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Hinduism
Hinduism (Religions of India)
40
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
09/22/2014

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Cards

Term
Indus River Valley
(What are the Cities?)
Definition
Harappa
Mehrgarh
Mohenjo-Daro
Lothal
Term
Rigveda
Definition
Book of mantra
Indo-European language
Collection of songs/hymns
Term
Brahman
Definition
one supreme, universal spirit that is the origin and support of the phenomenal universe
Term
Brāhmans
Definition
member of the priestly varna (caste)
Term
Brahmā
Definition
God of creation
Term
What are the main religious texts of Vedic and classical Hinduism?
Definition
Rigveda mantras
Term
What are the three margas?
Definition
1. Karma Marga- path of action (ritual and moral)
2. Jnana Marga- path of knowledge (meditation)
3. Bhakti Marga- path of devotion (puja)
Term
What are the purusharthas?
Definition
Dharma- family/job obligation
Artha- material benefit—money, politics, etc.
Kama- sex and romance
Moksha- liberation of the spirit
Term
What are the four asramas?
Definition
1. Student- study with guru
2. house holder- marriage
3. hermit/forest dweller- pursuit of moksha
4. Sannyasa/renunciation- moksha is final goal
Term
Who are the major gods of classical Hinduism in their various forms? What do they represent?
Definition
Siva- lord of yoga and fertility
Shiva- lord of destruction
Sivaas nataraja- lord of the dance
Yoni- female counterpart of siva
Nandi- siva’s bull assistant
Ganesa- person with elephant head, Parvati’s (devi’s) child. Associated with siva
Lakshmi- goddess of fortune
Sita- goddess; represents benevolence, beauty, virtue
Sarasvati- goddess of learning, music, arts
Durga- warrior goddess
Kali- goddess of death
Term
What are the major festivals of Hinduism?
Definition
Divali (lakshmi’s festival)
Family holiday, exchange presents, like Christmas
Sivaratri (celebration of Siva)
Happens at night, roll up marijuana (bhang) and eat it
Takes place in Benares
Term
Aryans
Definition
Term
srauta rites
Definition
Term
karma
Definition
Term
atman
Definition
central self of a person
Term
moksha
Definition
“liberation of the spirit”
Term
What are the Eight Limbs of Yoga?
Definition
1. Yama- restraint
2. Niyama- celibacy
3. Asanas- postures
4. Pranayama- breathing
5. Pratyahara- withdrawal of senses
6. Dharana- attention
7. Dhyana- meditation
8. Samadhi- complete absorption
Term
Arjuna
Definition
Term
Avatar
Definition
Incarnation of a god/goddess
Term
deva/devi (give examples)
Definition
lakshmi
parvati
durga
kali
Term
rita
Definition
Concept from which dharma arises
Means “order”
Term
monism
Definition
belief that there are many manifestations of one godly being
Term
dharma
Definition
“aims of human life”
family/job obligation
Term
maya
Definition
an epiphany in order to achieve moksha
Term
puja
Definition
rituals performed as an offering to deities
Term
Lingham
Definition
Means sign
(Sign of potency, virility, and masculinity of Siva
Term
Mahatma (Mahandas) Ghandi
Definition
Term
samskaras
Definition
rites of passage
ex: upanayana
marriage
cremation
sraddhas
Term
Sankara and Vedanta
Definition
Indian guru who founded four Mathas to guide the Hindu religion
Term
Siva
Definition
lord of yoga and fertility
Term
Shiva
Definition
lord of destruction
Term
Sivaas nataraja
Definition
lord of the dance
Term
Yoni
Definition
female counterpart of Siva
Term
Nandi
Definition
Siva's bull assistant
Term
Ganesa
Definition
Person with elephant head, Parvati's (devi's) child. Associated with Siva
Term
Lakshmi
Definition
goddess of fortune
Term
Sita
Definition
goddess; represents benevolence, beauty and virtue
Term
Sarasvati
Definition
goddess of learning, music, arts
Term
Durga
Definition
warrior goddess
Term
Kali
Definition
goddess of death
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