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Herbal
Herbal Study guide
86
Pharmacology
Professional
05/11/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Garlic
Definition
-Antihyperlipidemic(↓ cholesterol)
-Antihypertensive
Term
Q-10
Definition
-CHF (congestion
Hear failure)
-Statin associated
muscle pain (data
don’t support this) -Age related
degeneration (skin
creams)
Term
Garlic
Definition
-Antiplatelet
blood thinner: asp (DC garlic 2
weeks before)
Hypoglycemics/Insulin
-May induce P450 3A4 (CCB,
chemo, antifungal, Losartan)
Term
Q-10
Definition
-Antioxydant
activity
(protection
against free
radicaux)
-Generation ofATP
Term
Q-10
Definition
-Very low
- Incrase liver
enzyme if > 300 mg
Term
Q-10
Definition
-Anticoagulant: ↓ warfain effect
- Protective effect: HMG-CoA
reductase and
RYR(Red Yeast
Rice)
Term
Q-10
Definition
-Ubiquinol
preferred
-Found in
livekidney,
liver,
pancreas and heart
Term
Fish Oil
Definition
-High Triglycerides
-Reduced risk of
death from heart
disease
-Rheumatoid arthritis -Others: cancer,
asthma, depression,
high blood pressure
Term
Fish Oil
Definition
-Inti-inflam
effects
-Blood thinner effects
-Vasodilation+ (↓ BP a liitle)
Term
Fish Oil
Definition
-Loose stools,
flatulence, belching -Nausea
Term
Red Yeast Rice
Definition
Contain
monacolins
(esp.
monacolin K)-Same MAO
as statin?
Term
Red Yeast Rice
Definition
-Abdominal
discomfort
-May ↑ LFTs (liver
fn test ) and CK
(creatine kinase) +++ -Contraindication:
Liver disfunctionn
and pregnancy +++
Term
Red Yeast Rice
Definition
-HMG-CoA
reductase
inhibitors
-P450 inhibitors(teheophylline,, cisapride,
ketoconazole,
itraconazole,
fluconazole)
↑RYR level
Term
Red Yeast Rice
Definition
Interact with Grape Fruit juice
Term
Polycosanol
Definition
Hypercholesterolemia
-Intermittent
Claudication (no datasupport)

-MAO: ↓ platelet
aggregation

-↑walking distance

-Improved lower
extremity coldness
and pain
Term
Polycosanol
Definition
-No effect on LFT
and no muscle effect
Term
Polycosanol
Definition
-Most
popular
cholesterol
lowering
internationally
Term
Plant Stanaols/Sterols
Definition
Sufficient amts will↓
cholesterol absorptio in gut
Term
Plant Sternol
Definition
Need 1500mg
to 3300mg to ↓ cholesterol
level
Term
Creatine
Definition
Lab test interaction:Elevated levels of
serum creatinine but
normal kidney
function
Term
Creatine
Definition
Contraindications -Diuretics
- Dehydration
- Impaired kidney
function
Term
Creatine
Definition
Interact with Ephedra and Caffeine
Term
Creatine
Definition
Interact wit Nephrotoxic drugs
(cyclosporine and NSAID?)
Term
DHEA
Definition
-Weight loss

-Increased strength,
energy, muscle mass

- Improve sexual
performance

-DHEA levels
decrease with age
– Peak at mid-20’
Term
DHEA
Definition
Contraindications:
-History of hormone sensitive (cancer?):
Breast, cervix,
endometrial, prostate
Term
DHEA
Definition
-Precursor for> 50
hormones
– Precursor for estrogen
and
testosterone
Term
Glucosamine Sulfate
Definition
-Used to treat
osteoarthritis

-Studies show
reduces pain and
improves
functionality in knee
Term
Glucosamine Sulfa
Definition
MOA
unknown other
than enhances
natural repair
process of
joints

-A.E. similar to
placebo

-Mild GI problem
-blood glucose lev(possible but
– Required for Unlikely)
synthesis of
tendons,
ligaments,
cartilage,
synovial fluid,
mucus
membranes
Term
Glucosamine Sulfa
Definition
-Increase blood
glucose level ( soavoid in diabetic patients)
Term
Glucosamine
Definition
Interact with -Antidiabetic
drugs . Monitor since conflicting
evidence
Warfarin ↑ risk of bleeding
-Caution in
patients with
shellfish allergy
Term
Chondroitin sulfate
Definition
-May help
cartilage from being broken down
- Inhibits leukocyte elastase
- Stimulates chondrocytes to produce
more cartilage
Term
Chondroitin sulfate
Definition
-Used in combination with other
supplements for osteoarthritis and
joint health
Term
Echinacea
Definition
-Immune stimulant to
-Stimulate reduce symptoms and immune
duration of colds and
URIs
-May provide benefit
if taken prophyli
response
- ↑activity olymphocyteneutrophilsatcfor colds –conflicti and natural evidence
-May ↓severity and
symptoms of URI if
used immedi and
continued for 7- 10 d
Prophylaxis – has
been used safely for
up to 16 wks
Term
Echinacea
Definition
Side effect are -usually well
tolerated
– Allergic reactions - esp. those allergic to
Plants
Term
Echinacea
Definition
↓ immunostimulation effects
if used > 8 w –recommend1 wk holiday
after 8 weeks treatment
Term
Echinacea
Definition
Stimule immune response, increase activity of lymphocyte and neutrophils and NKC
Term
Ginseng
Definition
-Used as an “Adaptogen”: general
tonic for well being
-↑ resistance to
biological, chemical,
and physical stress

-Improve general
vitality
• Mental and physical
capacity for work
-Available as as Asian, American and
Siberian
Term
Ephedra
Definition
-CNS
stimulant

Vasoconstriction

-Cardiac
stimulation

Sympathomimetic :
- ↑ in BP
–Mydriasis
– Bronchial
muscle
relaxation
Term
Ephedra
Definition
-Use for weight loss
-Enhance athletic performance

- Unsafe when used orally: HTN, MI,
Seizure, Stroke , Allcan occur with shortterm use in
lower dose
Term
Ephedra
Definition
-Dizziness

-Anxiety

-Insomnia

-HA

-BP

-Tachycardia

-Flushing

-Dry mouth

-Chest tightness
Term
Bitter Orange
Definition
-Used for weight loss

-Inhibits P450 3A4:( CCB,
antifungals,
antivirals, and many more)
↑level
Term
Bitter Orange
Definition
Interact with Coffee, caffeine, ephedra
Term
Bitter Orange
Definition
-Synephrine
related to ephedrine => May similar
cardiovascular effects as ephedrine
Term
Raspberryketones
Definition
Structure similar to synephrine
-May have stimulant effects
-May ↑ lipid metabolism
- May ↑ norepinephrine-induced lipolysis and thermogenesis
Term
Green CoffeeExtract
Definition
-Used for weight loss
- High blood pressure
- Type 2 diabetes
Term
Green Coffee Extract
Definition
Thought to effect glucose
metabolism and absorption
- May inhibit fat accumulation
- May have blood pressure lowering
effect.
Term
St. John’s Wort
Definition
-Depression
-Menopausalsymptoms
Term
St John's Wart
Definition
-Hypercin and Hyperforin
carry active ingredient
Term
St John's Wart
Definition
-Photosensitivity
-GI distress
-Dry mouth
-Dizziness/confusion -Delayed
hypersensitivity
Term
St John's wart
Definition
-Potent P450
inducer: 1A2,
2D6, 3A4
-5-HT 1 agonist,
antidepressant,
SSR: can ↑ ser
syndrome
-OC, amitrip,
Nortrip,
barbuturin,
cyclosporine,
narcotic,
nefazodone,
NNRTIs, proteas
inhib, Theophylin:↓ level
Term
St John's wart
Definition
-Narrow therap window drugs:
+Digoxin
+Phennytoin
+Warfarin
Term
St John's wart
Definition
Do not stop abruptly : widraw effect similar to antidepressant
-Medical referral before recommend this for depression
Term
Feverfew
Definition
HA and -Migraine prevention(not for migraine treatment ) -Have to wait 2
weeks (4 to 8 weeks) before see effect
Term
Fevervew
Definition
-Inhibit platelet aggregation- -inhibit Serotonin release
-Inhibit vascular muscle contraction -Contain Serotonin
Term
Feverfew
Definition
-GI: nausea, pain abdom pain,diarrhea -Mouth ulceration
(for the chew one) -Tongue irritation
(for the chew one)

(nervousness, tension
HA, insomnia, joint
pain/stiffness,
fatigue) => don’t stopabruptly
Term
Black Cohosh
Definition
-Alternative to HRT to manage menopausal sx
Term
Black Cohosh
Definition
Contain phytosterins
Term
Black Cohosh
Definition
-Upset stomach
-HA
-Weight gain
-Vaginal spotting or bleeding
Term
Black Cohosh
Definition
-HRT
-OC (oral contraception)
-Hepatotox +++ (monitor liver fn)
Term
Black Cohosh
Definition
-Don’t give to people with hormone sensitive cancer
-Will take 2-3 months ( 4 to 12 weeks ) to see the effect
Term
EPO: Evening Primrose Oil
Definition
-PMS
-Mastalgia
-Menopausal sx
Term
EPO: Evening Primrose Oil
Definition
-Platelet-active drug
Term
Cranberry (juice)
Definition
-Prevent UTIs
-Treat UTIs
-Urinary deodorizer(incontinence)
Term
Cranberry (juice)
Definition
-Does not have antibacterial
pp -Interfere with bacteria adhesion
-Limit bacteria ability to proliferate and to spread
Term
Cranberry (juice)
Definition
-Caution with diabetic pts
becoz of sugar content
Term
Probiotics
Definition
-Treatment of rotavirus, acute diarrhea -Treatment/
prevention of antibiotic associate diarrhea -Prevention of
traveler’s diarrhea-Reduced IBS
symptoms (Irrible balance Sx)
Term
Probiotics
Definition
Reestablish gut flora and prevent presence of harmul bact
-May stimulateimmune syst
Term
Probiotics
Definition
-Bacteria dose measured as CFUs (Colony Forming Units)
-Yeast dose measure in mg
Term
Align
Definition
-Promote healthy bowel
-Helpful in relieving Sx of IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)
Term
Florastor
Definition
-Prevention of : Antibiotic associated Sacchas boula diarrhea & traveler’s (yeast)diarrhea
-Treatment of: HIV-associated diarrhea & diarrhea in infant
Term
Florastor
Definition
-May cause flatulence
-Fungemia in severly compromised pts
-Not for children < 2 yrs old
Term
Florastor
Definition
-Antifungal agent(because it is yeast)
Term
Culturelle
Definition
-Improve digestion
-Improve overall
immune health
-Likely effective for retrovirus diarrhea and other acute diarrhea in infants
-May be effective for prevention of
antibiotic associated
diarrhea.
Term
VSL # 3
Definition
-Used for ulcerative colitis and IBS to ↓ abdominal pain and bloating
Term
Garlic, Red Yeast Rice, Polycosanol, Plant Stanaols/Sterol
Definition
These agents lower cholesterol
Term
DHEA:(Dehydroepiandrosterone),Ephedra,
Bitter Orange,Raspberry ketones, Used for weight loss
Definition
These agents are used for weight lost
Term
Fish oil,St. John’s Wort
Definition
These drugs are used for depression
Term
Garlic,Fish oil,Green Coffee Extract
Definition
These agents are used for hypertension:
Term
Garlic
Definition
These agent(s) is/are used to decrease cholesterol and hypertension:
Term
EPO: Evening Primrose Oil, Black Cohosh, St. John’sWort
Definition
These drugs assist in memopausal symptoms
Term
Ginseng, Ephedra
Definition
These herbal side effects are HA, Insomnia and Tachycardia
Term
Garlic, St John's Wort.
Definition
These herbals are P450 inducers:
Term
Bitter Orange,Red Yeast Rice
Definition
These drugs are P450 inhibitors
Term
Red Yeast Rice
Definition
This drug interact with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Term
Cranberry,EPO,Feverfew,Ginseng,
Chondroitin sulfate,Fish oil,Garlic, Q-10
Definition
This herbal supplement interact with anticoagulants
Term
Coenzyme-10 and Creatine
Definition
These agents generate ATP
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