 1877
Definition
-military called in to control it
-took place accross the nation, first national strike in history
-over 100 deaths
-tension between capital and labor
-wage reductions were the cause
-rr industry workers also striked
-local militia and violence
-strikers put down by army
-questions of fairness
Term
knights of labor
Definition
-slowly spread
-republican-producerism:liberty, independence, unalienable rights,wealth created by labor
-wanted 8 hr day, equal pay(men and women),public ownership of rr,no child labor,graduated income tax,no chinese immigration
-open to all workers
Term
haymarket bombing
Definition
-service was being held for strikers who had been killed by police
-someone in crowd throws a bomb, police open fire
-8 of the strike leaders were arrested, 7 of them sentenced to death although not actually known if they had anyting to do with the bomb
-demoralized the labor movement
-thought that foreigners brought violence
-knights of labor memberships decline
Term
the peoples party (populist)
Definition
-political reform
-secret ballot
-direct election of senators
-one term presidency
-outlawing strike breakers
-8 hour work day
-free silver
-naturalize rr, banks, communication
-appointed black delagates
-thought social class defines you more than color
Term
crop-lien system
Definition
-form of credit
-cycle of debt
-merchants provided food and supplies on credit and when crop was harvested, it was used to pay back merchant
Term
farmers alliance
Definition
-pool purchasing power and then productive power
-new type of leader emerged: young,uneducated,well-spoken,angry,farmers' rights...William Lamb
-warehouse overproduction:backstocked products and wouldnt sell until price rebounded
-brought political education to farmers
-speakers heard by over 2 million farmers and families
Term
panic of 1893
Definition
-price of silver drops
-market collapses, banks, businesses close
-farms, crop prices down, no longer self sufficient
-railroads were overcapitalized(same companies buying lines that werent effiecient and couldnt afford, construction down)
-bank failures
-european de-investment(gold flows from nyc to london)
Term
pullman strike
Definition
-pullman boxcars fires 1/3 of labor
-lowers wages but not rent in the town
-standard of living plummets
-fires workers who voice concern about issues
-workers join american railway union
-ARU boycotts pullman boxcars
-shuts down transportation
-conflicts between workers and national guard
-debs(leader of ARU) arrested
-determines that business owners have the right to keep a business open while workers strike, and if workers refuse to negotiate, military action may be taken
Term
american railway union
Definition
-eugene v debs
-wanted all railway workers to join
-crushed by the law in pullman strike
Term
carlisle indian school
Definition
-1879, carlisle,pennsylvania
-model for all indian reservation schools
-tried to assimilate 140 tribes into majority culture
-many students died and became sick from disease due to climate changes and anxiety
Term
sand creek massacre
Definition
-1864
-occured when 700 colorado militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly indians, killing 70-163 indians
-marked further tension with the indians
Term
treaty of medicine lodge
Definition
-1867
-treaties signed between US and plains indians tribes to relocate the tribes to reservations
-came after report found that congress was responsible for some indian wars
Term
bozeman trail
Definition
-route connecting montana to oregon trail(gold rush route)
-many travellers through the territory provoked indians and attacks
-army tried several times to gain control
Term
battle of little bighorn
Definition
-1876, montana territory
-indians were protesting the US treatment of natives
-US underestimated the number of indians
-custer marched in with 700 men, 268 deaths
-US expands army and believes indians to be dangerous
Term
ghost dance
Definition
-religious movement among indians
-spread through US and many tribes incorporated its ideas with their own beliefs
-believed in peaceful end to white expansion while preaching goals of clean living, honest life and cross-cultural cooperation by indians
-thought to have played key role in indian resistence
-believed ancestors would return as well as buffalo and other animals
Term
massacre at wounded knee
Definition
-troops went into pine ridge reservation to disarm lakota indians
-one idian put up a struggle and accidentally fired a bullet
-troops attacked and killed at least 150 indians
Term
US steel
Definition
-key industry
-every factory,bridge,building needs steel
-bessimer process:more steel more efficiently
-andrew carnegie:vertical integration
Term
new immigration
Definition
-E and S europe, asians, russians, italians,greeks,czechs
-seen as "very foreign"
-couldnt speak english
-americans concerned that they werent protestant
-not seen as being white
-americans thought traditions would be lost
-new immigrants fill factory systems
Term
comstock lode
Definition
-first major US discovery of silver
-viginia city, nevada 1859
-prospectors rush to area
-mining camps sprout up and becomes area of much wealth
-created new mining technologies and methods
-interest declined after 1874
Term
workingmen's party
Definition
-first labor union
-promoted free public education as way out of poverty
-wanted 10-11 hr work day
-promoted enlightenment of working class
-provided financial support for journeymen striking against masters
Term
great american desert
Definition
-describes area west of great plains and east of rockies
-symbol for unfertile, unprofitable land
-settlers passed quickly through
-last stronghold of indians
-RRs believed land to be valueless
-people eventually settled, finding aquifers and transforming much of it into farmable, tree-filled land
Term
chisholm trail
Definition
-cattle drive trail that went from the rio grande river to abilene, kansas where cattle were shipped
-challenges:terrain,weather,indian conflicts when drivers didnt pay toll
Term
free range
Definition
-way of letting animals owned roam freely
-difficult to tend to animals
Term
barbed wire
Definition
-ranchers could now confine animals
-could now become more commercialized and animals kept in better condition
Term
turner thesis
Definition
-frederick jackson turner 1893
-shows origin of distinctive features of frontier life
-stressed moving the frontier line and effects on pioneers
-"breaking bonds of customs, offering new experiences,and calling out institutions and activities.
-caused many to head west
Term
panic of 1873
Definition
-caused by international decline in silver, following germany's abandonment of silver in currency
-bank closures
-factories laid off workers
-construction halted,wages cut, real estate values fell
-cause of great railroad strike of 1877
Term
standard oil co
Definition
-founded by john d rockafeller
-was largest oil company in the world
-broken up by supreme court because it demonstrated a monopoly
Term
holding company
Definition
-holds other companies outstanding stock
-owns enough voting stock to exercise control over a company
Term
oligopoly
Definition
market form in which industry is dominated by a few sellers, decision of one firm affected by another
Term
social darwinsim
Definition
-competition in laissez faire capitalism
-forces that act similar to how they do in nature
-survival of fittest in market
Term
greenback labor party
Definition
-opposed shift from paper money back into coins because believed banks and corps would define prices of labor and products
-condemned use of militia in strikes
-believed gov money control would allow more currency to stay in circulation, helping farmers by price increase and easiness to reduce debt
Term
american federation of labor
Definition
-conservative, not overly powerful
-skilled workers
-samuel gompers
-wanted better working conditions
-no women, few blacks
-wanted to maximize power
-high dues, money for stikes
-concrete goals
-business unionism: regulated skilled workers in industry
Term
may day rally
Definition
-workers protested at a parade in Chicago, resulting in the death of one man
-led to haymarket affair
Term
great fire of 1871
Definition
-spread through and devastated chicago
-many died
-many left homeless
-city was rebuilt with skyscrapers
Term
bossism
Definition
-single powerful leader
-lesser organization of sjubjects
Term
tammany hall
Definition
-democratic political machine
-played major role in NYC politics and helped irish become prominenent in politics
-divided into wards(small political units) to gain public support
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