Shared Flashcard Set

Details

GU: male reproduction
Mrs. Hawk
34
Nursing
Not Applicable
05/17/2014

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Cryptorchidism

 

Definition

One or both testes fail to descend into the scrotom, may lie in the inguinal canal, in the abd cavity, in the perineum, or in the femoral canal

Cause unknown but if not corrected by age 2, seminiferous tubules atrophy and become fibrotic

20-40% chance of testicular cancer if untreated

Term

 

 Hydrocele

Definition

  

Fluid-dilled mass within the scrotom; imbalance between production & reabsortion; tranillumination, not reatement or hydrocelectomy

Term

 

 Spermatocele

Definition

  

mobile, painless mass containing dead spermatoza that forms in the epididymis; cause thought to be leakage of sperm due to trauma or infection, no treatment or spermatocelectomy

Term

 

 Varicocele

Definition
dilation of venous complex of the spermatic cord; can decrease sperm count & cause atrophy of testicles; cause thought to be incompetent venous valves or vein obstrucion; surgery to ligate spermatic vein
Term

 

 Phimosis

Definition

Constriction of the foreskin; can not be retarcted over glans penis; uncommon problem; may be congenital or related to chronic infections

 

Major problems are that it prevents adequate hygiene, which may lead to malignancy & interfere with erections

Term

 

 Medical Interventions:

Phimosis

Definition

 

 

Antibiotics and warm soaks n sitz baths; circumcision may be necessary

Term

 

 Hypospadias

Definition

 

 

 occurs when the urinary meatus opens onto the ventral surface of the penis

Term

 

 Epispadias

Definition

 

 

when the urinary meatis opens onto the dorsal surface of the penis

Term

 

 Testicular torsion

Definition

  

Twisting of the testes and spermatic cord; potential mediccal emergency

Term

 

 Testicular torsion

Definition

             Causes:             

Congenital abnormalities called bell-clapper deformity; the tunica vaginalis attached too high on spermatic cord, letting the testes move around; occurs between birth and age 30

 

Term

 

 Medical Interventions:

Testicular torsion

Definition

  

surgery to untwist the testicle & fixation to scrotom; if the testes is already necrotic, removal is necessary

Term

 

 Testicular cancer

Definition

 

1% of all cancers;

most common cancer ages 15-35;

cure rate nearly 100% with early detection;

 

Term

 

 Testicular cancer

Definition

 

etiology unknown;

suggested risk factors include cryptorchidism, exposure to DES & OC during fetal growth, HX of increased maternal nausea 1st two months, LBW, prematurity, family hx

Term

 

 Testicular Cancer

Definition

 

Grows within the testicle, eventually replacing normal tissue; local spread to epididymis or spermatic cord; spreads by lymphatic & vascular to other organs

 

Presents: Painless hard nodule on testicle

 

 

Term

 

Medical Intervention:

Testicular Cancer

Definition

 

 

Chemotherapy

Surgery

Radiation therapy

 

Term

 

 Lab & Diagnostic Tests:

Testicular Cancer

Definition

 

tumor markers

serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH)

liver function test

CT of chest and abdomen

Term

 

Priapism

Definition

 

 

sustained, painful erection *minimal 4hrs without arousal; condition unusual

 

 

Term

 

 Causes:

Priapism

Definition

 

Typesarterial high-flow: trauma to perineal area with torn cavernous artery

Veno-occulsive: relataed to certain drugs and conditions; causes obstruction or venospasms of small veins

 

Term

 

Medical Intervention:

Priapism

Definition

 

 

ice and vasoconstrictive drugs for temporary relief

Sugery to create fitulas to drain blood

Term

 

 Erectile Dysfunction

Definition

 

The inablility to attain & maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse; high incidence; most over age 65

 

Diabetes Mellitus leading cause

Term

 

 Medical Interventions:

Erectile Dysfunction

Definition

  

Mechanical devices: vacuum constrictive devices

Surgery: Revasculariztion, penile implants *semi-rigid; self-contained, and inflatable

Term

 

 Peyronie's Disease

Definition

 

Often gives penis curved or crooked look when erect. Fibrous bands or plaques form mainly on the dorsal part of the layer of tissue that surrounds on of the corpora cavernosa of the penis

Term

 

 Peyronie's disease

Definition

Caused by injury or inflammation of penile tissue; may be intermittent condition and resolve spontaneously

 

If curvature is thick enough, erection is painful with difficulty penetrating vagina and often leads to erectile dysfunction

Term

 

 Prostatitis

Definition

 

 inflammation of prostate gland

      Causes: acute bacterial (lower UTI's, treated with antibiotics); chronic bacterial (chronic UTI's) or non bacterial (unknown)

Term

 

 Epididymitis

Definition

Infection/inflammation

Usually caused by bladder or urethral infection

 

Early: pain/local edema progress to erythema & scrotal edema

Late: Occlusion of epididymis/infertility

 

Term

 

 Medical Interventions:

Epididymitis

Definition

  

IV antibiotics/hospital, bedrest, ice

Term

 

Orchitis

Definition

infection/inflammation

common complication of epididymitis

through lymphatic & vasculat tunnels

trauma

other diseases

pain& edema

abcesses, atrophy, fibrosis, infertility

Term

 

 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Definition

 Most common disorder in aging males

Cause may have relationship with diet, obesity, sexual activity, ethnic origin, family hx

Two preconditions: age of 50 or greater & prescence of testes; higher level of estrogen

Term

 

 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Definition

 Begins as small nodules in transition zone next to the urethra; nodules form mass of hyperplastic tissue that expands; compresses and narrows the urethra

 

Sx: nocturia, vesicoureteral reflux if left untreated

Term

 

 Prostate Cancer

Definition

Cause unknown: in early stages is androgen dependent. Testosterone converted to DTH; androgen receptors in nuclei bind with DTH and lead to hyperplasia.

 

No early symptoms but as tumor grows, compresses urethra, obstructing flow

Term

 

 Lab & Diagnostic test

Prostate Cancer

Definition

 

PSA

Transrectal ultrasonography

tissue bx

grade and stage (1-4 used)

Term

 

 Medical Interventions;

Prostate Cancer

Definition

 

Hormone therapy: deprive system of androgens

Surgery

Radiation therapy

Term

 

 Cancer of Penis

Definition

 

Associated with presence of foeskin, irritative effects of smegma, poor hygiene, other infections such as HPV, cigarette smoking, genital warts, multiple sex partners, hx of penile rash

Term

 

 Cancer of Penis

Definition

 

Originates at distal end of penis, spreads through lymph channe;s to inguinal nodes & spread to other organs

Signs: mass or persistant sore/ulcer (painless), ulceration, bleeding, purulent, foul smelling drainage, enlarged nodes

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