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hematologic disorders
hematologic disorders
39
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
10/25/2012

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Term
which wbc is essential in preventing or limiting bacterial infection via phagocytosis
Definition
neutrophil
Term
which wbc enters tissue as a macrophage; is highly phagocytic; immune surveillance
Definition
monocyte
Term
which wbc is involved in allergic reactions
Definition
eosinophil
Term
which wbc contains histamine; hypersensitivity reactions
Definition
basophil
Term
this lymphocyte is responsible for cell mediated immunity (surveillance system)
Definition
T lymphocyte
Term
this lymphocyte is responsible for humoral immunity
Definition
B lymphocyte
Term
This is the most mature form of B lymphocyte; secretes immunoglobulin
Definition
plasma cell
Term
This type of cell carries hemoglobin to provide oxygen to tissues and has an average lifespan of 120 days
Definition
RBC
Term
This type of cell provides basis for coagulation to occur; maintains hemostasis; average lifespan is 10 days
Definition
platelet (thrombocyte)
Term
iron deficiency in an adult is usually indicative of what
Definition
blood loss
Term
what is the normal total leukocyte count
Definition
4,000 to 11,000 cells/mm^3
Term
what is the major function of neutrophils
Definition
phagocytosis
Term
what protein in the plasma, produced by the liver, is important for the maintainance of fluid balance within the vascular system and has the capacity to bind to several substances that are transported in plasma (medications, bilirubin, some hormones)
Definition
albumin
Term
what is included in a cbc
Definition
the total number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and rbc indices
Term
where is bone marrow usually aspirated from in adults
Definition
iliac crest and occasionally the sternum
Term
what are the three types of anemia
Definition

hypoproliferative (defective rbc production),

bleeding

hemolytic (rbc destruction)

Term
what are clinical manifestations of anemia
Definition
dyspnea, chest pain, muscle pain or cramping, tachycardia, increased cardiac output, weakness, fatigue, general malaise, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, jaundice, angular cheilosis, craving ice, starch, or dirt (pica), and brittle nails
Term
what is the most common hematologic condition affecting elderly patients
Definition
anemia
Term
which hereditary anemia causes the hemoglobin molecule to be defective
Definition
sickle cell anemia
Term
what are symptoms of sickle cell anemia
Definition
hemoglobin levels of 7 - 10, jaundice, expanded bone marrow, enlargement of the bones of the face and skull, tachycardia, cardiac murmurs, dysrythmia, enlarged heart (cardiomegaly), and heart failure
Term
what are treatments for sickle cell anemia
Definition
peripheral blood stem cell transplant, hydrea (chemotherapy agent), arginine ( antisickling properties), rbc transfusions, supportive therapy
Term
what are nursing interventions for patients with anemia
Definition
manage fatigue, maintain adequate nutrition, maintain adequate perfusion, promote compliance with prescribed therapy, monitor and manage potential complications
Term
iron deficiency anemia
Definition
the intake of dietary iron is inadequate for hemoglobin synthesis; the most common type of anemia in all age groups
Term
anemias in renal disease
Definition
caused by end stage renal disease, occurs when the serum creatinine level exceeds 3mg/100 mL
Term
anemia of chronic disease
Definition
anemia caused by chronic diseases of inflammation, infection, and malignancy
Term
megaloblastic anemia
Definition
caused by deficiencies of vitamin B12 or folic acid
Term
thalassemia
Definition
hereditary anemia characterized by abnormal decrease in the hemoglobin content of rbcs, extreme smaller than normal rbcs, destruction of blood elements, and variable degrees of anemia
Term
immune hemolytic anemia
Definition
results from exposure of the erythrocyte to antibodies (the immunization of an Rh negative person with Rh positive blood)
Term
-emia
Definition
disease of the blood
Term
penia
Definition
lack, deficiency
Term
neutropenia
Definition
results from a decreased production of neutrophils or increased destruction of these cells
Term
causes of neutropenia
Definition
aplastic anemia, metastatic cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, chemo, radiation, megaloblastic anemia, hypersplenism, medication induced, immunologic disorders, viral disease, bacterial infections
Term
what is the common feature of leukemias
Definition
unregulated proliferation of leukocytes in the bone marrow
Term
which leukemia is common in children with high complete remission rates
Definition
acute lymphocytic leukemia
Term
-philia
Definition
having a tendency toward; strong attraction to
Term
medical treatment of thrombotic disorders
Definition
anticoagulation therapy ( heparin, warfarin(coumadin))
Term
what diseases can be transmitted by blood transfusion
Definition
hepatitis b and c, aids, cytomegalovirus, graft versus host disease, creutzfeldt jakob disease (rare, fatal, irreversible brain damage)
Term
what are complications of a blood transfusion
Definition
febrile nonhemolytic reaction (fever and chills, not life threatening), acute hemolytic reaction (symptoms appear in as little as 10 mL of transfusion, caused by mislabeling blood, potentially life threatening), allergic reaction (hives or pruritis), circulatory overload (blood infused too quickly), bacterial contamination, transfusion related acute lung injury, delayed hemolytic reaction, disease acquisition, complications of long term transfusion therapy
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