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Health Assessment Week 5
Respiratory System
47
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
02/22/2013

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Cards

Term
Which side of the lungs has 3 lobes?
Definition
Right
Term
What is the leading cause of preventable death?
Definition
Smoking
Term
What are two reference lines you would use on the anterior thorax?
Definition
Midsternal line (MSL)
Midclavicular line (MCL)
Term
What are two reference lines you would use on the posterior thorax?
Definition
Vertebral line
Midscapular line
Term
What are the two reference lines you would use on the lateral thorax?
Definition
Anterior axillary line (AAL)
Midaxillary line (MAL)
Posterior axillary line (PAL)
Term
What anterior rib do the lower lungs rest near?
Definition
6th rib
Term
Inspiration is primarily facilitated by which muscles?
Definition
Diaphragm and intercostal
Term
Orthopnea
Definition
difficulty breathing while recumbent
Term
Hemoptysis
Definition
bloody sputum
Term
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Definition
difficulty breathing that awakens patient
Term
What should you ask about during the respiratory history?
Definition
Vaccinations
Environmental Factors
Exposure History: inhalants, carcinogens
Past respiratory illnesses
Term
What should you ask children during a respiratory history?
Definition
History of prematurity
History of vent support
Recurrent hospitalizations for pulmonary infection
Term
What should you ask about during family history?
Definition
TB
Allergies
Asthma
Genetic disorders: cystic fibrosis
Term
Tripoding
Definition
Use of accessory respiratory muscles
Term
What does it mean when fremitus is decreased during palpation?
Definition
When anything obstructs transmission of vibrations (e.g. obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or emphysema)
Term
What does it mean when fremitus is increased during palpation?
Definition
Occurs with compression or consolidation of lung tissure (e.g. lobar pneumonia, tumor, Atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis)
Term
Name the different types of percussion notes.
Definition
Resonance: over normal lung
Hyperresonance: over hyperinflated lung
Flatness/Dullness: over dense tissue or bone
Tympany: thing "tight drum"
Term
Bronchophony
Definition
Sounds are louder and clearer over airless tissue (pleural effusions, thickening, areas of consolidation)
Term
Egophony
Definition
"ee" changes to "aa" over areas of consolidation
Term
Whispered pectoriloquy
Definition
Whispered words sound clearer over areas of consolidation
Term
Crackles (rales)
Definition
fluid in small area
Term
Wheezes
Definition
lunges are clamping down
Term
Rhonchi
Definition
gook in big airways; like snoring or clearing mucous
Term
Pleural friction rub
Definition
low grating noise in peripheral and lateral chest; cough does not clear, noticed on inspiration/expiration; Plurisy
Term
A patient coughing at night signifies what respiratory disease?
Definition
asthma
Term
What does coughing up "grayish-black" mucous signify?
Definition
Smoker
Term
Frank blood
Definition
bright red blood
Term
What coud cause hoarseness?
Definition
Nodules on vocal cords
Term
What are some symptoms of TB?
Definition
Weight loss, night sweats, bloody sputum
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
Collapsed alveoli that open back up after person has been shallow breathing and then takes a deep breath
Term
What would breath and voice sounds sound like when listening to an airless lung (ex: lobar pneumonia)?
Definition
-Spoken words would sound louder and clearer
-Spoken "ee" would change to "aa"
-whispered words would be louder and clearer
Term
Stridor
Definition
High-pitched harsh sound that is entirely or predominately inspiratory
Term
What are the anatomical landmarks for the lungs on the anterior chest?
Definition
-Lung apices (apex) is 3-4cm about clavicle
-Lower lungs rest on diaphragm at 6th rib, midclavicular line
Term
What are the anatomical landmarks for the lungs on the posterior chest?
Definition
-Apices near C7
-Lower lungs near T10
-Trachea bifurcates at T4
Term
How would you evaluate respiratory excursion?
Definition
-place hands on each side near 10th rib
-have pt. take deep breath
-measure distance between thumbs and expiration
Term
List the percussion note, adventitious sounds and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in early left sided HF.
Definition
1. Resonant
2. Late inspiratory crackles in dependent portion of lungs, possibly wheezes
3. Normal
Term
List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in consolidation.
Definition
1. Dull over the airless area
2. Late inspiratory crackles over involved area
3. Increased over area with bronchophony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy
Term
List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds for atelectasis (Lobar obstruction).
Definition
1. Dull over airless area
2. None
3. Usually absent when bronchial plug persists
Term
List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in pleural effusion.
Definition
1. Dull to flat over fluid
2. None, except possible pleural rub
3. Decreased to absent, but may be increased toward top of effusion
Term
List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in pneumothorax.
Definition
1. Hyperresonant or tympanic over pleural air
2. None except possible pleural rub
3. Decreased to absent over pleural air
Term
List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in COPD.
Definition
1. Diffusely hyperresonant
2. None, or crackles, wheezes, and rhonchi of associated chronic bronchitis
3. Decreased
Term
List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in asthma.
Definition
1. Resonant to diffusely hyperresonant
2. Wheezes, possibly crackles
3. Decreased
Term
Consolidation
Definition
Alveoli fill with fluid or blood cells, as in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary hemorrhage
Term
Pleural effusion
Definition
Fluid accumulates in the pleural space and separates air-filled lung from the chest wall, blocking the transmission of sound
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
When air leaks into the pleural space, usually unilaterally, the lung recoils from the chest wall. Pleural air blocks transmission of sound
Term
COPD
Definition
Slowly progressive disorder in which the distal air spaces enlarge and lungs become hyperinflated. Chronic bronchitis also associated
Term
Asthma
Definition
Widespread narrowing of the tracheobronchial tree diminishes air flow to a fluctuating degree. During attacks, air flow decreases further, and lungs hyperinflate
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