Shared Flashcard Set

Details

HDFS
Test 1 Chapter 1
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
09/15/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Importance of Infancy

 

Definition

 

  1. Education for parents, caregivers, & clinicians
  2. •Infancy Is a unique period in life
  3. Preverbal experience of the body is uniquely human
  4. Reexperiencing infant-like states can be healing & rejuvenating
  5. •Improving health by early prevention
  6. Informed public policy
  7. •Origins of individual differences
Term

 

 

 

history of babies

Definition

1. Early Civ- Greeks & Romans: shaped body for morals, infanticide

2. Mid Ages & Ren- urbanization, +, first written philosophies (1450-1650)

3. Enlightenment (18th C): Romanticism (Rosseau), Empiricism (Locke): value of children, body is important

4. 19th C- nuclear family (white), social changes related to medical advances

Term

 

 

Nature vs. Nurture

Arnold Gessel

Definition

 

 

 

1. genetic maturation- genetic timetable for dev.

2. "average" child created anxiety in parents

 

Term

 

 

Nature vs. Nurture

John B Watson

Definition

1. children can be trained to do anything

2. lasted in N.Am society

3. responsibility=parents; no kissing/holding baby

 

4. Systems Theory of Dev- family, parent and infant make important contributions to dev. outcomes

Term

 

 

Freud

Definition

1. psychology

2. infants have emotions, need love and desires

 

Anna Freud- parents should cuddle and hold baby and be patient while baby discovers and manages own desires

Term

 

 

scientific perspective

Definition

 


Scientists strive to understand infants in their own right, detached from social & cultural conceptions about infancy –

but this is not completely possible

Term

 

 

developmental changes (3 things)

Definition

 

1. not reversible

2. are stable

3. sequence

Term

 

 

RM- Quantitative

Definition

 

 

 

numeral value represents complex behavior processes

Term

 

 

RM- Qualitative

Definition

 

 

captures the meaning of the behavior while maintaining scientific stance

Term

 

 

experiment

independent variable

dependent variable

Definition

 

 

1. a study- 1 aspect is changed, while other(s) are controlled

2. controlled/manipulated

3. outcome that is studied

Term

 

 

control group

contrast group

random assignment

 

 

Definition

 

 

1. compared to the manipulated group

2. each receives different manipulations

3. random process to assign subjects to groups

Term

 

 

 

paired preference tests

 

Definition

 

 

researches determine which of the 2 stimuli the infant prefers

Term

 

 

habituation procedures

recovery

Definition

 

 

decline in looking time after repeats

 

abrupt increase after a change in the stimulus

Term

 

 

 

response contingent procedures

Definition



infants are trained to change their behavior if they can detect certain features of stimuli & will alter their behavior in order to receive their favorite stimulus

 

Term

 

 

physiological recording

Definition

 


One method of discovering more about babies, since they cannot report on their internal states

can be used for experimental and obs. research

 

Term

 

 

types of studies and variables

Definition

Longitudinal- same children diff ages

Cross-sec- diff children diff ages

 

predictor v- cause

outcome v- effect

Term

 

 

how to reduce bias and observe ethical guidelines

Definition

bias- attn to reliability, validity, observer bias, rep samples

 

   ethics- informed consent from parents

            keep info confidential and limit access only to those directly involved

Term
Microanalysis
Definition

 

 

minute changes ( recording second by second)

Term

 

 

Macroanalysis

Definition

 

 

overall, summary, rating scales

Term

 

 

Qualitative RM characteristics

Definition

 

 

1. meaning for partipants

2. role of researcher

 

examines situation broadly, credibility dep. on researchers skill, experience, etc

Term

 

 

constant comparitive method

Definition

 

 

the same observers go over the data many times to check and revise their interpretation

Term

 

 

case study

Definition

same child observed for long time

 

more info about indiv. , but not generalizable to groups

Term

 

 

parens patriae

Definition

children belong to parents, govt only steps in if abuse/neglect

 

public funds only for needy

 

few govt. programs for health care/edu for children <3

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