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Heme Path Immunostains
To learn all those stupid CD markers!
47
Medical
Professional
03/03/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
ALK
Definition

ALK - tyrosine kinase receptor

 

Fusion protein expressed only by lymphomatous cells

 

Stains ALCL and rare subsets of DLBCL.  Hodgkin's lymphoma is negative.

Term
bcl-2
Definition

bcl-2

 

Inhibits apoptosis, and normally turns off in a germinal center (membranous and cytoplasmic stain).

 

To differentiate follicular lymphoma (positive) from reactive follicles (negative).  Also stains mantle cell lymphoma.  Burkitt's lymphoma should be negative.

Term
bcl-6
Definition

bcl-6

 

Present on germinal center cells including follicular center B cells, follicular center T-helper cells. (cytoplasmic).

 

To identify lymphomas of follicular origin (FCC, Burkitt's lymphoma).  Also stains angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Term
CD1a
Definition

CD1a

 

Thymocytes (immature T cells) and Langerhans cells (membranous)

 

To identify Langerhans cell proliferations, (T-LBL).

Term
CDs 3,4,5,7,8
Definition

CDs 3, 4, 5, 7, 8

 

T cells.

 

To identify T-cell lymphomas and leukemias; CD4 is also dimly positive in monocytic/histocytic lesions.

Term
CD10 (CALLA)
Definition

CD10 - CALLA

 

A zinc metalloproteinase normally expressed by precursor B and T helper cells in follicular centers, granulocytes (membranous).

 

Stains follicular lymphoma, B-ALL, LBL (lymphoblastic lymphomas), Burkitt's lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma, and CML; MALTomas are negative.

 

CD10 positivity indicates follicular center origin.

Term
CD20/L26
Definition

CD20

 

Calcium channel normally expressed by B cells (cytoplasmic and membranous). Doesn't stain plasma cells.

 

Used as a pan-B-cell marker; stains B-cell lymphomas, but plasmacytomas are negative.

 

Also stains L&H cells in NLPHL.  Stains RS in 20% of classical Hodgkins

Term
CD15 (LeuM1)
Definition

CD15 (Lewisx trisaccharide)

 

Granulocytes and macrophages (membranous and dot-like perinuclear).

 

To identify Reed Sternberg cells (classic Hodgkins), some large T-cell lymphomas, and mycosis fungoides.

Term
CD23
Definition

CD23 - low affinity receptor for IgE Fc on the surface of B cells.  Upregulated by EBV infection.

 

 

Activated mature B cells, IgE receptor (membranous).

 

Stains SLL/CLL; mantle cell lymphomas are negative.

Term
CD30
Definition

CD30 - TNF-like receptor

 

Present on activated B and T cells, immunoblasts, NK cells, and monocytes.  (cytoplasmic, membranous).

 

To identify Reed Sternberg cells, ALCL, large B and T cell lymphomas.

Term
CD34
Definition

CD34

 

Pluripotent hematopoietic stems cells and progenitor cells of many lineages.  Hematolymphoid blasts, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (cytoplasmic and membranous). 

 

To identify blasts in the marrow in acute leukemias; also many soft tissue tumors.

Term
CD45 - Common Leukocyte Antigen
Definition

CD45 - Common Leukocyte Antigen.  It is a tyrosine phosphatase.

 

Lymphocytes, granulocytes, histiocytes, but not plasma cells (cytoplasmic, membranous).

 

To identify poorly differentiated neoplasms as of hematopoietic origin. 

 

RS cells and plasma cell neoplasms are negative for CD45.  Occasionally lymphoblastic and anaplastic large cell lymphomas are unreactive.

Term
CD56
Definition

CD56 - NCAM-like adhesion.

 

Present on Natural killer cells (membranous).

 

 

Stains natural killer/T-cell lymphomas.

Term
CD68
Definition

CD68

 

Histiocytes/macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes, others (cytoplasmic, membranous).

 

To identify histiocytic origin; also stains soft tissue tumors.

Term
CD79a
Definition

CD79a - part of the BCR complex.

 

B cells and plasma cells (membranous).

 

To identify B-cell neoplasms negative for other B-cell markers. Stains B-ALL, B lymphomas, and myelomas.

Term
CD138/syndecan 1
Definition

CD138 - heparin sulphate proteoglycan

 

Plasma cells (membranous), epithelial cells.

 

To identify plasma cell neoplasms.  Only stains abnormal B cells that have plasmocytic differentiation.

Term
Cyclin D1
Definition

Cyclin D1 - G1/S cell cycle transition protein

 

Nuclear stain in mantle cell lymphoma.  Also stains endothelial cells and histiocytes.

 

To identify mantle cell lymphoma.

Term
EBV EBER
Definition

EBV RNA in infected B cells (nuclear).

 

To identify EBV related tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, posttransplantation/AIDS lymphomas; also mononucleosis.

Term
FVIII/vWF
Definition

FVIII/vWF

 

Stains megakaryocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells (cytoplasmic).

 

To identify megakaryocytic leukemias.

Term
Hemoglobin
Definition

Hemoglobin in erythroid cells (cytoplasmic).

 

To identify erythroid leukemias (rare).

Term
Kappa and lambda
Definition

Kappa and lambda

 

Light chain of immunoglobulins in plasma cells and B cells (cytoplasmic).

 

Restricted kappa or lambda staining indicates a monoclonal population of B or plasma cells.

Term
Ki67
Definition

Ki67

 

Any proliferating cell (nuclear).

 

To gauge mitotic activity and identify Burkitt's lymphoma (100% positivity).

Term
MPO
Definition

MPO

 

Enyzyme granules in myeloid-lineage cells (cytoplasmic).

 

To identify AML and myeloid sarcoma (chloroma).

Term
TdT
Definition

TdT - antigen receptor gene modification.

 

Immature T and B lymphocytes (nuclear).

 

To identify LBL and ALL.

Term
CD19
Definition

CD19

 

Associated with the BCR complex and normally expressed by Pre-B cells and mature B cells, but not plasma cells. 

 

Stains B cell lymphoma; B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.

 

Repeat normal plasma cells are negative, but myeloma can abberantly express CD19.

 

Term
CD21
Definition

CD21

 

EBV receptor; mature B cells and follicular dendritic cells.

Term
CD11c
Definition

CD11c

 

Granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages; also expressed by hairy cell leukemias.

Term
CD13
Definition

CD13

 

Immature and mature monocytes and granulocytes.

Term
CD14
Definition

CD14

 

Monocytes

Term
CD33
Definition

CD33

 

Myeloid progenitors and monocytes.

Term
CD64
Definition

CD64

 

Mature myeloid cells.

Term
CD3
Definition

CD3

 

Part of the TCR complex; present on normal T cells.

 

Stains T cell lymphoma. 

Term
CD4
Definition

CD4

 

MHC class II co-receptor present on helper T cells and monocytes.

 

Stains T cell lymphoma. 

 

MHC x CD# = 8

Term
CD5
Definition

CD5

 

Normally expressed on T cells and a subset of B cells.

 

Stains B-CLL/SLL and mantle cell lymphoma. 

Term
CD7
Definition

CD7

 

Normally expressed on marrow stem cells; thymocytes; T cells.

 

Stains T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma; often absent in T cell lymphoma. 

Term
CD8
Definition

CD8

 

MHC class I co-receptor normally expressed on cytotoxic T cells and NK cells.

 

Stains T/NK lymphoma. 

Term
PAX5
Definition

PAX5 - B cell specific activator protein.

 

Present on B cells except plasma cells.

 

Stains B cell neoplasms including B-ALL.  Also stains L&H cells in NLPHL; Reed-Sternberg cells in classical Hodgkins stains moderate to weak.

Term
CD22
Definition

CD22

 

Sialoconjugate receptor on B cells.

 

 

Stains B cell lymphoma.

Term
CD25
Definition

CD25

 

IL-2 receptor alpha chain.

 

Present on activated T and B cells.  Also on monocytes.

 

 

Stains anaplastic large cell leukemia/lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia.

Term
CD38
Definition

CD38 - NAD glycohydrolase.

 

Present on B cells, activated T cells, and plasma cells.

 

 

Stains plasma cell myeloma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.

Term
CD43
Definition

CD43 - leukosialin

 

Present on all lymphocytes other than resting B cells.

 

 

Stains B-CLL/SLL, mantle cell lymphoma, and MALT lymphoma.

Term
CD57
Definition

CD57

 

Present on NK cells, monocytes, and subsets of B and T cells.

 

 

Stains T/NK cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Term
CD103
Definition

CD103 - integrin

 

Present on a lymphocyte subset.

 

Stains hairy cell leukemia.

Term
OCT-2
Definition

OCT-2

 

 

Term
BOB.1
Definition

BOB.1

 

Present on B cells and plasma cells.

 

Stains B-cell neoplasms, including plasma cell and plasmablastic neoplasms.

 

Some T-cell lymphomas can be BOB.1 positive. 

Term
MUM1/IRF4
Definition

MUM1/IRF4

 

Present on plasma cells and plasma blasts.  Also present on a subpopulation bcl6 follicular center B cells and a small percentage of activated T cells.

 

Stains plasma cell and plasma blastic neoplasms; lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma; diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (75%); other B and T-cell lymphomas (variable).

Term
CD163
Definition

CD163

 

Scavenger receptor for hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex.  Haptoglobin binds free hemoglobin and is cleared by CD163 on reticuloendothelial cells to prevent damage to renal tubules.

 

CD163 is only present on monocyte/macrophage lineage.

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