Name: Euphronios Krater (Sarpedon)

515 BC

Terracotta

Red-figure

Death of Sarpedon; Athenian Youths

Name Vase-Berlin Painter

Early 5th century

Red-figure

Hermes, satyr, fawn

·  More natural coloration for Greek flesh, light clothing

·      On the lighter red of the figure, can see light-brown or brown “paint”·      Can apply details with brush instead of relying on incision, as with black figure

·      Allows very delicate painting of details of musculature, facial features, clothing, furnishings

·      Can also apply light washes of colour over the red

·      Red figure vase painting

·      Painting techniques used in red figure likely to have been closer to those used in contemporary wall paintings

·      Unfortunately, no wall paintings survive from sixth, fifth and most of fourth centuries

Calyx Krater

Signed by Euphronios as Painter

515-510 BC

Red-figure

Heracles fighting the giant Antaios

Consists of abacus and echinus.

Necking grooves at top of shaft.

Greek masonry; U-shaped hole for transport and placement 

Greek masonry;  the side of the block is cut back a bit except for a band around the perimeter, which is the only part of the stone that contacts the adjacent stone 

Early columns were made of wood, not stone as in Minoan palaces.

Early temples may have had wooden roofs. 

Temple of Hera at Samos

c. 650 BC

Central colonnade has been removed; cult statue visible from entrance 

Roofing supports built against walls 

Limestone walls more smoothly dressed in this version 

Columns of wood 

Altar is larger now 

Stoa has been built nearly  

Archaic Period

Singular: kore

Female counterparts to kouroi 

Free standing, life size or close to it.

Quadrifrontal 

Always clothed

Stand, instead of striding

Dedications to gods or gravemarkers.

Nikandre Kore

640 BC

Daedalic forms

"Nikandre dedicated me to the Far Darter, the Arrow Shooter, outstanding of women, daughter of Deinodikes of Naxon, sister of Deinomenes, wife of Phraxos."

Berlin Kore

570-560 BC (Archaic)

Attica

Frontal stance, large features on face, big feet and hands, holds a pomegranate, tassled mantle.

Cheramyes Korai

Cheramyes dedicated a group of Korai to the Temple of Hera at Samos.

570-560 BC

Phrasikleia

c. 550 BC

Excavated in 1972 with a kouros

Base known since 1729.

"The tomb of Phrasikleia. I shall always be called kore, having received this name as my lot from the gods instead of marriage. Aristion of Paros made me."

Rampin Horseman

c. 560 BC

Athens

Korai were buried for 24 centuries; exceptionally good shape.

Buried at end of Archaic period, 480 BC.

Date of burial gives a terminus ante quem. 

Peplos Kore

c. 530 BC

Smaller than lifesize

Left forearm carrying gift was worked separately, missing metal rod for right hand.

Reconstruction of Peplos Kore.

Thing on head is a meniskos, intended to protect statue from birds and weather.

Chian Kore

c. 520 BC

Athens

Kore #674

c. 500 BC

Athens

Somber expression.

Euthydikos Kore

c. 480 BC

Hair is a simple wave.

Artist turned down corners of mouth, getting away from the archaic smile.

Nike of Delos

c. 550

Earliest known winged Nike

"Farshooter, [Apollo receive this] fine figure [...,] worked by the skills of Archermos, son of the Chian Mikkiades, [dwelling in]...the paternal city of Melas."

Sphinx from Kerameikos 

560 BC

Kerameikos Lion

mid-sixth century

Antikythera Bronze

c. 350 BC

Recovered in Shipwreck in 70-60 BC

Piraeus Athena

c. 350 BC

Bronze

Pacific Athena

May be an adaptation of the Piraeus Athena, if so must have been made before 80BC

Roman marble copy of a bronze original?

Eirene and Ploutos

Roman Copy of Bronze Original

Eirene (Peace) holding the child Ploutos (Wealth)

c.370

by Kephisodotos

Hermes and the Infant Dionysus

c.340?

QUESTIONS:

Strut? High polish? Type of sandal? Cutting on back? Point to a later date.

Maybe by Praxitiles

Aphrodite of Knidos

c.350

Roman Copy of a Greek Marble Original

Praxitiles

Many copies known, first major female nude

Temple of Athena Alea, Tegea

c. 340 BC

Skopas?

Telephos was the son of Herakles, hence the lionskin helmet

Meleager

Roman copy of a c.340 Greek original

Probably by Skopas

Apoxyomenos

Roman copy of a 350-325 BC 

Lysippos

"Man scraping himself with strigil"

Dexileos Grave Stele

c. 390 BC

Ilissos Stele

c. 339 BC

Alexander Sarcophagus

Said to be a descendent of Herakles, note the lionskin helmet.

Made in Sidon, c. 320 BC

Chryselephantine Statue fragments from Delphi

Apollo? Archaic?

Ivory was burnt, fragments were likely buried after being damaged in the fire.

Chryselephantine Statue fragments from Delphi

Artemis? Archaic?

A third head has also been found, may be Leto, mother of the twins.

Fragments of the Cult Statue of Zeus, Olympia

Found in Pheidias' workshop. 

Recreation of the Athena Parthenos Cult Statue

Nashville Parthenon, Tennessee

Original: Parthenon, 436 BC

'Sack of Troy' Hydria

Kleophrades 

Early 5th century..shortly after 470 BC?

Makron Kylix

Dionysus and satyr on interior or kylix

First quarter of 5th century (c.480?)

Croesus on the pyre

Early 5th Century

Myson

Croesus was a Lydian King who fell in the Persian Wars; account is found in Herodotus' Histories of the Persian War

Brygos Painter

Maenad on white-ground kylix

c. 490 BC

Brygos Painter

Spinning Woman on a White-ground Oinochoe

c. 490 BC

Brygos Painter

Kylix with Symposium Scene

c. 490-480 BC

Douris as Painter

Psykter with Satyrs

c. 500-490 BC 

450-400 BC

Sculptor: Polykleitos 

"Doryphoros"

Found at Pompeii

Roman Copy of Bronze Original; OD 440BC

Manly Boy

Controposto

Polykleitos: Diadoumenos

Roman copy of Bronze Original

Found on Delos

Bronze Original: c.430 BC

Pliny the Elder mentions a bronze Diadoumenos by Polykleitos as being a "soft young man."

Nike by Paionios

c. 420 BC

Dedicated in sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia to commemorate a victory

Originally on a 10m tall pillar.

Grave Stele of Hegoso

c. 400BC

Deceased woman looking at jewelry box.

Grave Stele of Aristion

c. 510 BC

Archaic

Mourning Athena

c. 470 BC

Artist Unknown

Major attempt at capturing human emotion.

Note the reserved expression, typical of transitional sculpture.

The west pediments seem stiff and unnatural, usually dated to about 500 BC. Retrospective to Late Archaic style.

The east pediments seem more natural, realistic in movement and expression. Often dated to 480 BC. Looking forward to the Severe Style.

East Pediment, Temple of Zeus at Olympia

Chariot race between Oinomaus and Pelops

The seer Iamos.

c. 460 BC

Reconstruction: Temple of Zeus at Olympia, West Pediment

Lapiths vs. Centaurs

Temple of Zeus at Olympia, West Pediment

Lapiths vs. Centaurs

Temple of Zeus at Olympia, metope on east side of cella

Cretan bull

Temple of Zeus, Olympia 

Nemean Lion Metope

Temple of Zeus, Olympia

Stymphalian Bird Metope

Temple E, Selinus

Zeus and Hera metope

Limestone with marble for Hera' face, arms and feet

c.460-450BC

Temple E, Selinus

Metope, Artemis and Actaeon

Limestone with marble for Artemis' head, feet, arms

c. 460-450BC

Kritios Boy

c.480 BC

Tyrannicides

Roman marble copies of c. 477 BC Greek bronzes by Kritios and Nesiotes

Aristogeiton and Harmodios killed Athenian tyrant Hipparchus

Themistocles

Roman marble copy of c.450 Greek original

Myron; Discobolus

Roman marble copy of c. 450BC bronze original

Charioteer of Delphi

478 or 474 BC

Commissioned for a victory in the Pythian games

Great example of "severe" style

Artemision Zeus or Poseidon

c.460-450 BC

No way of telling who it really is, arm position seems more adept to a trident than a lightning bolt.

Riace Bronzes

Copper inlay on lips, nipples, eyelashes

c.460-450 BC

Zeus and Ganymede

Terra cotta akroterion

c.470 BC

Plural: Korous

Free-standing sculptures of young men

Always nude

Always beardless

Left leg forward

Stiff, frontal attitude

Kleobis and Biton

c. 600-590 BC

Parian Marble

"[Poly]medes the Argive made me"

New York Kouros

c. 600 BC

Said to be from Attica

Mentuemhet Statue

6th Century Egyptian

Notice clothes, legs attached to pillar

Kerameikos kouros

600-590 BC

Sounion Koros

c. 580 BC

Half of face, left arm, left leg restored

Anavysos Kouros

c. 530 BC

Aristodikos Kouros

c. 500 BC

Gravemarker for young man of the same name

Calf-bearer

c. 560BC

Lefkandi Centaur

Late 10th century BC

Geometric Horse

8th century BC

Found at Olympia; votive offering

Dreros Trio

c. 700 BC

Example of sphryrelaton technique 

Griffin

Orientalizing

Found at Rhodes

c. 650 BC

Mantiklos Bronze

700-675 BC

“Mantiklos dedicated me to the Far-Shooter with the silver bow from his tithe; 

grant,  Apollo,  something good in return”

Figurine of a Youth

Orientalizing Period

Bronze

c. 625 BC

Lady of Auxerre

c. 640 BC

Daedelic Style

1. Inverted triangle shape

2. Face framed by stylized, wig-like hairstyle with squares or horizontal lines

3. Strictly frontal stance

1. External colonnade has Doric columns

2. Doric frieze on outside; metopes and triglyphs

1. Ionic columns in back rooms

2. Continuous sculpted frieze around outer top of cella

1. Stylobate curved

2. Columns have entasis

3. Columns lean in a bit

4. Even in entablature, there are no true right angles; subtle curves throughout

5. Angle contraction

1. Columns became longer and slimmer

2. Echinus goes from baggy to straight sided, compact

3. Metopes go from rectangular to square

4. Entablature becomes shorter

1. No altar

2. Did not house traditional, small wooden cult statue

3. More like a treasury in some respects

Gateway to acropolis

Meant to impress and welcome visitors

Architect: Mnesikles 

437-432BC

Left unfinished

Temple of Athena Nike

Small Ionic temple on west end of acropolis 

Built in 420s BC

Relief of Nike tying sandal

Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis

Added after construction of temple

410-407 BC

Ionic

Unorthodox Plan

Begun in 430's, most work done between 409-406

Built near site of the contest between Poseidon and Athena

Poseidon's salt spring inside temple, Athena's olive tree next to temple

Erechteion Caryatid 

Porch faces south

Characterized by Minoan Palaces (MMII to LM)

House of Tiles, Lerna

Corridor house

2 stories

Early Helladic (2500-2200)

Megaron 

Appears at late Deolithic Dimini (3700-3300)

Prominent again in Late Helladic (1500-1100) at Pylos

Greek temple derives from this structure.

A shape that is rectangular but curved at one end.

Common in Dark Age/Geometric architecture.

Excavated after a farmer bulldozed through north wall.

Double-apsidal

10th century BC

Cemetery dating to 9th century by entrance of building

Model of building, Argos

Terracotta

Late 8th century BC

Presumed to be a model of a shrine

4 buried horses, buried woman, cremated man in urn

Plan of Eretria

c. 750 BC

First temple, later Temple of Apollo was built over top

Plan: Temple at Dreros

Late Geometric?

First Temple of Hera at Samos

8th century BC

Referred to as Hekadompedos (100 ft long)

Distinguished by the single colonnade running down the center of the cella.

Temple of Aphaia

Doric

c. 475 BC

 6x12

Plan: Temple of Zeus, Olympia

Doric 

Reconstruction: Temple of Zeus

Reconstruction: Temple of Zeus, Akragas

c. 480 BC

Atlas'

Doric capitals, Ionic bases

Temple of Hera II, Poseidonia

c.470-460BC

Doric

They deal with optical illusions: a colonnaded temple made entirely of straight lines seems to fall on itself. 

They are designed to deal with the difference in width of triglyph and thickness of architrave block.

There is doubt about the deity it was attributed to because Pausanias saw statues of Hera and standing Zeus, as well as Hermes and Dionysus.

c. 590 BC, Doric

Temple of Apollo, Corinth

c. 560 BC

2 Inner columned chambers- unusual

Originally 6x15 Doric, now 5x3

Plan: Temple of Apollo, Corinth

Temple of Artemis, Corcyra

c. 580 BC

Doric

Pseudo-dipteral

Metope from Temple C, Selinus

Herakles and the Kerkopes

c. 540 BC

Europa and the Bull

Selinus

Archaic

440-300 BC

Magna Graecia; theatrical themes in common

Dependent on Athenian red-figure

Temple of Athena, Poseidonia

c. 500

First temple to use both Doric and Ionic columns

Temple of Apollo, Thermon

c. 625

5x15, single colonnade running down middle

Temple at Prinias, Lintel

c. 625-600

Carved limestone

Temple at Prinias

Mounted horseman procession: dado

c. 625-600

Temple of Athena, Smyrna

Mushroom Capital

Limestone

c. 600

Plan: Temple of Apollo, Syracuse

c.560 BC

Hexastyle by 17

Doric

Temple of Hera I, Poseidonia

c. 540 BC

9x18

Fourth Temple of Dionysus, Naxos

Four columns on porch, no colonnade around temple

c.570 BC

Temple of Artemis, Ephesus

c. 560 BC

Temple of Apollo, Didyma

c. 350 BC

Was rebuilt over a previous c.550 BC temple, though to a larger scale

Open air interior

Hephaisteion

c. 450-415

Doric

Best preserved 5th century temple

Bitchin' roof

Tendency towards huge, showy , dipteral temples in Asia Minor

Ionic Columns more slender than Doric

Siphnian Treasury

c. 530-525 BC

Securely dates, provides a stable chronological marker for other sculpture

Siphnian Treasury

c.  530-525 BC

North Frieze

Gigantomachy 

Siphnian Treasury, E. Frieze

c. 530-525 BC

Heroes fighting at Troy, Gods on either side

Siphnian Treasury

Pediment

c.530-525 BC

Zeus, Herakles, Apollo

4th century (336-323)

Difficult identifying style

Successor to Polykleitas

Responsible for the Apoxymenos (Man Scraping Himself)

Portraits for Alexander the Great

May have been the son of Kephisodotos

First to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue

Model may have been the Thespian Courtesan Phryne

Responsible for: Hermes and the Infant Dionysus, Aphrodite of Knidos

4th century architect and sculptor

Treated facial features in a pronounced way to depict stressed emotional states

Meleager, Various pedimental heads from the Temple of Athena Alea, Tegea

4th Century

Perhaps Praxiteles' father

Eirene and Ploutos

Temple of Apollo, Bassae

Note: Single Corinthian Column

c. 430-390 BC

North-south orientation

First use of a Corinthian Capital

Choregic Monument of Lysikrates

Corinthian

c. 334BC

Originally supported a bronze tripod, for the benefactor of a winning play at a festival

Pan Painter, Bell Krater

c. 470

Red Figure

Pan, death of Actaeon

Archaic/Early Classical

Sphinx Rhyton

Sotades potter, Sotades painter

Transitional Period

Niobid Painter

Calyx krater, name piece

Twins slaying Niobe's children

c. 530 BC

Red-figure

Marsyas Painter

Pelike with Peleus and Thetis 

Kerch Style

c.340-330BC

Cyclops Painter

c. 420-410 BC

South Italian Red-Figure

Name krater

Phlyax krater

South Italian Red Figure

c. 350 BC

Scenes from phlyax comedies

by Assteas

Rectangular block that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze.

Usually sculpted or painted.

In a Doric frieze, it is seperated by triglyphs and metopes.

Ionic frieze is continuous.

Standard facade in Doric temple, 6 columns

ex. group at Paestum 

ToAthena Aphaia

Hephaesteum

8 columns; more rare than hexastyle.

ex. Parthenon

- Small rectangular structure sheltering the cult statue

-in front of the cella, a small porch was formed by the protruding cella walls (antae)

-in order to support the structure, two columns were placed in front of the antae (in antis)

Potentially sacred shrine, usually the rear porch.

Balances the pronaos.

Body-length garment worn by women before 500 BC

Tubular cloth folded inside out from the top, about halfway down

Top of tube (now inside out) drapes over the waist, providing the appearance of a second piece of clothing

Pinned at shoulders

Sewn garment, unisex

Ionic chiton: wider piece of fabric, attached from neck to wrists, excess fabric gathered at waist by a belt thing

Doric chiton: no sleeves, much simpler, simply pinned or buttoned at the shoulder

Heavier garment, usually worn over a chiton, worn as a cloak