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Health Assessment 1 - Ch. 15 - Respiratory System
Ch. 15 - Respiratory System
42
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
04/04/2012

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Term
The primary responsibility of the respiratory system is
Definition
the exchange of gases in the body.
Term
Which body systems influcence gas exchange?
Definition
Nervous system, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal system
Term
At what ratio of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions does the respiratory system help to maintain the acid-base balance?
Definition
1:20
Term
At what level does the respiratory system maintain the plasma pH level?
Definition
Between 7.35 and 7.45
Term
Newborns have a high...
Definition
RR (respiratory rate)
Term
What are the three sections of the thoracic cavity?
Definition
Mediastinum and the right & left pleural cavities
Term
External respiration
Definition
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveoli level of the lung
Term
Internal respiration
Definition
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level
Term
Average length and diameter of the trachea
Definition
4" long and 1" in diameter
Term
How many rings of hyaline cartilage does the trachea contain?
Definition
16 to 20 rings
Term
What is the purpose of the hyaline carilage rings surrounding the trachea?
Definition
To help maintain the shape of the trachea and to prevent its collapse during inspiration and expiration.
Term
Carina
Definition
  • The last tracheal carilage
  • Separates the openings of the two main bronchi
  • Its membrane is most sensitive to foreign substances
Term
Diameter of terminal bronchioles
Definition
Less than 0.5 mm (0.019 in)
Term
Characteristics of left lung
Definition
  • Two lobes (upper & lower)
  • Longer and narrower than right lobe
Term
Oblique fissure
Definition
separates the two lobes of the left lung
Term
Characteristics of right lung
Definition
  • Three lobes (upper, middle, lower)
  • Slightly larger, wider, and shorter than left lung
Term
horizontal and oblique fissures
Definition
separate three lobes of the right lung
Term
What characteristic of the alveoli permit simple diffusion and gas exchanges to occur?
Definition
The single layer of cells
Term
Pleura
Definition
a thin, double0layered, serous membran that lines each pleural cavity
Term
pleural fluid
Definition

produced by the pleura to act as a lubricant to allow lungs to glide during respiratory cycle

 

Term
What helps keep the lungs expanded during the respiratory cycle?
Definition
  • Surface tension created by the pleural fluid
  • Negative pressure between the parietal and visceral membranes
Term
mediastinum
Definition
  • the middle section of the thoracic cavity
  • surrounded by the right and left pleural cavities
Term
muscles of respiration
Definition
  • thoracic cage (internal & external intercostal)
  • diaphragm
  • neck (trapezius, scalene, sternocleidomastoid)
  • abdomen (rectus)
  • chest (pectorals)
Term
How many pairs of ribs are there?
Definition
12
Term
Which ribs articulate directly with the sternum?
Definition
the first seven pairs of ribs
Term
Two phases of the respiratory cycle
Definition
inspiration & expiration
Term
eupnea
Definition
normal breathing
Term
dyspnea
Definition
shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Term
sections of the thorax
Definition
anterior, middle, and posterior
Term
Parts of the sternum
Definition
manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
Term
Jugular notch
Definition
the depression at the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum (aka suprasternal notch)
Term

Angle of Louis

(or sternal angle)

Definition

The horizontal ridge formed where the manubrium joins the body of the sternum.

 

Indicates location of 2nd rib and 2nd intercostal space.

Term
costal angle
Definition
formed by the xiphoid process and the inferior borders of the seventh ribs
Term
Findings above the clavicles will be considered...
Definition
supraclavicular
Term
Findings below the clavicles will be considered...
Definition
infraclavicular
Term
true ribs
Definition
the first seven ribs that articulate with the sternum
Term
How is each intercostal space identified?
Definition
by the rib number superior to it
Term
How are ribs best palpated?
Definition
posteriorly
Term
How many and which vertical lines are identified of the anterior aspect of the thoracic cage?
Definition
  1. Right anterior axillary line (Right AAL)
  2. Righ midclavicular line
  3. Midsternal line
  4. Left midclavicular line
  5. Left anterior axillary line (Left AAL)
Term
How many and which vertical lines are identified of the posterior aspect of the thoracic cage?
Definition
  1. Left posterior axillary line (Left PAL)
  2. Left scapular line
  3. Vertebral line (or midspinous line)
  4. Right scapular line
  5. Right posterior axillary line (Right PAL)
Term
How many and which vertical lines are identified of the lateral aspect of the thoracic cage?
Definition
  1. Anterior axillary line (AAL)
  2. Midaxillary line (forms the frontal plane)
  3. Posterior axillary line (PAL)
Term
Using landmarks, where does the trachea bifurcate?
Definition

Anteriorly: at the angle of Louis

 

Posteriorly: between the 3rd and 5th thoracic vertebrae

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