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54
Anatomy
Graduate
04/18/2012

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Cards

Term
what is arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Definition
a neuromuscular syndrome in which multiple joint contractures are present at birth. Joint contractures are severe and are accompanied by muscle weakness and fibrosis
Term
is arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) rare?
Definition
yes
Term
is AMC progressive
Definition
no
Term
what causes AMC
Definition
believed to be caused by reduced fetal movement during 1st trimester
Term
how many types of AMC are there
Definition
3
Term
describe AMC type I
Definition
upper and lower limbs are equally compromised but cognitive function is normal.
Term
describe AMC type II
Definition
limbs and other body parts are affected
Term
describe AMC Type III
Definition
limbs and CNS are affected
Term
what is amyoplasia
Definition
AMC type I: upper and lower limbs are compromised but cognitive funciton is normal
Term
which type of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is most common
Definition
type I: upper and lower limbs both compromised but cognition is normal. Amyoplasia
Term
what is medical treatment/rehab for a baby with AMC
Definition
should begin in the first month of life. Consists of surgery, serial casting, and PT
Term
what kinds of family education is important in AMC
Definition
importance of positioning, stretching, and strengthening to prevent activity restrictions later in life
Term
do children with AMC perform normally on gross motor tests
Definition
No, they are usually below average because of lack of strength and ROM
Term
what are things to look for in children with AMC as they get to preschool/elementary school
Definition
proper orthotics fit; stretching throughout day; strength adequate for self-care; gait assistance and devices to promote independence and social skills; ability to access all school environments and interact with peers
Term
what does DCD stand for
Definition
developmental coordination disorder
Term
what is the presentation of children with developmental coordination disorder
Definition
extremely clumsy: constantly tripping, trouble walking. Gross and fine motor deficiencies
Term
what is the science behind developmental coordination disorder
Definition
Not attributed to any known neurologic or medical disorder. DCD could be part of the continuum of CP, or it could be linked to cerebellar problems
Term
is DCD easy to diagnose
Definition
no
Term
how is developmental coordination disorder diagnosed
Definition
must be diagnosed by MD. Symptoms can't be attributed to other neurological disorder or severe mental retardation
Term
what are the aspects of treatment of DCD
Definition
PT, OT, support at school, support at home, speech therapy
Term
how to treat DCD
Definition
task specific training
Term
what are other considerations for DCD besides gross/fine motor deficiencies
Definition
social issues, obesity
Term
what is idopathic hypotonia
Definition
congenital disorder marked by decreased muscle tone with or without weakness in the absence of neurological or physiologic abnormalities
Term
at what age is idiopathic hypotonia typically recognized
Definition
1 year, after delay in motor milestones is noticed
Term
what are presenting characteristics of hypotonia
Definition
decreased strength, activity tolerance, and motor skill development. Rounded shoulder posture. Increased flexion
Term
psychosocial aspects of idiopathic hypotonia
Definition
learning disabilities, speech delays, clumsiness, decreased participation in activities, family-patient interaction, grief
Term
what is lymphedema
Definition
excessive and persistent accumulation of extracellular fluid and proteins in tissue space
Term
what is the primary function of the lymphatic system
Definition
collect and clear excess fluid from interstitial space and return to venous system
Term
is edema a natural part of healing
Definition
yes
Term
is lymphedema a normal part of healing
Definition
no. occurs when lymphatic system isn't functioning properly
Term
what is congenital lymphedema
Definition
congenital malformation of lymphatic system
Term
what is secondary lymphedema
Definition
lymphedema caused by infection, obstruction, surgical dissection of lymphatic system or chronic venous insufficiency
Term
signs/symptoms of lymhpedema
Definition
increased limb size, complaints of swelling that comes and goes, sensory deficits, pain, heavy limb, pitting edema, decreased functional mobility in involved limb, delayed wound healing, frequent infections
Term
what is phase 1 lymphedema treatment
Definition
manual lymph drainage, bandaging, skin care, remedial exercise
Term
what is phase 2 lymphedema treatment
Definition
self manual lymph drainage, compression garment, skincare, exercise
Term
tips for exercise and lymphedema
Definition
monitor limb size, wear bandages or compression garment and keep limb elevated, progress slowly
Term
what are the 4 main patterns of MVA injuries
Definition
1. upper anterior trunk and upper extremity pain; 2. head, posterior neck, upper posterior trunk pain; 3. low back pain; 4. lower anterior trunk and lower extremity pain
Term
what are the 3 stages of whiplash
Definition
acute phase, subacute phase, chronic phase
Term
how long does the acute phase of whiplash last
Definition
2-3 weeks
Term
how long does the subacute phase of whiplash last
Definition
2-10 weeks
Term
when does the chronic phase of whiplash begin
Definition
when acute healing ends
Term
how to treat acute phase of whiplash
Definition
STM, grade 1-2 mobilization, heat or ice, AROM
Term
what is the goal of treatment in acute whiplash
Definition
relax cervical muscles
Term
how to treat whiplash subacute phase
Definition
stretching, joint mobilization, deep neck flexor and multifidi strengthening, proprioception/rhythmic stabilization
Term
what is the goal of treatment in subacute whiplash
Definition
restore flexibility of cervical muscles and facets
Term
what is the treatment of chronic phase whiplash
Definition
neck stability and strength; gentle repetitive stretching; mobilizations to extension and strengthen multifidi
Term
what is the goal of treatment in chronic phase whiplash
Definition
slowly increase ROM
Term
what is parkinson's disease
Definition
a progressive neurodegenerative disease whose main pathology is decreased function of dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra leading to dopaminergic loss in the basal ganglia
Term
what factors cause parkinson's
Definition
genetics, environmental factors
Term
what are the motor symptoms of parkinson's
Definition
resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait and balance problems
Term
what are the non-motor symptoms of parkinson's
Definition
fatigue, pain, dysphagia, depression/anxiety/apathy/dementia/psychosis
Term
what is dysphagia
Definition
difficulty swallowing
Term
how is a clinical diagnosis of parkinson's made
Definition
presence of bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, asymmetrical presentation all alleviated with dopaminergic treatment of Levodopa
Term
goals of PT for parkinson's pts
Definition
increase strength, mobility, and endurance and improve posture, balance, gait
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