Any computer system, large or small, can be represented by the four elements of an IPO model,  Draw and label the IPO model.

What are the four components of an IT system?

• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Communication

Explain the difference between primary and secondary storage.  What is each type used for?

• Primary Storage:  (RAM)  is volatile and holds programs and data temorarily for access by the CPU during processing
• Secondary Storage:  Hard drive is non-volatile and provides long term storage of program files and data.

List the two major catagories of the software component; give an example of each and explain the role of each catagory.

• System Software:  collectively know as the OS.  helps to manage your files, load and execute programs and accepts user commands
• Application Software:  (ex. MS Word)  programs that the user runs in order to accomplish a specific task.

The book compares a large mainframe to a small laptop or PDA and states that the difference between them is one of magnitude, not of concept.  Explain the meaning of that statement.

Regardless of size the basic architecture and function of a computer is essentially the same.  The main difference lies only in the amount of data and users that each type of system can accommodate.

Explain what is meant by virtualization.

Something that appears to be something different.

(ex.  Java Virtual Machine uses software to simulate a real computer)

Define Protocols and standards.

Are all protocols standards?

Are all standards protocols?

EXPLAIN...

• Protocols:  define specific agreed upon sets of ground rules that make it possible for communication to take place.
• Standards:  acreements among interested parties to assure that various components will work together interchangeably.
• Standards are not always protocols (standards define many things other than communication protocols)
• Protocols are not always standards (many proprietary protocols may be in use, but will likey die out due to lack of use)