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Health Assessment Test # 1
Jarvis's Health Assessment chapters 1--5,8-11,and18
133
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
12/09/2010

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Term
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
A federal law that mandates that when people with limited english proficiency (LEP) seek health care in health care settings services cannot be denied to them
Term
about age 7
Definition
At what age should the interviewer begin questioning a child about his or her symptoms?
Term
Resonance
Definition

This percussion note has a low pitch

-med/loud amplitude

-clear, hollow quality

-moderate duration

-over normal lung tissue

Term
hyperresonance
Definition

this percussion note has a lower pitch

-louder amplitude

-booming quality

-longer duration

-normal over a child's lung

-indicates problems such as emphysema in adults

Term
tympany
Definition

this percussion note has a high pitch

-loud amplitude

-drumlike quality

-longest sustained duration

-occurs occurs over air-filled viscus

Term
dull
Definition

this percussion note has a high pitch

-soft amplitude

-muffled thud quality

-short duration

-occurs over a relatively dense organ

Term
flat
Definition

this percussion note has a high pitch

-very soft amplitude

-dead stop of sound quality

-very short duration

-occurs where no air is present

Term
diaphragm
Definition
the _______ end of the stethoscope is used for breath, bowel, and normal heart sounds
Term
20%
Definition
Obesity is > _____% of ideal body weight
Term
<18.5 %
Definition
What is the BMI for an under weight person
Term
18.5-24.9
Definition
What is the BMI for a normal weight person?
Term
25.0-29.9
Definition
What is the BMI for an overweight person?
Term
1.0; .8
Definition
A waist-to-hip ration of  ____  or greater in men or _____ or greater in women is indicative of android obesity
Term
Orthostatic hypotension
Definition
a drop in systolic pressure of more than 20mm Hg, or orthostatic pulse increases of 20 bpm or more, occurs with a quick change to a standing position. These changes are due to abrupt peripheral vasodilation without a compensatory increase in cardiac output.
Term
coarctation of the aorta
Definition
with this disorder blood pressure is lower in the thigh than in the arm.
Term
120-139/80-89
Definition
what are the blood pressure ranges for prehypertension?
Term
140-159/90-99
Definition
what are the ranges for stage 1 hypertension?
Term
>160/>100
Definition
what are the blood pressure ranges for stage 2 hypertension?
Term
waist circumference/hip circumference
Definition
What is the formula for waist to hip ratio?
Term
sinus arrhythmia
Definition
with this, the heart rate varies with the respiratory cycle, speeding up at the peak of inspiration and slowing to normal with expiration.
Term
arterial obstruction on the side with the lower reading
Definition
What may a blood pressure difference of more than 10-15mmHg in the two arms indicate?
Term
hypertension caused by a noncompliant arterial system
Definition
what is an auscultatory gap usually caused by?
Term
crepitation
Definition
an audible and and palpable crunching that accompanies movement
Term
[(usual wt-current weight)/usual weight]x100
Definition
what is the formula for percentage weight loss?
Term
cachectic
Definition
this term is used to describe fat an muscle wasting
Term
anthropometry
Definition
the measurement and evaluation of growth, development, and body composition
Term
200/239 mg/dl
Definition
Serum cholesterol levels of ___-___ are associated with moderate risk
Term
240 mg/dl
Definition
Serum cholesterol levels of ___ or more are associated with high risk
Term
120-200mg/dl
Definition
what are normal cholesterol levels?
Term
10-100 mg/dl
Definition
normal triglycerides ages 0-19 are 
Term
40-200 mg/dl
Definition
normal triglycerides ages 20-65 are 
Term
250-500mg/dl
Definition
what is the range for borderline triglycerides?
Term
more than 500 mg/dl
Definition
what is considered high triglycerides?
Term
1800-3000 cells/mm3
Definition
What is the normal total lymphocyte count for all age groups?
Term
serum albumin
Definition
this protein is not an early indicator of protein malnutrition because of its long half life
Term
serum transferrin
Definition
this iron transport protein is a better indicator of visceral protein status and can be measured directly or indirectly by measuring total iron-binding capacity.
Term
170 to 250 mg/dl
Definition
what are the normal values for serum transferrin?
Term
Prealbumin
Definition
this serves as a transport protein for T4 and retinol-binding protein. They are elevated in renal disease and reduced by surgery, trauma, burns, and infection.
Term
15-25 mg/dL
Definition
What is the normal range for prealbumin levels?
Term
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Definition
this plasma protein is a marker of inflammatory status produced by the live, is used to monitor metabolic stress, and is not detectable in the blood of healthy individuals.
Term
Marasums
Definition
this is due to inadequate intake of protein and calories or prolonged starvation- weight loss and subcutaneous fat and muscle wasting 
Term
Kwashiorkor
Definition
this is due to diets that may be high in calories but that contain little or no protein, this person will typically have a well nourished or edematous appearance
Term
Marasmus/kwashiorkor mix
Definition

this is due to prolonged inadequate intake of protein and calories. 

-muscle and visceral protein wasting along with immune incompetence.

-most closely associated with the highest risk of mortality

Term
Pellagra
Definition
pigmented keratotic scaling lesions resulting from a deficiency of niacin. Especially prominent in areas exposed to the sun.
Term
follicular hyperkeratosis
Definition
Dry, bumpy skin associated with vitamin a or linoleic acid deficiency
Term
scorbutic gums
Definition
Deficiency of vitamin c. gums are swollen, ulcerated, and bleeding.
Term
bitot's spots
Definition
foamy plaques of the cornea that are a sign of vitamin a deficiency.
Term
pseudofolliculitis
Definition
"razor bumps"caused by shaving too closely
Term
melasma
Definition
The "mask of pregnancy"
Term
xerosis
Definition
this word describes dry skin
Term
seborrhea
Definition
this word describes oily skin
Term
alopecia
Definition
a significant hair loss
Term
hirsutism
Definition
shaggy or excessive hair
Term
vitiligo
Definition
the complete absence of of melanin pigment in match areas of white or light skin
Term
ephelides
Definition
what is the medical term for freckles?
Term
nevus
Definition
what is the medical term for a mole?
Term
"spoon" nails
Definition
what may the nails of a person with a chronic iron deficiency look like?
Term
cherry angiomas
Definition
small (1-5mm) smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that commonly appear on the trunk of adults over 30 years old.
Term
primary
Definition
When a lesion develops on previously unaltered skin it is ________
Term
secondary
Definition
When a lesion changes over time or changes because of a factor such as scratching or infection it is _________
Term
congenital chronic cyanotic heart disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis
Definition
what is clubbing of the nails associated with?
Term
cardiovascular or respiratory disfunction
Definition
what should you consider if capillary refill takes more than 3 seconds?
Term
mongolian spot
Definition
this is a blue-black/purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks of an infant, but sometimes it occurs on the abdomen, thighs, shoulders, or arms.
Term
cafe au lait spot
Definition
this is a large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation that is usually present at birth
Term
harlequin color change
Definition
this occurs when a baby is in a side-lying position and the upper half of the body blanches and the lower half turns red.
Term
erythemia toxicum
Definition
a common rash that appears in the first 3-4 days of life. It consists of tiny, punctate, red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest back, and buttocks. no treatment is needed.
Term
acrocyanosis
Definition
this common newborn condition is a bluish color around the lips, hands, fingernails, feet, and toenails. 
Term
cutis marmorata
Definition
a transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to coooler room temperatures. It may be more persistent or pronounced in infants that have down's syndrome or are premature
Term
physiological jaundice
Definition
common in about 1/2 of all newborns. A yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life because of the increased number of red blood cells the hemolyze after birth.
Term
carotenemia
Definition
This causes a yellow-orange tint in light-skinned people but no yellowing of mucous membranes.
Term
milia
Definition
in infants, _______ are tiny white papules on the cheeks, forehead, and across the nose and chin caused by sebum that occludes the opening of the follicles
Term
storkbite
Definition
a flat, irregularly shaped red or pink patch found on the forehead, eyelid, or upper lip but most commonly at the back of the neck in newborns. fades during the first year.
Term
cholasma
Definition
an irregular brown patch of hyperpigmation on the face. It may occur during pregnancy or from the pill
Term
senile lentigines
Definition
these are commonly called liver spots
Term
seborrheic keratosis
Definition
these look dark, greasy, and stuck on but do not become cancerous
Term
acrochordons
Definition
"skin tags" which are overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk and are polyplike
Term
sebaceous hyperplasia
Definition
raised yellow papules with a central depression
Term
annular
Definition
these lesions are circular, begin in center and spread to periphery ex: ringworm
Term
confluenet
Definition
lesions that run together ex: hives
Term
discrete
Definition

distinct, individual lesions that remain separate

ex: molluscum

Term
grouped
Definition
these are clusters of lesions ex: vesicles of contact dermatitis
Term
gyrate
Definition
these lesions are twisted, coiled, spiral, and snakelike
Term
target
Definition
these lesions resemble the iris of the eye, concentric rings of color in the lesions (ex, erythema multiforme)
Term
linear
Definition
this lesion is a scratch, streak, line, or stripe
Term
polycyclic
Definition
these are annular lesions that grow together
Term
zosteriform
Definition
these lesions are a linear arrangement along a nerve route ex: herpes zoster
Term
macule
Definition
this is solely a color change ex: freckles, hyperpigmentation
Term
papule
Definition
this is something you can feel, like an elevated nevus
Term
plaques
Definition
when papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1cm they are called 
Term
nodule
Definition
This is solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. it may extend deeper into the dermis than a papule
Term
wheal
Definition
superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape due to edema. ex: mosquito bite
Term
vesicle
Definition
elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1cm. Ex: chickenpox
Term
erosion
Definition
scooped out shallow depression. superficial, does not scar
Term
ulcer
Definition
deeper depression extending into dermis. irregular shape, leaves scar
Term
excoriation
Definition
self-inflicted scratches from intense itching
Term
venous lake
Definition
A blue-purple dilation of venules and capillaries in a star-shaped linear or flaring pattern
Term
Petechiae
Definition
tiny punctuate hemmorhages 1-3 mm, round and discrete, dark red, purple, or brown in color. caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries; will not blanch.
Term
primary contact dermitis
Definition
local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the environment or an allergy. characteristic location of the lesion often gives clue.
Term
Epidemic Kaposi's Sarcoma
Definition
 what are the skin lesions associated withs AIDS?
Term
orthopnea
Definition
difficulty breathing when supine
Term
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Definition
awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to be upright to achieve comfort
Term
4-6
Definition
how many upper respiratory infections are common per year in early childhood?
Term
marked atelectasis, pneumonia, throacic trauma, pneumothorax
Definition
What conditions may cause an unequal chest expansion?
Term
between the scapulae and around the sternum
Definition
normally, where is fremitus the most prominent?
Term
decreased fremitus
Definition
________ occurs when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations ex: obstructed bronchus, pleural effusions or thickening, pneumothorax, or emphsyema
Term
increased fremitus
Definition
________ occurs with compression or consolidation of lung tissue ex:lobar pneumonia
Term
rhonchal fremitus
Definition
vibration is felt when inhaled air passes through thick secretions in the larger bronchi. This may decrease somewhat by coughing
Term
Pleural Friction Fremitus
Definition
produced when inflammation of the parietal or visceral pleura causes a decrease in the normal lubricating fluid. It may be palpable and feels like two piece of leather rubbing together.
Term
atelectatic crackles
Definition
these are not pathologic. They are short, popping crackling sounds that sound like fine crackles but do not last beyond a few breaths
Term
Pectus Excavatum
Definition
A markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages. Congenital, not usually symptomatic
Term
Pectus Carinatum
Definition
A forward protrusion of the sternum, with ribs sloping back at either side and vertical depressions along costochondral junctions. usually does not require treatment
Term
tachypnea
Definition
rapid, shallow breathing. Increased rate >24 per minute. Normal response to fever, fear, or exercise.
Term
hyperventilation
Definition
increase in both rate and depth of breathing
Term
Bradypnea
Definition
a slow regular rate of breathing <10 per minute. happens in drug-induced depression of the respiratory center in the medulla
Term
hypoventilation
Definition
An irregular shallow breathing pattern caused by an overdose of narcotics or anesthetics.
Term
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Definition
a cycle in which respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular patter, increasing in rate and depth and then decreasing
Term
Chronic Obstructive Breathing
Definition
A person with this sort of breathing may have a dyspneic episode in any situation calling for increased heart rate. 
Term
Normal Lung
Definition
When Auscultating this type of lung, you will herea vesicular sounds over the peripheral fields. Bronchvesicular sounds parasternally (anterior) and between scapulae (posterior). Infant and young child-bronchovesicular throughout. There will be no adventitious sounds.
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
In this lung condition auscultation will reveal breath sounds decreased vesicular or absent over area. Voice sounds will be variable, usually decreased or absent over affected area. There will usually be no adventitious sounds, but maybe occasional fine crackles.
Term
Lobar Pneumonia
Definition
In this respiratory condition Auscultation-Breath sounds louder with patent bronchus as if coming from the larynx. Voice sounds have increased clarity, bronchophony, egophony, whispered pectoriloquy present. In children, dimished breath sounds may occur. Adventitious sounds will be crackles, fine to medium.
Term
Bronchitis
Definition
In this respiratory condition, Auscultation will be normal vesicular. Voice sounds will be normal, and there will be a chronic- prolonged expiration. Adventitious sounds will be crackles over deflated areas and possibly wheeze.
Term
Emphysema
Definition
In this condition Auscultation will have decreased breath sounds. May have prolonged expiration. Muffled heart sounds resulting from over distention of lungs. Adventitious sounds: Usually, there will be none, occasionally there will be wheeze.  
Term
Asthma
Definition
In this respiratory condition Auscultation: diminished air movement. Breath sounds decreased, with prolonged expiration. Voice sounds decreased. Adventitious Sounds: bilateral wheezing on expiration, sometimes inspiratory and expiratory wheezing.
Term
Pleural Effusion (Fluid) or Thickening
Definition
In this respiratory condition, Auscultation: Breath sounds decreased or absent. Voice sounds decreased or absent. When remainder of lung is compressed near the effusion, may have bronchial breath sounds over the compression along with bronchophony, egophony, whispered pectoriloquy. There will be no adventitious sounds.
Term
Heart Failure
Definition
In this condition, Auscultation will be normal vesicular. Heart sounds include S3 gallop. Adventitious Sounds will be crackles at lung bases.
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
in this respiratory condition Auscultation: Breath sounds will be decreased or absent. Voice sounds will also be decreased or absent. Adventitious Sounds: none
Term
Pneumocystis jiroveci (AIDS Pneumonia)
Definition
In this respiratory condition, breath sounds may be diminished. Crackles may be present bu often are absent.
Term
TB
Definition
In this respiratory condition, there will be normal or decreased vesicular breath sounds. Crackles over upper lobes common, persist following full expiration and cough.
Term
Pulmonary Embolism
Definition
In this respiratory condition, there will be tachycardia and accentuated pulmonic component of S2 heart sound. Crackles and Wheezes will also be present. 
Term
Acute Respiratory distress syndrome
Definition
In this respiratory condition, auscultation will reveal tachycardia and crackles and rhonchi may be present.
Term
bronchophony
Definition
ask the person to reapeat "ninety-nine" while you listen with the stethoscope over the chest wall sounds soft muffled and indistinct over normal lung tissue
Term
egophony
Definition
auscultate the chest while the person phonates a long "ee-ee-ee-ee" sound
Term
whispered pectoriloquy
Definition
ask the person to whisper a phrase like "one two three" as you auscultate
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