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Gross Anatomy
Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal
14
Medical
Professional
10/14/2008

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Cards

Term
General Features of Abdominal Wall
Definition
1. consists of 4 muscles
2. superficial fascia- fatty (camper's) layer and membranous (scarpa's) layer
3. deep fascia
4. aponeurosis
5. umbilicus
Term
Muscles of Abdominal Wall
Definition
1. external oblique
2. internal oblique
3. transverse
4. rectus abdominis
Term
Linea alba
Definition
1.fusion of aponeuroses from three lateral muscles on both sides
2. single, double or triple decussations
Term
Rectus sheath
Definition
1. dense CT that envelopes rectus abdominus
2. formed by lateral muscles en route to linea alba
Term
Function of abdominal wall muscles
Definition
1. protect viscera
2. maintain positions of viscera
3. change pressure of abdominal cavity
4. change pressure of thoracic cavity
5. indirectly move vertebral column (sit up)
Term
Muscular innervation of abdominal wall
Definition
1. from anterior rami of T1 to T7
2. anterior rami of T12
3. iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves of lumbar plexus (L1)
Term
Cutaneous innervation of abdominal wall
Definition
1. same as muscular
2. T7-xyphoid process
3. T10-umbilicus
4. L1-pubis
Term
Blood supply to abdominal wall
Definition
1. lumbar arteries from abdominal aorta
2. superior (branch of internal thoracic) and inferior (branch of external iliac) epigastric arteries
Term
Lymphatic drainage of abdominal wall
Definition
1. skin and fascia above umbilicus to axillary
2. skin and fascia belove umbilicus to superficial inguinal
3. lymph vessels from muscle and fascia to lymph nodes near origin of blood vessels supplying area
Term
Inguinal canal
Definition
1. oblique passageway connecting abdominal cavity and perineal region
2. created during fetal development by descent of processus vaginalis
3. transmits spermatic cord and round ligament of uterus
Term
walls of inguinal canal
Definition
1. floor: curved bottom of inguinal ligament
2. anterior wall: aponeurosis of external oblique
3. posterior wall: transversalis fascia
4. roof: internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscle fibers
Term
openings of inguinal canal
Definition
1. deep inguinal ring: site where processus vaginalis pushed through transversalis fascia
2. superficial inguinal canal-site where processus vaginalis pushed through aponeurosis of external oblique
Term
inguinal triangle (Hesselbach's)
Definition
portion of abdominal wall bound by inferior epigastric blood vessels, lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle, and inguinal ligament
Term
Clinical Notes for Inguinal Region
Definition
1. Herniation- indirect through deep inguinal ring and direct at position of inguinal triangle
2. parts of abdominal wall hernia--sac, contents, covering
3. umbilical (congenital) and paraumbilical hernia
4. incisional hernia
5. femoral hernia
6. complications of hernias--incarceration, bowel obstruction, strangulation
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